bk. ii. 1. 558. Speaking of the bookstalls in the streets of London he says: "Walkers at leisure learning's flowers may spoil, Nor watch the wasting of the midnight oil." The same author makes use of this phrase in the introduction to his Fables. The words "midnight oil" are also used by Shenstone, Cowper, Lloyd, and others. FREDERIC BOASE. 15, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, S.W. : The following are earlier than Lamb :"Whence is thy learning? Hath thy toil O'er books consumed the midnight oil?" -Gay's The Shepherd and the Philosopher (introduction to the Fables), l. 15, 16. "I trimmed my lamp, consumed the midnight oil." Shenstone's 11th Elegy, seventh stanza. The use of oil (oleum) for literary night-work is common and semi-proverbial in the Latin classics. So "oleum et operam perdere" (Plaut., Pan., i. 2, 119). Cicero (and plenty more) repeat the same phrase. Having got so much from the ancients, the addition of "midnight" is not far to seek, and no great originality would be evinced in the combination. Bacon talks of his "midnight studies." HORATIO. Universal negatives are dangerous things. MR. PICTON in his interesting and learned note asserts that the word rubbish "cannot be traced in our language further back than the middle of the sixteenth century." And yet that word, of course in an antiquated form, is of much earlier occurrence. In the Promptorium Parvulorum, about 1440, we find "Robows, or coldyr. Petrosa, petro"; coldyr, Prov. Eng. colder, being the refuse of corn, and petro the clippings of stone," petrones sunt particule que abscinduntur de petris" (Catholicm Anglicum, 1483). The old word, therefore, was evidently synonymous with our rubble, detritus, mason's refuse. Mr. Way identifies this robows with robeux (MS. 1480), rubbrysshe (Horman, 1519), robrisshe (Palsgrave, 1530), all denoting rough and broken stones. Moreover, is robaccia a sixteenth-century word in Italian, with the meaning assigned to it, coarse, rough stuff"? It certainly does not occur in Florio. A. SMYTHE PALMER. Lower Norwood, S.E. "FIFTEENTHS" (5th S. viii. 490.)-Tenths and fifteenths meant such a proportion of property, not so much per cent. It happens that a tenth is ten per cent., but a fifteenth is only six and two-thirds per cent. "Tandem finis Parliamenti erat taxa levanda ad opus Regis, id est, decima de clero, et quinta decima de populo laicali" (Walsingham, Hist. Anglic., ed. Riley, ii. 177). In some cases the less wealthy rural population (Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, ed. 1656, p. 55). Cf. "And a fifteneth and a dyme eke" (Richard the Redeles, Pass. iv. 1. 15). I extract these references from my Notes to Piers Plowman, where more on the subject will be found. I hope it will appear that these Notes contain a good deal of information relative to affairs of the fourteenth century. WALTER W. SKEAT. "RUBBISH" (5th S. viii. 423.) ---MR. PICTON would derive rubbish from Italian robaccia (the pejorative of roba), poor stuff, old goods (Altieri). He says that the history of the word cannot be traced further back than the middle of the six-tenths were subscribed by towns, and fifteenths by teenth century, overlooking the article in the Promptorium Parvulorum which I have quoted in my Dictionary: "Robows, or coldyr, petrosa, petro (i.e. chippings of stones)." And Way, in his note on the word, cites a payment in the Wardrobe accounts of the year 1480 to "John Carter, for carriage away of a grete loode of robeux that was left in the strete after the reparacione of a hous apparteigning to the same Wardrobe." Horman, in his Vulgaria, says: "Batts and great rubbryshe serveth to fyl up the myddell of the wall." By Palsgrave, Minshew, Cotgrave, Florio, Sherwood, it is treated as synonymous with rubble, signifying fragments of old stone or brick, a sense obviously anterior to that of the Italian robaccia, worthless goods: "Robrisshe of stones, platras (Palsgrave); "Rovinazzo or ruinazzo, rubble, rammel, rubbish of broken walls" (Florio); "Rottame, all manner of broken things, as splinters, shards, fragments, or rubbish" (Florio). When we look at the earliest of the forms above cited, robows and robeux, and also the application of the word to the rubble used in build ing, we may fairly suspect it to have been originally borrowed from the French repous, a technical term of masonry signifying concrete or rubble work: "A filling in with rubbish or rubble, repous" (Sherwood). H. WEDGWOOD. 2, Salisbury Villas, Cambridge. This tax was imposed 14 Edw. III. (1340-41), when it was enacted that foreign merchants, and all others which dwell not in cities nor boroughs, and also all who dwelt in forests and wastes and "live not of their gain nor store," should be assessed at the value of a "fifteenth." H. FISHWICK, F.S.A. ELWILL FAMILY (5th S. viii. 369.)-Your correspondent A. H. will find that there were four baronets of this race, commencing with Sir John Elwill of Exeter, merchant, who was the son of a grocer of that city by his wife, an heiress of Pole. He was educated at the university, and designed by his father for a clergyman; was knighted at Kensington, April 28, 1696; was Sheriff of Devon 6 William & Mary, and on Aug. 25, 1709, was created a baronet. He died in 1717, having been s. p. m. March 1, 1778, the title became extinct. Bicknor Court, Coleford, Glouc. A. H. will find all the information he asks for in Burke's Extinct Baronetage. If he has not access to that work, I shall be glad to extract the article for him. E. A. WHITE, F.S.A. Old Elvet, Durham. DR. WATTS'S PSALMS (5th S. viii. 409.)—In the Psalms as given in the large edition of Dr. Watts's Works in six vols., "with selections from his MSS. in 1753," the fourth rendering of Psalm 1. is headed, "To a new tune." This carries back this peculiarity, which was at a later date omitted, to the fifteenth edition, 1748, the last during his life. JOSIAH MILLER, M.A. for many years Receiver-General for Devon. By his first wife, Frances, daughter of Sir John Bampfylde, of Poltimore, Bart., he had two sons, John and Edmund. Sir John married secondly the daughter and heiress of Leigh, of Egham, co. Surrey, by whom, according to one authority (Halsted), he had no issue, while, according to another (Le Neve), it was his first wife who was childless. Sir John died in 1717, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his elder son, John, who married Elizabeth, sole daughter and heiress of Humphrey Style, Esq., and through her he acquired Langley Park in Beckenham, co. Kent. Lady Elwill survived till 1731, but Sir John died in 1727, leaving no issue. The monuments of this pair are on the north wall of the aisle of Beckenham Church. The second Sir John was succeeded in title and estate by his only brother, Edmund, who sold Langley Park to Hugh Raymond, Esq. The Elwills appear to have maintained a connexion with Devonshire, where they had scattered landed property, including the manor and barton of Pinhoe, the place of residence of the first baronet. Sir Edmund Elwill died in 1740, and was succeeded by Sir John, fourth and last baronet, who married Selina, relict of Arthur, Lord Ranelagh, and daughter of Peter, the next brother of Allen, first Earl Bathurst. Sir John Elwill died at Totnes, March 1, 1778, and on the 5th of that month his The words "to a new tune" and "to the old remains were carried through Exeter in funeral procession on the way to his seat at Egham, pre-from his twentieth edition, 1756, are not interpolaproper tune," as given by M. D., under Psalm 1, paratory to interment in the family vault. It is said that the hearse containing the body of Sir John Elwill was the first carriage that passed into Exeter over the new Exe Bridge. By the marriage of his heiress, Selina Mary, his estates passed into viii. 409.)-The most authentic thing about EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON (5th S. the Bathurst family, as mentioned by your corre- Clarendon is the Life he wrote of himself, as spondent, who will find fuller particulars in Le Neve's Pedigrees of Knights, 454; Halsted's best edition is that of 1875, 2 vols., 8vo., printed a continuation to his Hist. of the Rebellion. The Kent; Lysons's Devon; Lysons's Environs of from the original MS. in the Bodleian. Then London; Oliver's Exeter, 171; Reports on Devon-there is T. H. Lister's work on the life and adminisshire Charities, 1826; Nichols's Collect. Top. et Gen., v. 341; and other authorities. Exeter. ROBERT DYMOND. This gentleman was not the first but the fourth baronet. The title was conferred upon his grandfather, Sir John Elwill, Knt., of Exeter, by Queen Anne on August 25, 1709, and became extinct on the death of Sir John, the fourth baronet, March 1, 1779 (London Magazine, 1779, p. 139), or March 1, 1778, according to Burke's Extinct Baronetage. He represented Guildford in the Parliaments elected 1747, 1754, and 1761. EDWARD SOLLY. The fourth baronet, grandson of the first, who I think held some appointment under the county of Devon, mar. Selina, dau. of Peter Bathurst, Esq., and relict of the Earl of Ranelagh, but dying My copy is dated 1747, "printed for I. Oswald, at the Rose and Crown, near the Mansion House, and J. Buckland, at the Buck in Paternoster Row, near St. Paul's," and in it appear the words, “To a new tune," to the rendering of Psalm 1. beginning, "The Lord the Sov'reign sends his summons forth." W. PHILLIPS. tions, for I find them exactly as quoted in my first edition of 1719. J. O. tration of the earl. Also there is S. W. Singer's Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester. The Hon. Agar Ellis wrote an inquiry into his character, 1827, and tried to prove him an unprincipled man of talent. The late Lord Clarendon was his descendant. He belonged to the Hydes of Dinton, Wilts. Notices of him occur in Burnet's Hist. of his own Times, and in Evelyn and Pepys. Mayfair. C. A. WARD. CURIOUS CUSTOM (5th S. viii. 446.)-A custom somewhat akin to that spoken of by MR. E. T. MAXWELL WALKER existed recently at Penzance, in Cornwall. In that town it was usual for the mayor and corporation, with the mace-bearers and constables in attendance, to go once a month in state to St. Mary's Church. At the commence ment of the first lesson all the constables went out of church to visit the licensed houses, to see that they were complying with the then law in closing during the period of divine service. Some time before the commencement of the sermon the constables returned to the church, so as to be in readiness to accompany his worship on his homeward journey. The new licensing law has now done away with the actual necessity of this observance, and with an increase of the police force all the men are not required in the municipal procession. GEO. C. BOASE. 15, Queen Anne's Gate, S.W. REV. WILLIAM GARNETT (5th S. viii. 408.)-It is possible to explain that which puzzles MR. GARNETT. Matriculation is the admission to the university, not to the college, and the Rev. William Garnett may have had his name down for a time at Trinity, and yet never have matriculated. Bexhill. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. A William Garnett took his A.M. degree at Queen's College, Cambridge, in 1797. Could this have been the above gentleman ? SYWL. PORTRAIT OF BEATRICE CENCI (5th S. viii. 407.) -Cav. Bertolotti, who has written on the Cenci family, is equally desirous with H. C. C. to discover who was the painter of the portrait, and the earliest mention of it. Very curiously, however, he does not seem to be aware it was formerly in the Colonna Gallery, and he has published in Giornale di Erudizione Artistica, vol. v. fasc. 9, 10, Firenze, a catalogue of the pictures in the Barberini collection in 1623, where he thinks he has recognized the portrait under the title of a Madonna Egiziaca, by P. Veronese. When he becomes aware of his mistake, he will probably find and publish a list of the Colonna Gallery of the same date. I believe the earliest mention of Guido being employed in Rome is found on July 25, 1609, when he was paid four hundred scudi for some work done at the Vatican. K. H. B. In the collection of a relative of mine is a modern picture, painted by a Milanese artist, of considerable merit, though the subject is of the gloomiest kind-Beatrice Cenci after torture. She is about to be immured in a cell, whilst two figures, habited like Familiars of the Inquisition, and whose faces are hidden by cowls, support her slender figure. Her countenance retains traces of great beauty, though racked by suffering. one side stands an ecclesiastic with his hood thrown back, who has evidently been administering spiritual consolation to Beatrice Cenci, and at the door of the prison stands a man habited as a soldier of that period, with his hand on the key. The picture is of considerable size, and the figures in it are about one-third the size of life. What its date may be I do not know; but to my knowledge it has been in the possession of the present family more than thirty-five years. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. A PSEUDO-CHRIST (5th S. viii. 488.)—Beesley's History of Banbury, p. 91, contains this sentence: held at Oxford, a blasphemous impostor, who had assumed "In 1219, according to Knyton, in a council of bishops the name and pretended to the wounds of Jesus, was condemned and was crucified at Adderbury." This is probably another version of the circumstance stated by ED. D., although there is a difference of four years in the date, and Aldermanbury has been substituted for Adderbury, which is a large village seventeen miles north of Oxford, and nearly four miles south of Banbury. Steeple Aston, Oxford. WILLIAM WING. CHRISTMAS SERVICE FOR THE GIFT OF A MANOR (5th S. viii. 486.)-Peter le Brus gave Henry Percy the manor of Kildale, which became the principal residence of the Percys in Cleveland. It was from hence, doubtless, and not from Petworth, that he would pay his Christmas visit to Skelton Castle, a short ride. Skelton Castle passed to the family of Fauconberg on a division of the Brus estates, a few years after this donation of Kildale. I heard from a venerable Westmoreland statesman, now deceased, a modern instance of a "jocular tenure" almost parallel. "Fifty years ago I was great friends with Mounsey, that they called King of Patterdale. He offered to let me the fishing of Easedale Tarn. What rent?' 'Five shillings.' Too much.' 'What will you give?' 'Three halfpence.' Then you must come to Patterdale and pay it on a fixed day.' And you must give me my dinner.' So we agreed." W. G. DE STUTEVILLE FAMILY (5th S. viii. 447.)—The Lattons of Chilton, co. Berks, derived their descent from this family-at least, according to Ashmole. Many of them were buried in the adjoining church of St. Michael, Blewbury, where a number of their brasses, including shields of arms, if not swept away by recent "restoration," still remain. These bear, among other quarterings, "Ermine, three cross-bows or," by the name of "Sycheville.” Whether this may be a perversion of Stuteville I cannot say, but I have never been able to meet with any family of Sycheville or Sychevyle. ROYSSE. A list of Stutevilles (originally from Estouteville in Normandy), barons by tenure from the time of the Conquest, is given in Nicolas's Synopsis of the Peerage of England, and the account includes Nicholas, brother and heir of Robert de Stuteville, the fifth baron, who died in 1205, s.p. A family of Stutevilles, or Stotevilles, was seated at an early period at Dalham in Suffolk, and there continued for many generations. The pedigree is extant, and their arms are said to have been: Per pale arg. and sab., a saltire engr. ermines and erm. Crest Paly of six, erm. and ermines, disposed feather-wise. Other grants of arms, differing entirely from the above, were made to the Stutevilles of Devon, Somerset, and Essex. For further particulars it might be well to refer to Add. MS. 17,732, Brit. Mus. Collection, and to Chart. Cat. V. iii. WM. UNDERHILL. 66, Lausanne Road, Peckham. The crest of this family is a camel's head couped proper. HIRONDELLE. THE EXTINCT IMPERIAL CONSTANTINIAN ORDER OF ST. GEORGE (5th S. viii. 349.)-In M. Maigné's Abrégé Méthodique de la Science des Armoiries (Paris, 1860, p. 319) is the following, under the head of orders of the Two Sicilies : "3 Ordre Constantinien, ou de Constantin, appelé aussi Constantinien des Deux Siciles, pour le distinguer d'un ordre du même nom qui appartient au duché de Parme.-Créé, à ce que l'on croit, le 5 août, 1699, par Jean-François Farnese, duc de Parme; plusieurs écrivains lui donnent, il est vrai, une origine plus ancienne, mais ils se gardent bien d'en fournir la preuve. En 1734, Don Carlos, duc de Parme, étant devenu roi de Naples, incorpora cet ordre à ceux du royaume, et en renouvela les statuts en 1759; mais, le 23 août, 1816, l'archiduchesse Marie-Louise d'Autriche, ex-impératrice des Français et duchesse de Parme, le rétablit pour ses états, et, pour éviter toute discussion au sujet de la propriété de la grande maitrise, les deux maisons souveraines de Naples et de Parme convinrent de conférer concurrément les insignes de l'ordre, qui n'admet, sauf quelques exceptions, que des membres de la noblesse. "Cinq classes: Ecuyers, Frères servants, Chevaliers du mérite, Chevaliers de justice, Chevaliers grand-croix. "Ruban: rouge. "Les Chevaliers portent la croix à la boutonnière; les grands-croix, en écharpe avec plaque.' SILVERSMITHS' WORK (5th S. viii. 369.)-I have bound up, under the title of Pugin's Designs of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, published by Ackerman & Co., London, April 4, 1836, two parts on the subject, the first part being generally Designs for Gold and Silver Smiths, &c., the second part, Designs for Church Plate. It is very likely that Mr. B. Quaritch, the London bookseller, would inform Z. whether these treatises can be * "L'ordre de Constantin est désigné, dans les anciens auteurs, sous les noms de: Ordre des angéliques, Ordre des chevaliers dorés, Ordre des angéliques dorés sous 'invocation de saint George, Milice Constantine de Saint-George." had separately, and also give him further information on such Designs. F. S. THE "DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI" (5th S. viii. 489.)-I have a copy which corresponds exactly with that which MR. KREBS describes, except that the first book wants the engraving of Simeon in adoration. This has no doubt been torn out, as each of the other three books has its engraving. On the other hand, there is opposite the title-page an engraving of an angel standing by a cross, on the top of which is a crown. The title-page itself runs: "Thomæ a Kempis | Canonici Regularis | Ordinis S. Editio Nova, Figuris | Illustrata. | Coloniæ | Sumptibus Augustini | De | Imitatione | Christi | Libri Quatuor. | Balthasaris ab Egmond, 1711." HENRY A. Bright. GREGORY CLEMENTS, THE REGICIDE (5th S. viii. 228, 353.)— " Gregory Clements is hardly worth mentioning. He was at first a merchant, but, failing in that, he sought to a considerable estate. He was turned out of the Rump thrive by a new trade in bishops' lands, wherein he got Parliament for lying with his maid at Greenwich, but was taken in again when they were restored after Oliver's interruption. His guilty conscience and his ignorance would not suffer him to make any plea at the Bar or any speech or prayer at the gallows."-The Indictment, &c., for the Booksellers in Town and Country, 1739. of Twenty-Nine Regicides, &c., preface, p. ix, London, C. W. J. LEYLANDS OF LANCASHIRE (5th S. viii. 468.)— There is a pedigree of Leyland of the Grange, Hindley, in Foster's Lancashire Pedigrees, published in 1873. C. J. E. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. viii. 509.) "Omne ignotum pro magnifico est." This occurs in the Vita Agricola of Tacitus, cap. xxx. He puts it into the mouth of Galgacus, the British general, in the speech to his soldiers before the last fatal battle at the Grampian Hills: "Nos terrarum ac liberdefendit, nunc terminus Britanniæ patet, atque omne tatis extremos, recessus ipse ac sinus famæ in hanc diem ignotum pro magnifico est." E. A. D. This occurs in Tacitus, Jul. Agric. Vit., c. xxx. Tacithere is, "Ad manus et arma conversi Caledoniam incotus elsewhere uses a similar expression. Ibid., c. xxv., lentes populi, paratu magno, majore fama, uti mos est de ignotis"; and in Ann. iv. 23, "Sed missis levibus. copiis quæ ex longinquo in majus audiebantur." He of Nicias, vi. 11, 4, has, rà yàp dià πλεíσTOV_TÁVTEL had been anticipated by Thucydides, who, in the speech ἴσμεν θαυμαζόμενα, καὶ τὰ πεῖραν ἥκιστα τῆς δόξης δόντα. ED. MARSHALL. Shenstone says: "I have heard her with sweetness unfold How that pity was due to a dove; That it ever attended the bold, And she called it the sister of love." Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Schola Academica. Some Account of the Studies of the THE one only fault to be found with this interesting JOANNIS PEARSON Episcopi Cestriensis BRIANI WALTON Episcopi Cestriensis Qui compluribus linguis divinas scripturas edidit. Discrimina donorum, idem spiritus.-1 Cor. xii. 4." The inscription was written by Archdeacon Hessey. Social Life in the English Universities in the Eighteenth Qui Fidem Catholicam interpretatione luculenta explicuit, Century. This premised, nothing but praise remains. The present volume is not only more important than its predecessors, but it is, what one would hardly expect, much more amusing. We have here, in full detail, "the history and method of the old Cambridge test and examination for the first degree in arts, and of mathematics... A place is given to the trivials (grammar, logic, and rhetoric), which under the more ancient régime led the undergraduate in his four years' march. Classics and moral philosophy (the subsidiary studies of the old Tripos) close this portion of the work." This accurately describes the serious history recounted by Mr. Wordsworth. The reader of it will perhaps be surprised to find how much constantly hard and important work was successfully got through in what some have thought an easy and rather idle era. We must add in all fairness that there is many a humorous trait flashing across these scholarly pages about scholars. Richard Porson and the good work he did are fully recorded, with all honour, in the Schola Academicæ. The Invention of Printing. A Collection of Facts and THE above title-page concisely describes the contents of In the well-told sketch of the life of the above Devonshire THE CITY GATES.-While Temple Bar is in course of destruction, the following paragraph may have a certain interest for some of the readers of “N. & Q." :-" As the reign of George II. drew to a close, in the autumn of 1760, a change came over the City of London, which, to many, indicated a new era; namely, the destruction of their City Gates, in the preservation of which timid Whigs saw safety from the assaults of Jacobites. READ announced the fate of those imaginary defences in the Journal' of August 2nd: 'On Wednesday the materials of the three following City Gates were sold before the Committee of Lands to Mr. Blagden, a carpenter in Coleman Street; namely, Aldgate for 1577. 10s., Cripplegate for 911., and Ludgate for 1481. The purchaser is to begin to pull down the two first on the first day of September, and Ludgate on the 4th of August, and is to clear away all the rubbish, &c., in two months from these days."" London in the Jacobite Times (Bentley & Son, 2 vols.). WM. GODDARD'S "SATYRICALL DIALOGUE."-I am reprinting, for subscribers only, the three very rare works only copy of his Satyricall Dialogue that I can get at of this outspoken satirist of the Jacobite times. The has had its head-lines cut off by one of those binders who have done so much to mangle the book-treasures of antiquity. Another copy of the book was sold at Mr. Corser's sale. Messrs. Sotheby kindly tell me that it "N. & Q." man tell me to whom Lilly sold his Corser was bought by Lilly, but was not in his sale. Can any copy ('twas not to Mr. Huth), or where it is now, or where any other copy is? I want a transcript of the head-lines, and am keeping back my proofs for them. The Mastif Whelp and Neaste of Waspes are already printed. F. J. FURNIVALL. 3, St. George's Square, N.W. MARY ROBINSON'S GRAVE AT OLD WINDSOR.-Will you inform me where I can find a copy of the inscription on Mary Robinson's grave at Old Windsor? The writing on the tomb is so much effaced that it is impossible to read it. I have found a copy of the verses on the tomb, which are given in Mrs. Robinson's Memoirs, by her daughter, but I cannot come across the prose epitaph, which gives dates of her birth, death, &c. The tomb is now being restored, and any of your readers who would supply the information would confer a great favour. J. G. |