to be inferted in the Archæologia of fo refpectable a body as the Society of Antiquaries.Should we have gone through the whole of Dr. Woodward's paper, we must have exceeded the bounds of our Review.

Art. XX. The Ceremonial of making the King's Bed. By Mr. Brooke, of the Heralds' College.

The ceremonial here described, is fuch as it was in the time of king Henry the eighth, and contains many fingularities. Art. XXI.. XXII. Obfervations on the Apamean Medal, by the hon. Daines Barrington; and Dr. Milles, Dean of Exeter. Art. XXIII. Remarks upon Bryant's Vindication of the Apamean Medal. By the Abbé Barthelemy and Mr. Charles Combe, F. R. and A. S.

Art. XXIV. Account of Coins &c. found in digging up the foundation of fome old houfes near the church of St. Mary Hill. By the Rev. Dr. Griffith.-Two earthern pots were found on the east fide of Love-lane, London, the 24th of June 1774. containing a fibula or broche of fine gold fet with jewels, and fome copper pennies of Edward the Confeffor, Harold the second and William the Conquer. Dr. Griffith has made some pertinent remarks on the different types of these coins.

Art. XXV. Obfervations on Ancient Castles by Edward King, Efq.

This judicious paper gives us a very fatisfactory account of the arthitecture, as well as the modes of fortification in use among our Saxon ancestors, and evinces that the caftles built in those remote ages were extremely well contrived to refift fuch attacks as could be made upon them without artillery, which was unknown at that time. The circumftances evidently provided for by the architect were,

ift, The fecurity of the entrance; and the rendering it both difficult to an enemy, and yet fo magnificent, as to be fuitable to the dignity of the person who was to have his refidence, as commander in chief, in the apartments of this building.

2dly, The protection of the whole garrison, in case of a clofe fiege, and after the out-works fhould be taken, and the conftruating the building in fuch a manner, that they might not be annoyed by the weapons of the enemy, nor be subject to have their apartments fet on fire; and, at the same time, the devising a means to enable them, with safety to their own perfons, to annoy the befiegers.

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3dly, The contriving to mislead and deceive the befiegers, and to draw their attacks upon fuch part of the building as were in reality the ftrongeft, and leaft liable to be injured by them.

• 4thly,

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4thly, The fecurity of the ftores: and the fecuring of the prifoners, in fuch a manner as to need no very confiderable guard.

5thly, The eafy of conveyance of the great engines of war, fuch as baliftae, catapultae, warwolfs, and other offenfive weapons, in the various apartments, and up to the top of the

tower..

6thly, The means of giving a quick alarm to all the garri fon, without any confufion, or fuffering the enemy to be ap prised of it.

7thly, The fupplying the garrison with water.

8thly, The conveying away the fmoak from the apartments; and the forming of drains to carry off the filth.

And laftly, The providing an habitation for the commandant in chief, or lord of the caftle, both stately and airy, and free from the annoyance of the enemy's inftruments of war.'

All thefe ends, Mr. King fairly proves to have been obtained by the moft ingenious devices. He gives us, in the courfe of his differtation, an accurate account and defcription of the cafiles of Rochefter, Colchefter, Dover, Norwich, Canterbury, Portchefter, Guilford, &c. feveral plates likewife illuftrate this important article, which does honour to its ingenious author.

Art. XXVI. Remarks on the Bones of Fowls found in Chrift-church-Twynham, Hampshire. By Mr. Pegge.What Mr. Brander has already hinted in the IXth. article, viz. that Chrift-church was formerly a heathen fane, is here made more probable by the learned Mr. Pegge, who alledges quotations from St. Gregory, and other fathers of the church, to prove that the Roman and Saxon places of worship became Chriftian churches, at the time of the converfion of our ancestors. The bird's bones, of which fuch a prodigious quantity were found here, are by him fuppofed to be the remains of the fowls, which the Roman augurs used to coop up, and from whofe peculiar fituation they used to decide the fate of armies and nations,

We shall now conclude this account of the Archæologia. by obferving, that, the Society of Antiquaries does not appear to want valuable and learned members, whofe communications and difquifitions would at all times prove interesting and ufeful to the public; but that they feem to require fome judicious cenfors to feparate the chaff from the grain; and to reject the number of flimfy infignificant effays, which are but too apt to give a bad impreffion of the ftate of antiquarylearning amongst us.

Addreffes

Addrefes to young Men. By James Fordyce, D. D. 2 vols. Small 8vo. 75. 6d. ferved. Cadell.

IN N two former volumes this ingenious and benevolent writer has adapted his inftructions to young women, and endeavoured to raise their ideas above frivolous and infignificant objects, to refine their tafte, extend their views, fhew them the dignity of their nature, and infpire them with fentiments of virtue and religion. In thefe difcourfes he addreffes himfelf to young men, with a defign to caution them against the pernicious effects of idlenefs, debauchery, and diffipation; to give them just notions of honour, and reputation, of friendship and love, of a manly fpirit as opposed to cowardice, of the beauty of humility, and the importance of an early piety..

In his first addrefs he reminds them, that their difpofition and manners are of infinite confequence, both to the prefent and future generations.

In your lot,' fays he, is involved the lot of multitudes. You have the power of communicating bleffings or woes innumer able, inexpreffible, inconceivable. The effects, which your behaviour in particular will produce on the conduct, difpofitions, reputation, the peace or wretched nefs of the other fex, are not to be told. To you your country turns her impatient eye, eager to find in your perfons her hope, her protection, her boaft, well knowing, that the muft rife or fink, as you fhall fupport and adorn, or difgrace and betray her.-While I thus speak, I fancy that I fee you shooting up into fathers, masters, men of business, teachers, tutors, guardians of youth, phyficians, lawyers, divines, magiftrates, judges, legiflators, or to fay the whole at once, into ufeful members of a mighty ftate, through all its various departments, which you may in the progrefs of life be called to fill. When your predeceffors retire from the scene, are unfitted for action, or numbered with the dead, it is you, who muft fupply their places, and carry on the fyftem of human affairs.... Nameless generations will, in no fmall degree, receive their turn and character, confequently their happiness, or mifery, from the conduct, which you shall pursue, and from the principles, which you fhall propagate. If your memories fhould be handed down to future times, you will be bleffed as the benefactors, or execrated as the pefts, of humanity.”

In the fecond addrefs the author explains and inforces the reverence which young men owe to themselves, and points out the temptations by which they are firft feduced from the paths of virtue and honour, and imperceptibly led into vice and debauchery.

VOL. LXIV. 08. 1777.

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The

The following fentiments on the defire of praife, are founded on a juft fenfe of things, and are calculated to infpire a laudable ambition.

It will not, I think, be disputed, that we naturally wish for approbation, and fhrink from contempt; that no man is sufficient for his own happiness; that we are all in fome degree, dependent on each other; and that to live without efteem is to live without utility, and without comfort; that he is an imprudent, I might have faid, a defperate man, who bids defiance to the public; that he who has no regard to reputation is a profigate, or will foon become one; and particularly that, where it is thrown off by a young man, he of all creatures must be the most depraved and infamous. He muft, for this reafon; because he has conquered fo early that fenfe of honour and fhame, which feems, by the appointment of Heaven, to be the most powerful, vivid, and beautiful principle of the yet uncorrupted mind. When this barrier is broken down, what fhall reftrain the vioTence of appetite, or regulate wildnefs of fancy, in him whom experience has not yet taught the inconvenience of yielding himself up to either, and reafon is not yet ftrong enough to act on higher confiderations ?

That the principle I fpeak of fhould frequently be weakened in the progrefs of life, or that men fhould fometimes be hackneyed into infenfibility on this point, as on others, by, travelling the beaten road of the world, cannot appear very strange: but a young man hardened out of his ingenuity, and loft to the feelings of praife and blame, is furely a fort of monster in the creation.

Of fuch unnatural perverfion, of such internal deformity, it is to be hoped the examples are not many. Let me warn you, however, against their influence; it may be more dangerous than you apprehend. Perhaps there was a time, when those very youths could, blush at the thought of vice, and glow with the love of virtue but familiarity with evil debauched their nature, and funk them into the wretches they now are. Fly! my friends, fly their approach! fly the most diftant infection of that young libertine, of that young knave, of that rebellious fon, of that early fcoffer at laws divine and human! Their touch is defilement, their company is difgrace, the very imputation of their acquaintance is infamy..

Such total indifference to honeft fame you abhor: you juftly confider it as the last stage of depravity, and the fure effect either of an abandoned life, or of a fecret confciousness that a man has no claim to the good opinion of his fellow creatures. But are there none of you, gentlemen, whofe ambition refpecting this object is too languid; who are apt to halt in the career of glory;whofe fentiments of honour are not fufficiently alive for the purpose of quickening you to industry, to study, to worthy deeds, and magnanimous exertions; or in whom the perceptions of

fhame

fhame are too feeble to be a prefervative from vice, or a guard to wifdom?

If any fuch now hear me, I can only urge them to contemplate whatever is moft animating and glorious in the precepts, the promises, and the examples of fcripture; in the highest characters recorded by hiftory, and the fairest models exhibited by philofophy, eloquence, and poetry; to affociate with young men of true fpirit, and diftinguished reputation; to cultivate the esteem of the worthieft perfons of either fex; and to pray that the Being "from whom cometh down every good and perfect gift," would infpire them with a lively fenfe of the best and greatest things.'

The reader will be amufed with our author's description of ⚫ an amiable and uncorrupted youth seriously in love.'

• He will contemplate her idea with a kind of religious reverence. To dwell upon it without interruption or disturbance, he will often fteal away into folitude. In the hurry of business, his thoughts will fly to her, as the only creature whose approbation can crown his fuccefs at last, or whofe company can relieve his cares for the prefent. In the midst of amusement he is for the most part filent, abfent, unamufed, fees nothing, hears nothing, is impatient to be gone, that he may gaze on her looks, and liften to her voice; all other faces appearing to him without allurement, in comparison, and all other mufic dull. Among frangers he has little or no joy, because he cannot talk of her virtues, graces, and accomplishments. To expatiate on these is his highest indulgence, in converfing with his friends. If they attend to her praife with good-nature, he is particularly gratified: if they affent to it with marks of lively applaufe, they oblige, and delight him beyond conception; he is all fluency, vivacity, rapture. If any of them should, on the contrary, prefume to depreciate her character, or decry her talents, he would be fhocked to the foul; nor could any former intimacy or kindnefs excufe in his eyes fo grofs an affront. In her fuperior prefence he is always modelt and refpe&ful, often timid and embarraffed. The very fame perfon, who is on her fubject eloquent to others, is at times incapable of uttering a word to herfelf, and can only exprefs the veneration he feels for her by his looks, his fighs, and his confufion. In this fituation he is penetrated with a fentiment alike refined and interefting. That bold fuitor who appears confident of fucceeding with the perfon he addreffes, and was never fweetly bashful in her company, is not a lover, but a fenfualift, or a mere pretender who plays his part for fome felfish purpose. The young man I now defcribe, dreads, as the greatest misfortune that could befall him, offending the woman of his heart; whilft he confiders her esteem not only as the fureit proof of virtue on his fide, but as its nobleft reward in this world. He would fhrink at the thought of hurting her delicacy by any thing in his behaviour, language, or

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appear.