shall see something of its splendour; when that attention shall be directed to her, which is wasted on the trifles of European diplomacy; it will be remembered with surprise, that objects of such interest as those here presented were so long overlooked.

If we can form any anticipations concerning the parts of the world where Divine Providence will display itself with peculiar glory, we certainly may predict, from the many advantages possessed by South America, that she is destined. to a futurity of extraordinary splendour.

It is not our best policy to confine our views to Europe. We learn erroneous lessons by the sole study of the old world. Among other things, to see, as we do there, the ignorant and turbulent often exhibiting themselves on the side of freedom, is calculated to diminish our respect for their cause. The picture is reversed when we turn our view to South America. Here we find the contest for freedom waged by the intelligent and liberal against the debased enemies of knowledge and virtue. The friends of arbitrary power are not here, as often in Europe, men of noble character and enlarged views; but the narrow-minded and the corrupt. We may rest assured, that if we would impress our minds with the evils of popular ignorance, vice, and aspiring ambition; and on the other hand with the advantages of freedom, knowledge, and virtue, we can best do it by contemplating living examples and scenes. The eloquence of history is tame, compared with that of passing events. Our ancestors of the older or later periods could never have derived their deadly hostility to oppression, in all its forms, from books; and if we trust to reading and lectures on liberty, we must not expect to think very clearly, or to feel very strongly on the subject. We must behold the toils and trials of liberty in our continent; we must call to the intelligent patriots of the South, to recount their sacrifices and sufferings, and to show their scars.

From such men, invocations to patriotism and virtue come with a force which none can resist. We feel ashamed when reminded of our criminal indifference, by their warm eloquence and active labours. We wonder why we can have set so lightly by the example of our fathers, when we find many of their own principles on the lips of a new race. We feel dishonoured by our local views and party animosities, when we hear these strangers, still students in the school of practice, uttering noble American principles, and

labouring not for themselves, not even for their country alone, but for the western continent and the world.

In bringing our remarks to a conclusion, we must repeat the conviction, that the citizens of the United States are bound by every consideration, to take the deepest interest in the state of their brethren of the southern portion of this western hemisphere, and to furnish them all the assistance in their power, in the arduous work in which they are engaged. Their local vicinity seems to give them a first claim upon our regard, and gives us in many respects a common concern with them; while their contest for those republican principles which they have learned from us, seems almost to identify their interests with ours.

We are primarily bound, no doubt, to guard the political institutions we enjoy, and to perfect, as far as we are able, their operation. Whether we would promote the good of our fellow-citizens, or of those southern countries, this is unquestionably a primary duty. Our existence as a free and prosperous nation, under the constitution we possess, is the most powerful argument which can be presented to our brethren of the south to imitate us. It was this practical example which induced them to enter on the career of improvement, and which has encouraged them at every stage of their progress. But we should not content ourselves with this alone. They need much direct assistance in accomplishing what they aim at. They cannot acquire the art of managing a republic, without much study. However simple it may appear to us, trained as we have been to a familiar acquaintance with all its details, it abounds in mysteries and difficulties to the unexperienced. Might we not second their efforts to obtain information concerning our political principles, the operations of our system, and the details of our society? Might we not employ some of our numberless presses and of our capable writers, in furnishing the books necessary in their colleges and schools? Might not some of our experienced instructers find a vast field of usefulness in teaching there the plans of organizing schools, and in diffusing that knowledge which is so eagerly desired, and which is there applied to immediate use? Our own political institutions are based on the intelligence and virtue of the people; and we have around us a thousand evidences of the tendency of education to raise the standard of intellect and morals, to multiply and perpetuate the means of happiness. How strong, VOL. I.

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then, are the motives which urge us to spread through Southern America, in this forming period of its character, those enlightened and virtuous principles, in which alone a sure basis for permanent national prosperity can be laid!

ART. IV. EFFICACY OF THE WORD OF GOD.

By REV. LEONARD WOODS, D. D., Abbott Professor of Christian Theology, Andover, Mass.

THE object of this communication is, to illustrate the value of the Word of God, from a consideration of its salutary influence.

This method of estimating the value of God's word, is evidently just, and corresponds with our practice in judging of all other things, which we consider as means. If we would estimate the value of any particular object in the natural world—say, for example, the value of gold or silver, or the value of food or medicine,—we take into account all the good effects resulting from it, and the useful purposes which it may be made to answer. It is unquestionably right to proceed in the same way, when we judge of things in the moral world. To take a distinguished instance, we inquire, what is the value of Christ's death, the most important event related in the history of the divine administration? To satisfy ourselves on this point, we take into view the benevolent ends to be accomplished by that event,-the important and glorious consequences which will flow from it, in regard to the character and government of God, and the eternal condition of his people.

The kind of efficacy belonging to the word of God, is doubtless similar, in a general view, to the efficacy of any other instrumental or dependent cause. That BEING, "of whom are all things," has seen fit, in his infinite wisdom, to appoint a connexion between means and ends,-between causes and effects. This constituted connexion, both in the natural and moral world, is uniform and certain, in the sense in which it was appointed. In consequence of this divine arrangement, power to produce the effect, becomes, in a dependent sense, a real attribute of the cause, and efficacy to accomplish the end, an attribute of the means. It truly

belongs to it, and, because the divine will so ordains, makes a part of its nature.

The word of God, considered as an instrumental cause, has a most manifest fitness to produce its effects; and so its effects flow from it in a manner which is in a good degree obvious ;-obvious, I mean, to those who have become properly acquainted with the nature of the subject. Considering man to be a rational and moral being, we perceive that such must be the tendency of God's word; and such must be its actual effect, unless its proper influence is prevented by some evil counteraction from without, or from within. See how clearly this principle is illustrated by the parable of the sower! We know that the seed sown has a natural tendency to vegetate and produce a crop; but, that it may actually have this effect, it must be sown in a suitable soil, and be attended with other circumstances favourable to its growth. If it be sown on stony ground, or among thorns, or by the wayside, where the fowls will devour it, the good effect will be prevented. In like manner, when the divine word is presented to the minds of men, their moral state may be such, and generally is such, that the proper effect will be prevented. But if there be no hinderance, no counteracting cause; if the truth meets with "an honest and good heart," as "the seed that fell on good ground," its salutary effects are certain. Its own proper nature and tendency are unalterable; but in order to its actual efficacy, the influence of other causes must be added, and obstacles removed. This circumstance does not detract, in any degree, from the importance or certainty of the connexion between divine truth and its proper effect, in the minds of men. It only shows more clearly the real nature and conditions of that connexion.

But while the beneficial effects produced by the word of God are thus emphatically asserted, far be it from the writer, or the reader, to supersede or overlook the momentous Scripture doctrine of the special and supernatural influence of the Holy Spirit. Indeed, the very fact that the truth is the means of actually producing such effects, brings the divine agency directly into view. Here we see that agency; for the Spirit of God produces its holy fruits in this very way. He operates through divine truth. The connexion between the word of God and its saving effects, is as much owing to his will and agency, as the existence of the Bible

or of the soul. The apostle makes a clear distinction between the mere influence of the truth and of those who preach it, and that divine influence which "gives the increase." The saving effects of divine truth would no more take place without the sanctifying Spirit, than the world would come into existence without a Creator. They result as really and as manifestly from his agency, as if he produced them without any means whatever. In fact, we are to consider the whole system of means, both in the natural and moral world, as designed and adapted, not to set aside or conceal the constant agency of God, but to bring it clearly into view, and so to make us acquainted with that glorious Being, on whom all causes and effects ultimately depend, and who, in a manner perfectly suited to the nature of created beings, "worketh all in all."

In attempting to illustrate the happy efficacy of divine truth, I shall have recourse, first of all, to the sacred volume, and, secondly, to the facts which occur in the experience of intelligent Christians.

Little need be said, in addition to the remarks already made, to illustrate the nature of that influence which the truth exerts, because it is what we learn from our own experience it is a matter of consciousness. The whole efficacy of the truth takes place in the mind, and consists in the thoughts, apprehensions, feelings and determinations, which the mind itself has. For the truth to enlighten the mind, is for the mind itself so to contemplate the truth, as to have spiritual light or knowledge. For the word of God to convert the soul, is for the soul itself to turn from sin to God, in view of divine truth, and under its influence. And generally for the truth to exert sanctifying power over the mind, is for the mind itself so to contemplate divine truth, as to have right thoughts and right emotions, and to advance in holiness. Thus the efficacy of divine truth relates directly and specially to our agency, that is, to the operations of our own minds. Or it may be still more just to say, that the influence of the truth appears in the acts which the mind itself puts forth while the truth is before it, and is to be judged of altogether by those acts.

The efficacy of God's word is conspicuous in the conviction and conversion of sinners. This is set forth in a very striking manner in the nineteenth Psalm. The writer here uses such strength and copiousness of style, and such reite