At p. 8. 1. 24. In the first place, I own that I have ufed my best endeavours to the finishing these pieces. That I made what advantage I could of the judgment of authors dead and living; and that I omitted no means in my power to be informed of my errors by my friends and my enemies. And that I expect no favour on account of my youth, business, want of health, or any fuch idle excufes. But the true reason they are not yet more correct is owing to the confideration how fhort a time they, and I, have to live. A man that can expect but fixty years, may be ashamed to employ thirty in meafuring fyllables, and bringing fenfe and rhyme together. We fpend our youth in purfuit of riches or fame, in hopes to enjoy them when we are old; and when we are old, we find it too late to enjoy any thing. I therefore hope the Wits will pardon me, if I referve fome of my time to fave my foul; and that fome wife men will be of my opinion, even if I should think a part of it better spent in the enjoyments of life, than in pleasing the critics.

PAS

PASTORAL S,

WITH A

DISCOURSE ON PASTORAL.

Written in the Year MDCCIV.

"Rura mihi et rigui placeant in vallibus amnes, "Flumina amem, fylvafque, inglorius !"

THE Paftorals were written at the age of fixteen, and then paffed through the hands of Mr. Walsh, Mr. Wycherley, G. Granville, afterwards Lord Lanfdown, Sir William Trumbal, Dr. Garth, Lord Halifax, Lord Somers, Mr. Maynwaring, and others. All thefe gave our Author the greatest encouragement, and particularly Mr. Walsh, whom Mr. Dryden, in his Poftfcript to Virgil, calls the best Critic of his age. "The Author (fays he) seems to have a particular "genius for this kind of Poetry, and a judgment that ❝ much exceeds his years. He has taken very freely "from the Ancients. But what he has mixed of his "own with theirs is no way inferior to what he has "taken from them. It is not flattery at all to fay, that "Virgil had written nothing fo good at his Age. His "Preface is very judicious and learned." Letter to Mr. Wycherley, Apr. 1705. The Lord Lanfdown about the fame time, mentioning the youth of our Poet, fays (in a printed Letter of the Character of Mr. Wycherley), "that if he goes on as he has begun in "his Paftoral way, as Virgil firft tried his ftrength, we

may hope to fee English Poetry vie with the Ro"man," &c. Notwithstanding the early time of their production, the Author esteemed these as the most correct in the verfification, and musical in the numbers, of all his works. The reafon for his labouring them into fo much softness, was, doubtlefs, that this fort of poetry derives almoft its whole beauty from a natural eafe of thought and fmoothness of verfe; whereas that of moft other kinds confifts in the ftrength and fullness of both. In a letter of his to Mr. Walsh about this time, we find an enumeration of feveral niceties in Verfification, which perhaps have never been ftrictly obferved in any English poem, except in these Paftorals. They were not printed till 1709.

A

DISCOURSE.

ON

PASTORAL POETRY*.

T

HERE are not, I believe, a greater number of any fort of verfes than of thofe which are called Paftorals; nor a smaller, than of those which are truly fo. It therefore feems neceffary to give some account of this kind of Poem, and it is my design to comprize in this fhort paper the fubftance of those numerous differtations the Critics have made on the subject, without omitting any of their rules in my own favour. You will alfo find fome points reconciled, about which they seem to differ, and a few remarks, which, I think, have efcaped their obfervation.

The original of Poetry is afcribed to that Age which fucceeded the creation of the world: and as the keeping of flocks feems to have been the firft employment of mankind, the most ancient fort of Poetry was probably Pastoral †. It is natural to imagine, that the leifure of those ancient fhepherds admitting and inviting fome diverfion, none was fo proper to that folitary

*Written at fixteen years of age.

+ Fontenelle's Difc. on Paftorals.

VOL. I.

C

and