administration of, 554; banishment and
death of, 553; 594 sq.; 597 sqq.
Menshikoff, Maria, 552; 554
Menzini, Benedetto, Italian poet, 69
Mercator, Gerard, 716

Mercy, Claudius Florimund, Count, Aus-
trian field-marshal, 425

Mereczko, Peter the Great at, 596
Mesnager, Nicolas, French diplomatist, 420;
430; 432; 439

Messina, naval battle off, 162

Methuen, John, ambassador extraordinary
to Portugal, 412

Sir Paul, English ambassador to
Spain, 378; 412

Treaty, the, 412

Metz, Parlement of, 4; 48; 413
Meuse river, campaign on, 406 sq.
Mexico, 375; Spanish rule in, 681 sqq.;
688; Indian slavery in, 692
Michael, King of Poland, election of, 41;
350 sq.; 353; death of, 354

Romanoff, Tsar, election of, 502;
503; 506; 516 sq.

Michanowich, Charles XII at, 598
Middelburg, Prince William III of Orange
at, 155; 756

Middleton, John, first Earl of Middleton,

281 sqq.

Milan, and the Spanish Succession, 383 sq.;
388 sqq.; 398; 402; 407

Convention of, 415; 417; 450
Milaslovski, Ivan, and the conspiracy
against Peter the Great, 522

Milton, John, Spanish translations of, 69;

81; 116; early poems of, 117; travels
of, 118; prose works of, 119 sq.; later
poems of, 120 sqq.; Dryden and, 125;
132; 253; 263; 271

Minas Geraes, created a captaincy, 678
Mincio river, crossed by Prince Eugene, 402
Minden, bishopric of, 642

Minin, Kuzma, Russian anti-Polish leader,
502

Minorca, 411; capture of, 426; 444
Minszka, Maria, consort of the Pretender
Dimitri, 548

Mirandola, duchy of, 451

Mittau, 556; captured by the Russians, 594
Mniszech, Marina, betrothed to the Russian
Pretender, 497; 499

Modena, Francis II, Duke of, 403
Mörs, countship of, 668

Mohács, battle of, 52, 357

Mohammad II, Sultan of Turkey, 361

IV, Sultan of Turkey, 36; 343;
makes war on Poland, 353; and France,
355; and Austria, 359; 364; 367; 369
Mohileff, Charles XII at, 598
Moldavia, 339; Turkey and, 344
Hospodar of, 604

Molière, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin de, 65;
67 sq.; 128 sq.

Molina, Conde de, Spanish ambassador in
England, 214

Molinos, Michael de, and Quietism, 88
Moluccas, the, revolt in, 696
Molyneux, William, 320; and the Dublin
Philosophical Society, 740

Monck, George, Duke of Albemarle. See
Albemarle

Mondelheim, Marlborough at, 409
Mondevergue, Marquis de, in Madagascar,

703

Monemvasia, surrender of, 365
Monjuich, capture of, 416
Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of, 101;
134; 207; 212; banished to Holland, 225;
226; and the Green Ribbon Club, 229;
exiled, 229; 230; invades England, 232;
execution of, ib.; at Bothwell Bridge,
285 sq.; and Argyll's invasion of Scot-
land, 289; 306; 334; 654

Mons, besieged by the French, 45, 164 sq.;
59; 63; 422; captured by the Allies,
425 sq.;
the Barrier Treaties and, 458
Montagu, Charles, Earl of Halifax. See
Halifax

Edward, Earl of Sandwich. See

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, influence
of, on French literature, 64 sqq.
Montauban, de, in Madagascar, 703
Montcassel, battle at, 162 sq.
Montecuculi, Raimondo, Count, Imperialist

general, 44; 341; defeats Rákóczy, 344;
campaign of against the Turks, 345 sqq.;
353; death of, 360; 366; 369
Montes Claros, battle of, 34; 105
Montespan, Françoise-Athénaïs, Marquise
de, 19 sq.; 23; 31

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron
de la Brède et de, 2; 275
Montezuma, 380

Montmollin, George de, Chancellor of
Neuchâtel, 449

Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orléans,
Duchesse de (la Grande Mademoiselle),

Morley, George, Bishop of Winchester,

334 sq.

Morosini, Francesco, Venetian general, 348;
365

Morozoff, Boris, and the Tsar Alexis, 517
Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Durham, 328
Moscow, origin and growth of, 477 sqq.;
480 sq.; 483; Patriarchate of, 484, 506;
487; and the Oprichnina, 490; 492;
burnt (1571), 493; 499; besieged, 500 sq.;
Poles driven out of, 502; Polish attack
on, 504; 508; foreigners in, 511, 513,
517; rising in, 515; 516; education in,
529; improvements in, 530 sq.; 534;
Catharine crowned at, 548; Peter II
crowned at, 554; 556; 587; the Academy
of Sciences at, 741

Moser, Johann Jacob, 762

Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von, 760
Mountcashel, Justin MacCarthy, Viscount,
312

Mountjoy, William Stewart, first Viscount,
309

Mstislavski, Prince Ivan, 491; 496 sqq.
Münster, 42; war of, with the United
Provinces, 157 sq.; 161

Treaty of, 52, 166, 675
Bishop of. See Galen
Sebastian, 493

Muggleton, Lodowick, 330

Mullingar, Ginkel at, 317

Mundinus, physician, 724

Munkács, 366; surrender of, 367

Murcia, lost by the Allies, 419

Murray, Robert, and a national bank, 266
Muscovy Company of England, 513
Musin-Pushkin, Ivan, Count, 530
Mustafa II, Sultan, 369 sq.

Myngs, Sir Christopher, English vice-
admiral, 190

Naarden, capture of, 161

Nadasdy, Francis, and the Hungarian
conspiracy, 351 sq.

Namur, captured by the French, 60, 261;
taken by William III, 62, 661; 63;
263; 422; 450; the Barrier Treaties
and, 457 sqq.

Nansen, Hans, Burgomaster of Copen-
hagen, 559

Nantes, Revocation of the Edict of, 18;
21 sqq.; England and, 50; 51 sqq.; 57;
87; 166; James II and, 233; 654
Napier of Merchiston, John, 708 sqq.
Naples, Louis XIV and, 53; Milton in,
118; 402; insurrection in, 403; 417;
captured by the Imperialists, 419; 422;
450; the Tsarevich at, 539; the Academia
Secretorum Naturae of, 740

and Sicily, kingdom of, and the
Spanish Succession, 383 sq., 389; and
the Grand Alliance (1701), 398
Napoli, death of Morosini at, 365
Narbrough, Sir John, English admiral,
171

955

Naruishkin, Alexis, founder of iron-works
in Russia, 533

Narva, siege of, 537, 591; 547; battle of,
588 sq., 666; 631

Nassau, Prince Maurice of. See Orange
Nassau-Dietz, Albertina Agnes, Countess of,
daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of
Orange, 668

Henry Casimir, Prince of, Hereditary
Stadholder of Friesland, 150; 164 sq.
John William, Prince of. See Orange,
John William Friso, Prince of

William Frederick, Prince of, Heredi-
tary Stadholder of Friesland, 143 sq.; 150
Nassau-Orange, House of, 449

Nassau-Siegen, Prince Joan Maurice of,
150; 153; 674 sq.

Natalia, Grand Duchess of Russia, 553; 555
Tsaritsa, 516 sq.; 519

Nauplia, taken by the Venetians, 365
Neander, Joachim, pietist, 757

Nebel river, and the battle of Blenheim, 410
Neerwinden (Landen), William III de-
feated at, 61

Negreiros, Vidal de, leader in the Brazilian
revolt, 674

Negropont, attacked by the Venetians, 365
Nemours, Marie de Longueville, Duchess of,
449

Nepluyeff, Ivan Ivanovitch, Russian am-
bassador to the Porte, 545

Nerchinsk, silver mines of, 533

Nes, Jan Jacobse van, Dutch admiral, 190
Nestoroff, Alexis, Russian upper-fiscal,
535; 546

Nethenus, Samuel, pietist, 757
Netherlands. See United Provinces

Spanish (afterwaras Austrian), Louis
XIV and, 36 sq., 180, 182, 199; the
French in, 37 sq., 60, 152, 164 sq., 373,
404, 407; acquisitions of France in, 46;
the Peace of Ryswyk and, 63; and the
Spanish Succession, 384, 389 sq.; and
the Barrier Treaties, 424, 457 sqq.; 436;
and the Peace of Utrecht, 438, 447; 450;
455 sq.; and the Indian trade, 704
Neuburg, John William, Duke of. See Pala-
tinate, John William, Elector Palatine

Philip William, Duke of. See Pala-
tinate, Philip William, Elector Palatine
Wolfgang William, Duke of, 643
Neuchâtel (Neuenburg), the sovereignty of,
449; 669; 671
Neugebauer, Martin, tutor of the Tsarevich
Alexis, 537; in the Swedish service, 603
Neuhäusel, captured by the Turks, 346,
348; 355; 359 sq.; captured by the
Austrians, 366

Neva river, and St Petersburg, 529; 552;
590; Charles XII and, 596
Nevers, Duke of. See Mantua
Nevis, colonised by the English, 687
New Amsterdam. See New York
Newcastle, seized by the Scots, 209; 238

William Cavendish, Duke of, 95

New France, 684 sq.

Granada, viceroyalty of, 683

Netherland, seized by the English,
149; 151; 161

Newton Butler, defeat of James' army
'at, 312

Newton, Sir Isaac, 237; and the currency,
269; 712 sqq.; 716; and Leibniz, 717
sq.; the theory of gravitation of, 719;
the Principia of, 720, 722; 721 sqq.
New York (New Amsterdam), seized by the
English, 149, 179 sq., 685; 189; 197
Nice, 389; restored to Savoy, 437, 448
Nicholas, Sir Edward, 93

Nicolls, Richard, Governor of New York,
108; 180

Nieroth, Carl Gustaf, Swedish general, 593
Nieuport, the First Barrier Treaty and, 457
Nieuwpoort, William, Dutch envoy to
England, 141; 143; 145 sq.

Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow, 503; 506
sq.; ecclesiastical reforms by, 508 sq.;
517 sq.

Nil Sorski, Russian monk, 507 sq.

Nithard, Johann Everard, Cardinal, con-
fessor of the Queen of Spain, 35
Nivernais, the, customs of, 13
Nizhni-Novgorod, and the anti-Polish
movement, 501 sq.

Nizza, 368; recaptured by the Turks, 369
Noailles, Anne-Jules, Duc de, Marshal of
France, 59; 61; 428

Louis-Antoine, Abp of Paris, 89 sq.
Nördlingen, conference of Circles at, 403
Nöteborg, taken by Peter the Great, 590
Nogara, French retreat to, 402
Nogent river, Prussian boundary, 634
Normandy, customs of, 13; 25
Norris, Sir William, envoy to India, 701
North, Francis. See Guilford, Lord
Norway, Denmark and, 558, 560 sq., 581

sq.; and Sweden, 562; 569; Swedish
invasion of, 583; 613
Nottingham, surrenders its charter, 229

Daniel Finch, second Earl of, 243;
247; Secretary of State, 258; dismissal
of, 274; 277; 336 sq.; and the "tack,"
464; 471

233

Heneage Finch, first Earl of, 210;

Nova Colonia, established, 680

Scotia, restored to France, 63; 189
Novgorod, 477 sq.; annexed by Ivan the
Great, 479 sq.; 484; massacre at, 488;
occupied by Sweden, 501; 502; 588
Novgorod-Sieverski, annexed to Russia, 479
Novion, Nicolas Potier, Sieur de, 16
Nürnberg, Bavaria and, 51; 610; 635
Conrad II, Burgrave of, 622
Frederick III, Burgrave of, 622
Frederick VI, Burgrave of.
Brandenburg, Frederick I, Elector of
Nyborg, captured by the Dutch, 147

See

Nyenskans, captured by the Russians, 590
Nymegen, the Allies at, 406

Peace of, 23, 36, 45 sqq., 49, 52, 63,
162, 165 sq., 220, 356, 454, 570 sq., 577,
652, 688

Nystad, Peace of, 524, 615

Oates, Titus, 220 sqq.; 224; 227; sentence
on, 231; 306; 334

Obdam de Wassenaer. See Wassenaer
Oberglauheim, and the battle of Blenheim,
410 sq.

Oder river, 618; 627; 646
Odescalchi, Benedetto. See Innocent XI
Odoevsky, Prince, 534

Odyk, William Adrian, Lord of, 156
Oedenburg, Diet at, 357; 367
Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph, 762
Ofen. See Buda

Offaly, Act for the plantation of, 323
Offuz, and the battle of Ramillies, 415
Ogilvie, General, at Narva, 591; 594
Ogilvy, James, Earl of Seafield. See
Seafield

Oglio river, French force at, 402
Okey, John, regicide, 149
Öland, sea-fight at, 162

Oldenbarneveldt, Johan van, Grand Pen-
sionary of Holland, 139; 702
Oldenburg, Stenbock capitulates at, 609
Henry, Secretary of the Royal
Society, 754

Oldensworth, Stenbock capitulates at, 582,

609

Oldham, John, poet, 135
Olearius, Adam, 511; 513
Olier, Jean-Jacques, Abbé, 78 sq.
Olinda, rivalry of, with Reciff, 678
Oliva, Cistercian convent of, 629; 632
Peace of, 344; 349; 563; 593; 643;

649
Olonets iron-works, 533; 548
Opitz, Martin, German poet, 68
Oppeln, principality of, 625
Oppenheim, burnt by the French, 57
Opressa, Charles XII at, 600
Oprichnina, the, in Russia, 490 sqq.,
sq.; 502

Orange, principality of, 449 sq.

499

Amalia von Solms, Princess of, 107;
144; 151

Frederick Henry of Nassau, Prince
of, 137; 622; 640 sq.; 668

668

John William Friso, Prince of, 425;

Mary, Princess of (Princess Royal of
England), 107; 144; 148; 151

Maurice of Nassau, Prince of, 137
René of Nassau, Prince of, 449
William I, Prince of, 137; 449; 628
William II, Prince of, 137 sq.; 642
William III Henry, Prince of. See
William III, King of England
Oranienburg, castle, 622

Oratory, the French, 78 sq.

Ordin-Nashchokin, Athanasius, Russian
statesman, 516 sqq.

Orford, Edward Russell, Earl of, Admiral,
59; 61; 241; at La Hogue, 261; 262;
274; impeached, 275; 461

See

Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of.
Walpole
Orkney, Elizabeth Villiers, Countess of,
257; 274

Lord George Hamilton, Earl of,
410; 425

Orléanais, the capitation in the, 28
Orléans, Charlotte Elizabeth, Duchess of,
55; 63

Henrietta, Duchess of, 106; 198;
203 sq.

Philippe I, Duke of, 55 sq.; 106; 162
Philippe II, Duke of, Regent of
France, 31; 90; 419; 441

Ormond, James Butler, first Duke of, 93;
105; 230; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,
302; 304; recalled, 305; reappointed
Lord Lieutenant, 305 sq.; 310

James Butler, second Duke of, 247;
412; in Flanders, 433; 440; 458

Mary, Duchess of, 475

Oropesa, Count de, Spanish statesman,
35; 58; 376

Orrery, Roger Boyle, Earl of, 136

Orsini (des Ursins), Anne Marie de la
Trémouille, Princess, 447; 455

Oruba, the Dutch in, 687

Oruro, silver mines at, 682

Osborne, Thomas, Duke of Leeds. See
Leeds

Osiander, Andreas, 635

Osnabrück, and Louis XIV,

Treaty of, 596, 641

42

Ossory, Thomas Butler, Earl of, 196; 213
Ostend, captured, 416; 422; 457

Company, 703 sq.

Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Russian Vice-
Chancellor, 551 sq.; and Peter II, 553;
and foreign affairs, ib.; 554 sqq.; 613 sq.
Otrepieff, Grishka, and the false Dimitri,
497, 499

Ottoboni, Pietro. See Alexander VIII, Pope
Otto I (the Great), Emperor, 617 sq.; 639
Ottokar II, King of Bohemia, 631
Ottomond, tomb of, 416

Otway, Thomas, dramatist, 127; 130 sq.
Oudenarde, restored to Spain, 45; 416;
battle of, 420 sq., 668
Overmaas, France and, 164

957

University of, 238; 245; 254; 334
Robert Harley, first Earl of, 429 sq.;
462 sq.; Secretary of State, 464; in-
trigues and dismissal of, 465; 466; forms
a ministry, 469 sq.; created earl, 470;
character of, ib.; and the fall of Marl-
borough, 471; and the Old Pretender,
472; 473; 474; dismissal of (1714), 475;
595

Paderborn, Friedrich von Spee at, 758
Padilla, Juan de, report of, on the Indians
in Peru, 683

See Innocent X

Panama, attack on, 691
Panfili, Giovanni Battista.
Panshino, Russian army at, 521

Papacy, the, and Russia, 482; and the
Prussian crown, 663

Papillon, Thomas, and the East India
Company, 700

Para, commercial monopoly in, 678; 679
Paracelsus, alchemist, 730

Parana river, the Indians of, 683
Paris, disorders in, 16; 740 sq.
Peace of (1763), 443

Parkány, defeat of the Poles at, 363
Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, 331
Parma, Prince Eugene in, 403

Pascal, Blaise, and Montaigne, 64 sq.; 73;
84 sq.; and mathematical science, 710,
712; 715; 744; 748

958

Passau, Leopold I at, 360

Pélisson, Paul, and the Huguenots, 22
Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of,
250

Penn, William, Quaker, 234 sq.; 237; 238;
255; 262; 336; 692; 756

Sir William, English admiral, 190
Pennsylvania, foundation of, 685
Pentland rising, 110; 284
Peplin, convent of, 632

Pepys, Samuel, 124 sq.; 168 sq.; secretary
to the Admiralty Commission, 170 sq.;
and naval administration, 172 sqq.; 183;
190; 195; 248; 266
Perche, customs of, 13

Pereira, commissary-general in Ireland, 314
Perevolchna, Swedish surrender at, 602
Pereyaslavl, Lake of, Peter the Great at, 520
Pernambuco, 146; civil war in, 678
Pernau, Charles XII at, 588; 590; 603
Perre, Paulus van der, Pensionary of
Middelburg, 139; 141

Perrinchief, Richard, royalist divine, 331
Persia, Russia and, 544 sq.

Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of,
Lord Chancellor of Scotland, 290
Peru, 375; 681; silver mines in, 682; 683;
Spanish trade with, 684; 688; 692
Peschiera, Prince Eugene at, 402
Peter the Great, Tsar, the Turks and, 370;
371; and Denmark, 580 sqq. ; and Patkul,
586; and the league against Sweden, 587;
and the great Northern War, 588 sqq.;
aids Augustus II of Poland, 593; seeks
the mediation of the Powers, 595 sq.;
and Mazepa, 599 sq.; at Poltawa, 601 sq.;
and the second anti-Swedish league, 602;
captures Riga, 603; and the war with
Turkey, 604 sqq.; at Krossen, 607; in

Holstein, 609; conquers Finland, b.;
and the third anti-Swedish league, 610
sq.; and the Mecklenburg compact,
611 sq.; abandons the Scanian expedition,
612; alliance of, with the King of Prussia,
ib.; and George I, 613; alliance of, with
France and the United Provinces (1717),
613; and Sweden, 613 sq.; and the Peace
of Nystad, 615; 477; 484; 510; 515sq.;
proclaimed Tsar, 517; early years of,
518 sqq.; marriage of, 520; the Azoff
expeditions of, 521 sq.; conspiracy
against, 522; embassy of, to the West,
523; and the revolt of the Strieltzy, 523;
524; and the Tsaritsa, 525; in Amster
dam, ib.; reforms by, 526, 528, 531 sq.,
536, 545 sqq.; makes peace with the
Porte, 526 sq.; and the war with Sweden,
528; religious toleration by, 529; pro-
motes education, ib.; abolishes the
Patriarchate, 506, 530; and the develop-
ment of trade, 533 sq.; measures by,
against peculation, 534 sq.; and his son
Alexis, 537 sqq.; proclaimed Emperor,
542; alliances of, with Sweden, France,
and England, 542 sq.; operations of, in
Asia, 544 sq.; and the succession, 547;
crowns Catharine Empress, 547 sq.;
death of, 548; 549 sq.; and Peter II,
553; and Frederick I of Prussia, 667;741
Peter II, Tsar (Grand Duke), 538; 547;
549; accession of, 552; education of,
553; 554; and the Dolgorukis, 554 sq.;
death of, 555

Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, third
Earl of, 211; 416; 432
Peterhof, Peter II at, 554
Petersen, Johann Wilhelm, pietist, 762
Johanna Eleonora, pietist, 762
Peterwardein, capture of, 367; 368 sqq.
Petre, Edward, Jesuit, 233; 235; 255
William, Lord Petre, 220
Petrików, Augustus II at, 595
Pett, Sir Phineas, English navy commis-
sioner, 171

Petty, Sir William, political economist,
266; 303

Philaret, Patriarch of Moscow. See Ro-

manoff, Theodore
Philip II, King of Spain, 372; 516; 740

III, King of Spain, 376

IV, King of Spain, loses Portugal,
34; 36; and Charles II of England, 104;
372 sq.; 376; and the succession, 377;
death of, 34, 37, 109, 182; testament
of, 379, 385; 675

V, King of Spain (Duke of Anjou),
30 sq.; accession of, 275, 393 sqq.; 340;
392; the Grand Alliance (1701) and 398;
the Emperor and, 401; reception of, in
Spain, 404; in Italy, 406: 412; 416;
417; and the peace negotiations, 420,
422 sq.; 427; position of, in Spain, 426,
428; renounces his claims on France,
434, 441; 436; and the Peace of Utrecht,