anything dipped and softened in liquor, e.g. St. ABBEY PIECES (5th S. vi. 69.)-The thin brass and copper counters or jettons were made, chiefly on the Continent, during the fourteenth and succeeding centuries. As their name implies, they were commonly used for the purpose of arithmetical calculation, to cast up accounts, &c. This was done by placing the counters on a prepared board, divided by parallel lines into places for units, tens, hundreds, &c. These jettons are frequently called "abbey pieces," from the circumstance that large numbers of them are found among the ruins of abbeys and monastic buildings, where the revenues were large and many accounts had to be cast up. The designs on these pieces are very various, such as crosses with pellets in the angles, globes surmounted by crosses, ships, coats of arms, busts of princes, &c. Many are without legends, and many have inscriptions and dates. They are usually very thin. For illustrations and full descriptions of the different varieties, MR. HYATT should consult Thomas Snelling's View of the Origin, Nature, and Use of Jettons or Counters, especially Black Money and Abbey Pieces, folio, London, 1769. HENRY W. HENFREY. "ALL ON ONE SIDE, LIKE BRIDGENORTH ELECTION (5th S. v. 407, 455; vi. 176.)-H. W. is not quite correct in his reference to the election of 1784. Mr. Isaac Hawkins Browne (not “J. H.”) was a Tory and a supporter of Pitt, and was a candidate in the Apley interest in conjunction with, not in opposition to, Mr. Whitmore. The poll stood thus: Browne 662, Whitmore 646, Pigot 381. Admiral Pigot was a Whig, and held office under the Coalition as a Lord of the Admiralty. Again, after many years, "The promises which he made to the Church of the Baptists. For though he confessed he had been twentyseven years a Black stray Sheep from them, he desired them nevertheless to believe him a white Lamb of their own Fold. He had refused no less than a Bishoprick, which he was offer'd a hundred times. Even a Cardinal's Hat he had refused from the Church of Rome. His ambition lay more for a Pulpit at Wapping, than a Palace at St. Peter's." Chalmers, quoting I believe from Crosby's History of the Baptists, says : "In 1698 or 1699 Oates was restored to his place among the Baptists, from whence he was excluded in a few months as a disorderly person and a hypocrite." In the History of the King-Killers, 1720, Lond., 8vo., ii. 32, it is stated : "Oates was promoted to preach in an Anabaptist meeting in Wapping, where he became so scandalous, that his congregation turned him off. He then went and lived privately in Axe Yard, Westminster, where he died July 12, 1705." EDWARD SOLLY. Sutton, Surrey. Some particulars of this person not found elsewhere will be found in Adam Taylor's History of the English General Baptists, 2 vols. 8vo., 1818, and there is a very rare volume in the Denominational Library at the General Baptist College, Chilwell, Nottingham, entitled Some Letters which passed between Mr. Titus Oates and a Baptist Congregation, sm. 4to., 1694. JAMES READ. Ipswich. THE SOUTHERN CROSS (5th S. v. 145, 295; vi. 11, 53, 131.)-Perhaps the following extract from Notes of a Voyage to Kerguelen Island to observe the Transit of Venus, Dec. 8, 1874, by the Rev. S. J. Perry, F.R.S. (London, 1876), may throw some light on the points under discussion. Mr. Perry is speaking of the voyage from England to the Cape of Good Hope : Mr. Hanbury Tracy was elected against the Apley interest, in 1837; but his triumph was short lived, as he resigned on the presentation of a peti-glowing milky way, and the glorious clusters of stars, all tion against his return, and no opposition was offered to the Tory candidate (Mr. Pigot), whom he had defeated at the general election. The Pigot family adopt the spelling with one t, not two as H. W. writes it. ALFRED B. BEAVEN, M.A. TITUS OATES (5th S. v. 168, 336, 434; vi. 176.) -Some references may be found to this matter in The Life and History of Titus Oates, the Salamanca Doctor, London, 8vo., 1705 : "About 1670 his Parents, imagining that their own Church (Baptists) would not make way for a man of his prodigious parts, submitted to his taking orders in the Church, and screw'd him into a small living at Bobbing, in Kent; soon, in consequence of irregularities, Sir George Moor turned him out of his Family: how he behaved himself when he was translated to Hastings, the records of that place sufficiently testify." "The starry heavens, the moon, Venus, Jupiter, the delighted us for many an hour in the cool evenings of the tropics; but the Southern Cross, that wonder of the heavens, about which poets and poetical astronomers love to sing, oh, what a disappointment! instead of a cross, a badly formed diamond shape; and in place of brilliant stars, only one poor first magnitude star, two of the second or third, and a bad fourth. I watched it night after night; I tried to admire it; I wished to find something in it to praise; but it was always a puzzle to me how any one could bestow on it a passing glance when such constellations as the Centaur and the ship Argo were in view." Mr. Perry is an astronomer of acknowledged high rank. J. S. K. I have not been able to find a better description and diagram of this constellation than are contained in The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema, 1503 to 1508, edited by Dr. Badger for the Hakluyt Society, 1863 (foot-note, pp. 249, 250). Lord Stanley of Alderley is of opinion that Dante may have heard of the Crusero through Marco Polo (see vol. lii., Hakluyt Society, 1874). "Much has been said about this Southern Cross, and most travellers have spoken rapturously of the glories of this constellation. That it is an interesting and beautiful one is undeniable; but one always feels how much more beautiful it would be were it a perfect cross instead of the one-sided affair it really represents, and if & Crucis were a star of equal magnitude with the other three. The beauty of the Southern Cross is really derived from its association with other constellations, and mainly those two magnificent stars of the Centaur which seem to point up to it."-Collingwood's Rambles of a Naturalist on the Shores and Waters of the China Sea, London, 1868, p. 306. J. MANUEL. BRADSHAW THE REGICIDE (5th S. vi. 47, 173.)— The President of the High Court of Justice, John Bradshaw, had undoubtedly brothers. He is said, when a boy, to have written the following quatrain "My brother Frank shall heir the land, My brother Henry shall be at his command; Many years ago, when a boy, an original grant of a pardon to Henry Bradshaw was given to me at Congleton, in Cheshire, which was the place at which John Bradshaw resided. I presented it, not being at that time an appreciator of such treasures or an antiquary, to an old friend in Manchester, who valued it most highly. But this was thirty years since, and I cannot say what was its ultimate fate. It is to be hoped that the parchment now reposes in the collection of some Cheshire or Lancashire antiquary, and has not met with that fate which Horace describes : "Aut tineas pasces taciturnus inertes, Aut fugies Uticam aut vinctus mitteris llerdam." JOHN PICKFORD, ́M.A. Maltby, near Rotherham. THOMAS DOUBLEDAY (5th S. v. 429, 478; vi. 130.)--None, I think, of your correspondents have mentioned Mr. Doubleday's contributions to the Newcastle Fishers' Garlands, which came out annually from 1820 to 1845, and were written by Robert Roxby, Thomas Doubleday, and others. They were reprinted in 1852, those, at least, which were the joint production of Roxby and Doubleday, under the title of Coquetdale Fishing Songs; and finally, in 1864, a reprint of the whole, together with fresh garlands for the years 1846-64 inclusive, was made under the editorship of Mr. Joseph Crawhall (Newcastle-on-Tyne, George Rutland, 8vo. 1864). DAVID HARTLEY (5th S. vi. 29, 117, 177.)Hartley died on Dec. 19, 1813, "after a Life spent in advocating th' abolishing of Slave Trade-for when a Member of the House of Commons, he spoke for 7 hours and 20 Minutes at one Sitting, and Electrified th' House by his brilliant Oratory, and his unflinching advocacy of th' poor Slave's freedom." He was returned for Hull in 1774; in 1780 he was defeated, William Wilberforce on that occasion heading the poll. On a bye election late in the same year he was again elected, and once more suffered defeat in 1784. The Travellers' Guide (1805) says that the experiment of the house (which was built in 1776) was "successful and conclusive." The obelisk was erected in 1786, “on the side of which, toward the road, is an inscription importing that it was erected 120 years after the Fire of London, on the anniversary of that dreadful event, in memory of Hartley's invention." KINGSTON. JOHANNES AMOS COMENIUS (5th S. vi. 29, 170.)— "Coménius (Jean Amos), fameux grammairien et théologien Protestant, au 17° siècle, né en Moravie le 28 Mars, 1592, fut chassé de son pays par l'édit de 1624, qui proscrivoit les ministres de sa communion. Son livre, intitulé Janua Linguarum referata, qu'il publia à Lesna en 1631, in-8, et dont l'édition de 1661, in-8°, est en cinq langues, lui acquit une telle réputation, qu'il fut appellé en Angleterre pour donner une nouvelle forme à tous les cupé à d'autres affaires, Comenius passa en Suède, où colléges; mais lorsqu'il y arriva, le Parlement étant ocLouis de Geer et le Chancelier Oxenstiern le comblèrent de bienfaits. Il voyagea ensuite en Transilvanie et en plusieurs autres pays, proposant partout ses idées nouvelles d'enseigner. Enfin, il se fixa à Amsterdam, Geer, fils de Louis, son principal Mécene, La Nouvelle et y fit imprimer en 1657, aux dépens de Laurent de Méthode, in-fol., ouvrage singulier, dont les idées son impratiquables. Coménius donna ensuite dans le fana tisme, et prétendit avoir trouvé la clef des prophéties de l'Apocalypse. Il fit recueillir avec soin, et publier les visions de Kotterus, de Christine Poniatovia, et de Drabicius....... Il envoya celles de ce dernier à Louis XIV., insinuant à ce prince que Dieu l'avait choisi, non seule ment pour regner en France, mais aussi pour avoir la monarchie universelle du monde. Coménius promettait à ses disciples, par ses visions, le règne des Millénaristes, qu'il assurait devoir commencer en 1672 ou 1673; mais il fut lui-même témoin de la vanité de ses prédictions, et l'eût été de cette dernière s'il ne fût mort à Amsterdam I have reason to believe the story to be much older than my schoolmate. WM. PENGElly. Torquay. PROFANE HYMN TUNES (5th S. v. 367, 495; vi. en 1671, à 80 ans. Outre les écrits ci-dessus, on a encore 58, 137.)-MR. BLENKINSOPP brings a very unfair de lui, Pansophiae prodromus, seu porta sapientia recharge against the Scotch Reformers. He says, ferata, Oxfort, 1637, in-8°; Admonitio de Irenico Irenicorum, Amst., 1660, in-8°; Historia fratrum Boemorum, Hale, 1702, in-4°, et d'autres ouvrages" (Ladvocat, Dic tionnaire Historique, Paris, 1777, i. 427). HIRONDELLE. He was born 1592, some say at Comnia, near Braunau, others at "Ungarisch Brod," in Moravia. In 1614 he was rector at Prerau, 1616 at Fulneck, and became Bishop of the "Moravian Brothers " in 1632. In 1642 he was in England, invited to come there by the Parliament. He led a wandering life, embittered by persecutions of various kinds. But in spite of all his afflictions he strove incessantly to reach his aim, viz., to educate youth for better times. Comenius died, after having enjoyed some calm years, in Amsterdam in 1671. The number of his works amounts to about one hundred. With the kind permission of the editor, I shall give some time a full account of Comenius's life and works. THEODOR MARX. Ingenheim, Germany. COST OF PRINTING (5th S. vi. 89.)-I read in Histoire de l'Imprimerie et des Arts et Professions qui se rattachent à la Typographie, by P. Lacroix, Ed. Fournier, and F. Seré (Paris, Ad. Delahays), 4to., p. 107 : "J'estime (écrit M. Crapelet) qu'il n'y a pas un volume in-folio composé de 200 à 250 feuillets qui n'ait coûté au moins 12,000 ou 15,000 francs (480l. to 6004.) de frais déboursés par Robert Estienne, et les in-4°, 8,000 à 10,000 francs (320l. to 4007.), selon la nature de la composition. La Bible in-fol. de 1540, qui contient 425 feuillets d'impression avec additions marginales, a dû employer la valeur actuelle de 25,000 francs (1,000l.), pour frais de main-d'œuvre et de papier, toujours en supposant 500 exemplaires, mais sans tenir compte des frais accessoires." The book, which is full of curious cuts and fine chromolithographs, contains many other details of a similar interest. HENRI GAUSSERON. "They hit upon the plan of providing profane songs to be sung to the old Church melodies," whereas the reverse was the case. The Reformers certainly found the people very much attached to their old songs, and "hit upon the plan" of providing "gude and godly" songs to be sung to the same tunes. About the year 1590 a collection of these pieces was printed at Edinburgh by one Andro Hart, under the title A Compendious Book of Godly and Spiritual Songs, collected out of Sundrie Parts of the Scripture, with Sundrie of other Ballads changed out of Prophane Songs for avoiding of Sinne and Harlotrie. Other reprints followed, sometimes called Gude and Godly Ballads. I transcribe a specimen : "John, come kiss me now, By grace celestial. SIR ARTHUR DE CAPELL BROOKE'S "TRAVELS IN SPAIN AND MOROCCO" (5th S. vi. 69.)-The following observations on polygamy, from vol. ii. p. 143, of Sir Arthur Brooke's book, verify the statement which MR. BLAIR inquires about : unless my memory plays me false, will be found in Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. American Independence: Did the Colonists desire "Surely this is a case where the general march of intellect and the heavy disabilities under which so many of his Majesty's fair subjects labour cry loudly for a more liberal line of policy than the present narrow-minded and old-fashioned system, hitherto pursued with such mistaken consistency, of limiting a man to one wife, and thereby cutting off so many poor superfluous females from the chance of ever getting a husband. The rights of the sex, common justice, and even morality itself require, indeed, that some relief should be afforded, not dealt out with a sparing hand, but liberally, and free from any restraints or fetters except those of Hymen In this reprint from the New England Historical A measure which would legalize a plurality of wives, and place the sex at least on an equal footing with their Ma- and Genealogical Register, the two letters from hometan sisterhood, would not only be of incalculable Jay and Adams are of interest. They answer the benefit to the nation by arousing its energies, but would query, Did the American colonists desire to be be received with gratitude by so fair and deserving a por-independent of the British Crown? The date of tion of our fellow subjects." CHARLES W. SUTTON. Brooks's Bar, Manchester. AUTOGRAPH OF SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS (5th S. vi. 88.)—I have a book said to be from the library of Sir Joshua Reynolds; it is Evelyn's Sculptura, or the History and Art of Chalcography, 12mo., old marbled calf, 1662. Like MR. CRAGGS's book, this has the name of "J. Reynolds" written at the right upper corner of the title-page, and in addition has just below the name a small square sort of book-mark-" SR IR"-impressed with a stamp such as is sometimes used for marking linen. I remember having seen some books from Mr. Thackeray's library marked with a stamp in a similar manner. G. D. T. Huddersfield. both letters (correcting assertions in Botta's Italian History of the American Revolution) is 1821. They are addressed to the translator, Mr. Otis, of Philadelphia. Jay writes : Explicit Professions and Assurances of Allegiance and Loyalty to the Sovereign (especially since the accession of King William), and of affection for the mother Country, abound in the Journals of the colonial Legisearly Periods to the second Petition of congress in 1775. latures, and of the congresses and conventions, from "If those Professions and Assurances were sincere, they afford Evidence more than sufficient to invalidate the charge of our desiring and aiming at Independence. "If, on the other hand, those Professions and Assuthe world an unprecedented Instance of long-continued, rances were factitious and deceptive, they present to concurrent, and detestable Duplicity in the colonies. Our country does not deserve this odious and disgusting Imputation. During the course of my Life, and until after the second Petition of congress (in 1775), I never did hear any American of any class, or of any Description, express a wish for the Independence of the colonies. "Few Americans had more or better means and I have Sandeart, Academia Artis Pictoriæ; on the flyleaf before frontispiece (on which is printed Academia picture erudita) is Sir Joshua's autograph, a rather scratchy one, but quite legible, Opportunities of becoming acquainted with the Sentiwith the ink turned brown; it is simply "J. Rey-ments and Disposition of the colonists relative to public nolds," and underneath it is the impression of a square stamp with the letters "SR JR." Some of the engraved heads in the book are very fine, and the work is scarce. I bought it at Puttick & Co.'s, oddly enough in Reynolds's own painting room, unless it has been rebuilt. I do not think the autograph added anything to the value of the book, for in Bohn's book of prints it is priced at 21. 18s., and I only gave 21. 78. for it, autograph and all. C. A. WARD. CURIOUS ERRORS CAUSED BY HOMONYMY (5th S. iv. 483; v. 155, 211; vi. 111, 199.)-MONS. BELJAME will find that the o in hora is long. T. J. A. affairs than the late Doct' Franklin. In a letter to his son, dated the 22 March, 1775, he relates a conversation which he had with Lord Chatham in the preceding opinion prevailing in England, that America aimed at month of August. His Lordship having mentioned an setting up for itself as an independent State, the Doct thus expressed himself. "I assured him, that having more than once travelled almost from one End of the continent to the other, and kept a great variety of company, eating, drinking, and conversing with them freely, I never had heard, in any Conversation, from any Person, drunk or sober, the that such a Thing would be advantageous to America.' least Expression of a wish for a Separation; or a Hint "It does not appear to me necessary to enlarge further on this subject. It has always been, and still is, my Opinion and Belief, that our country was prompted and impelled to Independence by necessity and not by AUTHORS AND QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vi. choice. They who know how we were then circum69.) "Whence did the wondrous mystic art arise," &c., stanced, know from whence that necessity resulted." Adams writes : "It is true there always existed in the Colonies a desire of Independence of Parliament, in the articles of internal Taxation, and Internal policy; and a very general if not a universal opinion, that they were Constitutionally entitled to it, and as general a determination if possible, to maintain, and defend it-but there never existed a desire of Independence of the Crown, or of general regulations of Commerce, for the equal and impartial benefit of all parts of the Empire.-It is true there might be times and circumstances in which an Individual, or few Individuals, might entertain and express a wish that America was Independent in all respects, but these were 'rari nantes in gurgite vasto.' For example in one thousand seven hundred and fifty six, seven, and eight, the conduct of the British Generals Shirley, Braddock, Loudon, Webb and Abercromby was so absurd, disastrous, and distructive, that a very general opinion prevailed that the War was conducted by a mixture of Ignorance, Treachery and Cowardice, and some persons wished we had nothing to do with Great Britain for ever. Of this number I distinctly remember, I was myself one, fully believing that we were able to defend ourselves against the French and Indians, without any assistance or embarrassment from Great Britain. In fifty eight and fifty nine, when Amherst and Wolfe changed the fortune of the War, by a more able and faithful conduct of it, I again rejoiced in the name of Britain, and should have rejoiced in it, to this day, had not the King and Parliament committed high Treason and Rebellion against America as soon as they had conquered Canada, and made Peace with France. That there existed a general desire of Independence of the Crown in any part of America before the Revolution, is as far from the truth, as the Zenith is from the Nadir. That the encroaching disposition of Great Britain was early foreseen by many wise men, in all the States, would one day attempt to enslave them, by an unlimited submission to Parliament, and rule them with a rod of Iron; that this attempt would produce resistance on the part of America, and an awful struggle was also foreseen but dreaded and deprecated as the greatest Calamity that could be fal them. For my own part, there was not a moment during the Revolution, when I would not have given every thing I possessed for a restoration to the State of things before the Contest began, provided we could have had any sufficient security for its continuance. I always dreaded the Revolution as fraught with ruin, to me and my family, and indeed it has been but little better." Library of Spiritual Works for English Catholics. (Rivingtons.) SEPARATE, in five small, dark coloured, neatly bound The Bonny Kate: a Story of Adventure. By the Rev. manner so stirring and graphic that all must derive pleasure from reading it, particularly at the present crisis in the East. Mr. Belcher's concluding chapter is taken up with the battle of Lepanto, fought in 1571: as Kingsley calls that other great engagement, fought within seventeen years, the Salamis of Spain, so Mr. Belcher describes this one as the Salamis of the Turks. THE LIBRARY AT THE PATENT OFFICE.-The Times writes:-"Besides the Publishing Department, there is a part of the office devoted to a library, which, by the efforts of Mr. Woodcroft and Mr. Prosser, the library clerk, has been brought to a really high standard of excellence. It is specially rich in works illustrating the early history of invention, and is also well supplied with scientific works, foreign as well as English. It is also free to all comers, and, indeed, claims the distinction of being the first absolutely free library opened in London." THE Rev. Orby Shipley indignantly denounces as false and malicious the report that he had joined the Church of Rome. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. J. BOUCHIER. The printer suggests that you should keep your numbers as long as possible before binding, so that they may become thoroughly dry. Drying by the fire is not advisable. of the name is still Tedbury, and that a farmer in the "TET."-L. C. R. says that the common pronunciation called Tidcombe, his name being Titcombe. neighbourhood (some thirty years ago) was commonly ANON.-Numerous references to the Rowe families of Somerset and Devon, as well as to individuals of the name, will be found in the four General Indexes of "N. & Q." "GIPSIES: TINKLERS," &c.-It must be understood that this subject is definitively closed. F. H. NASH (Dublin) should write to the Gardeners' Chronicle. for the past and present years, of female names being applied as he mentions. J. H. COOKE will find several instances in "N. & Q.," F. S. A. (oil painting) is requested to send his name and address. been anticipated; see ante, pp. 57, 117. J. Q. and T. S. NORGATE ("Hesiod: Homer") have BATHONIAN.-As soon as possible. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher "-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return com. munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. A REAL SUMMER DELICACY-ROSE'S LIME JUICE CORDIAL mixed with water, or as an effervescing drink, in soda or potash, cooling and refreshing, or blended with spirits, it supplies a delightful and invigorating stimulant, sustaining exertion and extremely wholesome Sold everywhere. Purchasers should be careful to order Rose's Lime Juice Cordial, all others being imitations.-Wholesale Stores, 11, Curtain Road, Finsbury,-[ADVERTISEMENT.] |