4. Subordination in the Harem,

188

and Consequences,

5. Distinction between Wives and Concubines,

6. Substitution of Monogamy for Polygamy. Its Causes

7. Position of Women among the Romans, and in Modern

8. Chastity in Women,

9. Chastity in Men,

10. Grounds of this Distinction,

12. Grounds of the Severity exercised towards Women for

188

189

190

191

193

Breaches of Chastity,

198

13. Failure of this Severity to accomplish its Object. True

15. Grounds of the Liberty allowed to Married Women in
such Communities,

202

16. That Liberty not extended to the Unmarried, and why, 204
17. Position of Women in the Northern States of America.
Societies for Moral Reform, .

6. Disciples of this Doctrine in all Ages and Countries,
7. Tendency to an Alliance between Asceticism and Self-
sacrifice,

211

211

8. Mystic Doctrines on the Subject of Chastity,
9. War of the Poets against the Ascetics,

212

214

10. Superior Justice towards Women, of Ascetic-mystic

Morals,

214

CHAPTER VII.

MUTUAL DUTIES OF RELATIVES, FRIENDS, INFEriors, Su-

PERIORS, ENEMIES, AND STRANGERS.

1. Parents and Children,

215

2. Why the Tie of Blood appears less strong in Civilized

3. Other Effects of an enlarged Sphere of the Sentiment

of Benevolence,

217

4. Duties of Friendship. Their Origin,

217

5. Breaches of the Duty of Friendship, esteemed more

criminal than Breaches of the Duty of Love, and why,

6. Duties to Superiors,

218

220

7. Respect due from the Young to the Old,

8. Grounds and Measure of the Respect due to those above

220

221

221

us,

9. Gallantry towards Women. Its Origin and Extent,

10. Duties of Superiors to Inferiors,

11. Remarkable Difference between Codes of Law and

Codes of Morals as to the Extent of the Right of

Property,

12. Duty of Munificence, or Liberality,

13. Duty of Charity. Pity,

14. Distinction between Pity and Sympathy,

15. Women peculiarly susceptible to Pity,

222

222

223

224

225

16. Almsgiving,

225

17. Duty to Enemies. Forgiveness, Candor, or Charity in

18. Right of making War. Practicability of its Extinguish-

ment,

4. Cruel Customs thence arising. Torture, Cannibalism,

Mutilation,

233

5. Political and Religious Cruelties. Hatred of Innovators, 234

6. Slow Progress of Freedom of Inquiry,

235

7. What are esteemed Duties of Sympathy often in Con-

DUTIES TO GOD, OR RELIGIOUS DUTIES.

1. Mystic Idea of God. Consequences thence Resulting, 240

2. Current Theology modified and determined by current

4. Different Images under which God is represented. Cor-

responding Ideas of Religious Duty,

242

5. Philosophical Idea of God, Controversy between the

Philosophers and the Mystics,

243

12. Want of Faith complained of by recent Moralists. Their

4. Decisions of Common Sense on Questions of Morals,

254

с

PART THIRD.

CONNEXION BETWEEN HAPPINESS AND VIRTUE, AND
MEANS OF PROMOTING BOTH.

CHAPTER I.

CONNEXION BETWEEN HAPPINESS AND Virtue.

1. Two Aspects of this Question: first, as respects Com-
munities; second, as respects Individuals,

255

2. Sets of Circumstances upon which Happiness is de-
pendent,

255

3. Effect of an Increase of Virtue on the Happiness of a
Community,

256

6. Nature of the Distinction between the Right and the

7. Injustice and Danger of supposing Happiness and Vir-
tue to be inseparable,

260

8. That Doctrine partially true .of ordinary Virtue; not

1. By increasing the average Force of the Sentiment of

2. Development of Moral Character in Children,

3. Coöperating Motives. Good and Bad Children,

4. Developement of Moral Character in Youth and Man-

263

263

264

5. Classification of Mankind into Good and Bad, Conscien-
tious and Unprincipled,

266

6. How this Means operates as to individual Actions,
7. Increase of the average Force of Benevolence a Means
at once conservative and reformative,

267

267

8. First Means of increasing the Force of the Sentiment
of Benevolence,- Exercise, Habit,

268

9. Second Means, — Alleviation of counteracting Pains,
10. Why Civilization is considered favorable to Virtue and
Happiness. Celebrated Paradox of Rousseau, .
11. Commencement of a great social Revolution,
12. That Revolution still in Progress,

269

270

271

272