Albuquerque, Affonzo de, Portuguese Vice-
roy of India, 695

Antonio de, Governor of the Rio, 679
Aldrovandus, Ulysses, naturalist, 736; 738
Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer, 508
Alessandria, French garrison at, 415
Alet, canonry at, 85

Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi), Pope, 76; 84
VIII (Pietro Ottoboni), Pope, 58
Alexandroff, Ivan IV at, 491
Alexis, Tsar, 343 sq.; 503; the reign of,
504 sq.; and the Patriarch Nikon, 506
sq.; and ecclesiastical reforms, 508 sq.;
514; the Code of, 515; 516; character
of, 516 sq.; 518

Tsarevich, son of Peter the Great,
536 sqq.; death of, 542; 547
Alfonso VI, King of Portugal, 34; 105
Algiers, French fleet sent to, 53
Ali Pasha, Grand Vezir, 604; 606
Alicante, 376; capture of, 426

Alkmaar, and the Act of Seclusion, 143
Allardin, minister at Emden, 757
Allen, Sir Thomas, naval commander, 108;
180; 186; 190

Almanza, battle of, 419

Almeida, Francisco de, Portuguese Viceroy
of India, 695

Almenara, victory of Starhemberg at, 428
Alsace, taken by the French, 44; 47 sq.;
Louis XIV and, 165; 338; 413; 416;
420; 423; 425; French troops in, 431;
the Peace of Ryswyk and, 453
Alt-Breisach, ceded by France, 436; 454
Altona, 579; Swedish sack of, 609; 612; 756
Altranstädt, 417; Charles XII at, 597

Amboina, massacre of, 138, 697
Amegial, battle of, 34, 105
America, England and France in, 57, 438;
English and Dutch claims in, 108

North, and the Anglo-French treaty,
442; French colonisation in, 648 sq.;
English colonisation in, 685 sq.; 694
59

Austria (see also Leopold I, Emperor;
Joseph I, Emperor; Charles VI, Em-
peror), Chap. XII; war of, with Turkey,
36, 49; assists United Provinces against
France, 161; and the Spanish Succes-
sion, 377, 381, 384 sq., 387 sq., 391, 664;
and the Grand Alliance (1701), 398 sq.;
and France, 404, 408; 435; league of,
with Russia, 551, 555; 610
Autre Église, and battle of Ramillies, 415 sq.
Avaux, Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, Count de,
French ambassador at the Hague, 165 sq.,
244, 397; in Ireland, 307 sq., 312, 314;
417; in Sweden, 566, 585
Avesnes, acquired by France, 33
Avignon, city of, 449

Avvakum, Russian ecclesiastic, 509; 524
Ayr, and the Treaty of Union, 299
Ayrshire, recusants in, 283 sq.; 285
Ayscue, Sir George, English admiral, 184
Azoff, conquered by Peter the Great, 370;
371, 521 sq.; 503; 520; ceded to Russia,
527; 531; 545; 603 sq.; abandoned by
Russia, 606; 677

Sea of, Russian fleet in, 527, 605

Bacon, Francis, Viscount St Albans, 716;
724 sq.

Badajoz, 416; 456

Baden, invaded by the French, 57; 418;
Peace of, 436, 450, 454 sq.
Baden-Baden, Lewis William, Margrave
of, 61; 341; 366; commander of the
Imperial Army, 368; 369; and the
Spanish Succession, 401; Rhine cam-
paign of (1702), 406; at Stolhofen, 407;
408; joins Marlborough, 409; besieges
Ingolstadt, 410; 414; 416; 437; 452;
death of, 418

Bahamas, piracy in the, 691

Bahia, growth of importance of, 676;
677

Bailleul, ceded to France, 45
Baireuth, and Ansbach, 622

Baius, Michael, professor at Louvain, 82
Bakchi-serai, Treaty of, 506
Baker, Major, at Dromore, 307
Baku, ceded to Russia, 545

Balaguer, captured by Starhemberg, 426
Baldo, Monte, Prince Eugene crosses, 402
Ballenstädt, House of, 618

Ballymore, captured by Ginkel, 317
Ballyneety, Sarsfield at, 316

Baltaji Mehemet, Grand Vezir, 604 sqq.
Baltic Sea, the struggle for supremacy in,
146 sq.; Russia and, 343, 494, 520; Po-
land and, 344; Peter the Great and, 526,
528; English fleet in, 551, 611; Sweden
and, 562 sq., 607; 615; 634; 638
Balzac, Jean-Louis-Guez, Seigneur de,
French writer, 70

Bank of England, establishment of, 267 sq.;
270

Bankaert, Adrian van, Dutch naval com-
mander, 195 sq.

931

Bankhem, Jan van, and the murder of the
de Witts, 159

Bantam, English factory at, 697
Bar, ceded to France, 33

Barbados, 110; de Ruyter at, 179; 284;
286 sq.; English government in, 689 sq.
Barbarossa. See Frederick I, Emperor
Barbary corsairs, 179

Barcelona, 61; taken by the French, 62;
413; by Peterborough, 416; 432; siege
of (1713), 446

Barczai, Achatius, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania

Barillon, Paul, Marquis de Branges, French
ambassador in England, 219; 222; 227;
and James II, 231 sq., 235, 247
Barneveldt, Johan van Olden. See Olden-
barneveldt

Barrier Treaties, 424; 439 sq.; 448; 456 sqq.
Bart, Jean, French seaman, 59; 162
Bartholdi, Friedrich Christian von, Bran-
denburg Minister at Vienna, 664
Basil II, Emperor of the East, 483
Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich von, Hol-
stein Minister, 609
Báthory, Sophia, 352

- Stephen, King of Poland. See Stephen
Baturin, destruction of, 600
Bauer, George (Georgius Agricola), 738
Bauhin, Jean, naturalist, 734
Bausch, Johann Lorenz, and the Academia
naturae curiosorum, 741

Bavaria, alliance of, with France, 42, 47,
404; 407; and the Spanish Netherlands,
447; 451

Charles Albert, Elector of (after-
wards Charles VII, Emperor), 407; 451

Ferdinand Maria, Elector of, 41; 47
Joseph Ferdinand, Electoral Prince
of, and the Spanish Succession, 377, 382,
384 sq.; death of, 385; 386 sqq. ; 659 ; 664

Maria Antonia, Electress of, 52; 377
Maximilian Emanuel, Elector of,
52 sq.; 359; 366 sq.; commander of the
Imperial army, 368; marriage of, 377;
and the Spanish Succession, 384, 386,
388; alliance of, with France, 404,
406 sqq.; at Donauwörth, 409; at Blen-
heim, 410; 411; restoration of, 436;
438; 447; 450; 452; and the Peace of
Baden, 455

Baxter, Richard, presbyterian divine, 96;
at the Savoy Conference, 97; 100; 201;
imprisoned, 231; 238; and Cromwell,
328; 329 sq.; 332; and James II, 335
Beachy Head, battle of, 59; 258; 261; 263;
315

Beard, John, and the East India Company,

700

Béarn, persecution of Protestants in, 24
Beaufort, François de Vendôme, Duc de,
French admiral, 182 sq.; 187
Beaujolais, the, customs of, 13
Beaune, Florimond de, 711
Beausse, de, in Madagascar, 703

Bosnia, 366; Prince Eugene in, 370
Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, and Mon-
taigne, 64 sq.; and Descartes, 65; 66;
and Cartesianism, 73; 74; 76; as a
preacher, 80; 81; 84; and the dispute
with the Papacy, 85 sq.; the writings
of, 86; and the Huguenots, 86; 87;
and Fénelon, 88; 90; 743
Bothmer, Johann Caspar von, Count,
Hanoverian envoy in London, 476
Bothnia, Gulf of, 610

Bothwell Bridge, battle of, 225, 285 sq.
Bouchain, taken by the French, 44; 45;
431; 434

Boufflers, Louis-François de Boufflers, Duc
de, Marshal of France, 405 sq.; 421;
425 89.

Boulonnais, the, 4; rising in, 9
Bourbonnais, the, customs of, 13
Bourdaloue, Louis, 65; as a preacher, 80
Bourignon, Antoinette de, pietist, 762
Bournonville, Count, 651

Boyle, Robert, physicist, 715; 722; 728;
and modern chemistry, 730 sq.; 732

Roger, Earl of Orrery. See Orrery
Boyne, battle of the, 58, 261, 314
Brabant, 153; Marlborough in, 416; 426
Bradley, James, astronomer royal, 721
Brahe, Per, Swedish statesman, 564 sq.;
568

Tycho, 709; 713

Bramhall, John, Abp of Armagh, 321
Brandaris, destroyed by the English, 187
Brandenburg, growth and development of,
to 1640, Chap. XX; under the Electors
Frederick William and Frederick III
(1640-1713), Chap. XXI; 25; and
France, 33, 38; and the United Pro-
vinces, 37, 157, 161, 164, 166; 39 sq.;
and Sweden, 45; 55; 414; 568; 586

the Kurmark of, 618; the Middle
Mark of, 618; the New Mark of,
618, 621, 624, 632, 634; the Northern
Mark of, 617 sq., 620; the Old Mark
of, 618 sq., 621, 625; the Vormark
(Priegnitz) of, 618; the Ukermark of,
618, 620

Electors of:

Albert I (the Bear), 618 sq.; 624
Albert II, 620

Albert Achilles, 624 sq.
Frederick I, 622 sq.

Frederick II, 620; 623 sq.; 634
Frederick III. See Frederick I, King
of Prussia

Frederick William (the Great Elector).

See Frederick William

George William, 637 sq.; 640 sqq.
Joachim I, 624 sqq.

Joachim II, 624; 626 sq.; 636
Joachim Frederick, 627 sq.; 636
John Cicero, 624

John George, 624; 627; 636

John Sigismund, Duke of Prussia,
627 sq.; 636 sq.; 743

Brandenburg, Electors of:

Lewis (the Roman), 620 sq.
Otto V, 621

933

Sigismund. See Sigismund, Emperor
Waldemar I (the Great), 620; 631
Albert von, Cardinal, Archbishop
and Elector of Mainz. See Mainz

George Frederick, Margrave of,
Prince of Jägerndorf, 636

Sophia, Margravine of, 635
Brandenburg-Baireuth, Charles
Margrave of, 418

Ernest,

Brandt, Carsten, German shipmaster, in
Russia, 520

Brazil, Portugal and, 107; 146; 148; 448;
and Portugal, 675 sq.; expulsion of
Dutch from, 675 sq.; slave labour in,
676 sq.; 677; discovery of gold in, 678 sq.
Company (Portuguese), 675
Breda, Charles II of England at, 148
Declaration of, 92; 94; 99

Treaty of, 37, 112 sq., 151, 154,
187, 189, 199, 329
Breisach, 45; 48; ceded by France, 63; 408
Bremen, purchased by George I, 550;
Sweden and, 562 sq.; 569; 579; 582;
603

occupied by the Danes, 607; 610
sq.; 613; bishopric of, 615; 652
Brenner Pass, Bavarian detachment at, 407
Brescia, 402; Prince Eugene at, 414
Bresse, customs of, 13

Brest, development of, 14;

62;

187;

English attack on, 261 sq., 460
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, Lord Keeper of
the Privy Seal, 201; 207; 334
Brieg, principality of, 652;

659

Brienne, Henri-Louis de Loménie, Comte
de, French Secretary of State, 5
Briggs, Henry, mathematician, 709
Brihuega, Allies defeated at, 428

Bristol, George Digby, Earl of, 100 sq.;
105; 210

Britanny, Estates of, 4; rising in, 9 sq.

Louis, Duke of, death of, 434
Broglie, Victor Maurice, Comte de, 26
Browne, Sir Thomas, 332