RULE XXIV. INFINITIVES. The active verbs, bid, dare, feel, hear, let, make, need, see, and their participles, take the Infinitive after them, without the preposition To. RULE XXV. NOM. ABSOLUTE. A noun or a pronoun is put absolute in the Nominative, when its case depends on no other word. RULE XXVI. SUBJUNCTIVES. A future contingency is best expressed by a verb in the subjunctive, present; and a mere supposition, with indefinite time, by a verb in the subjunctive, imperfect: but a conditional circumstance assumed as a fact, requires the Indicative mood. EXAMPLES FOR PARSING. CHAP. VII. SYNTACTICAL. The proper key to all syntactical parsing, is the sense; and as any composition is faulty which does not rightly deliver the author's meaning, so every analysis of a word or sentence is necessarily erroneous, in which that meaning is not carefully noticed and literally preserved. In all syntactical parsing, it is required of the pupil—to distinguish the different parts of speech and their classes; to What verbs take the infinitive after them without the preposition to? When is a noun or pronoun put absolute? When should the subjunctive mood be employed? What are the several titles, or subjects, of the twenty-six rules? What says Rule 1st ?---Rule 2d?--- Rule 3d ?---Rule 4th ?---Rule 5th ?---Rule 6th?---Rule 7th? ---Rule 8th ?--- Rule 9th ?--- Rule 10th ?---Rule 11th ?---Rule 12th ?---Rule 13th ?--Rule 14th ?---Rule 15th ?--- Rule 16th ?---Rule 17th ?--- Rule Rule 80th ?---Rule 21st ?--- Rule 23d ?--- Rule 23d ?---Rule Rule 26th? What has the sense to do with syntax, or with parsing? the pupil in syntactical parsing? 18th ?---Rule 19th ?--24th ?--- Rule 25th ?-- What is required of mention their modifications in order; to point out their relation, agreement, or government; and to apply the Rules of Syntax. Thus : EXAMPLE PARSED. "This expedition, alas! will never repay us for the loss and disgrace with which it has been followed." This is a pronominal adjective, of the singular number, not compared: and relates to expedition; according to Rule IV., which says, Adjectives relate to the nouns or pronouns which they describe." Because the meaning is this expedition. Expedition is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and nominative case: and is the subject of will repay; according to Rule II., which says, "A noun or a pronoun, which is the subject of a verb, must be in the nominative case." Because the meaning is—expedition will repay. Alas is an interjection, indicating sorrow: and is used independently; according to Rule XVIII., which says, "Interjections have no dependent construction." Because the meaning is—alas!-unconnected with the rest of the sentence. Till is an auxiliary to repay. Sever is an adverb of time: and relates to will repay; according to Rule XV., which says, "Adverbs relate to verbs, participles, adjectives, or other adverbs." Because the meaning is—never will repay. Will repay is a regular active-transitive verb, from repay, repaid, repaying, repaid; found in the indicative mood, first-future tense, third person, and singular number: and agrees with its nominative expedition; according to Rule IX., which says, "A verb must agree with its subject, or nominative, in person and number." Because the meaning is—expedition will repay. Us is a personal pronoun, representing the speakers, in the first person, plural number, and masculine gender; according to Rule V., which says, "A pronoun must agree with its antecedent, or the noun or pronoun which it represents, in person, number, and gender;" and is in the objective case, being governed by will repay; according to Rule XX., which says, Activetransitive verbs, and their imperfect and pluperfect participles, govern the objective case." Because the meaning is—will repay us—i. e. will repay the speakers. for is a preposition: and shews the relation between loss and disgrace How is the following sentence parsed? This expedition, alas! will never repay us for the loss and disgrace with which it has been followed." [Now parse, in like manner, and with no needless deviations from the form, the twenty-six lessons of the Seventh Chapter; or (if the Teacher prefer it) first take the Italic words only, and afterwards explain all the words, as they come in succession.] H and will repay; according to Rule XVII., which says, “Prepositions shew the relations of things." Because the meaning is—will repay for loss and disgrace. The is the definite article: and relates to loss and disgrace; according to Rule I., which says, "Articles relate to the nouns which they limit." Because the meaning is the loss and disgrace. Loss is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and objective case: and is governed by for; accord ing to Rule XXII., which says, Prepositions govern the objective case." Because the meaning is for loss. 66 And is a copulative conjunction: and connects loss and disgrace; according to Rule XVI., which says, Conjunctions connect 66 either words or sentences." Because the meaning is—loss and disgrace. Disgrace is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and objective case: and is connected by and to loss, 66 and governed by for; according to Rule XXII., which says, Prepositions govern the objective case." Because the meaning is for loss and disgrace. With is a preposition and shews the relation between which and has been followed; according to Rule XVII., which says, "Prepositions shew the relations of things." Because the meaning is—which it has been followed with—or, has been followed with which. 66 Which is a relative pronoun, representing loss and disgrace, in the third person, plural number, and neuter gender; according to Rule VII., which says, When a pronoun has two or more antecedents connected by and, it must agree with them in the plural number:" and is in the objective case, being governed by with; according to Rule XXII., which says, " Prepositions govern the objective case." Because the meaning is—with which—i. e. with which loss and disgrace. It is a personal pronoun, representing expedition, in the third person, singular number, and neuter gender; according to Rule V., which says, "A pronoun must agree with its antecedent, or the noun or pronoun which it represents, in person, number, and gender:" and is in the nominative case, being the subject of has been followed; according to Rule II., which says, "A noun or a pronoun, which is the subject of a verb, must be in the nominative case." Because the meaning is—it has been followed--i. e. the expedition has been followed. Has been followed is a regular passive verb, from the active verb follow, followed, following, followed,—passive, to be followed; found in the indicative mood, perfect tense, third person, and singular number and agrees with its nominative it; according to Rule IX., which says, "A verb must agree with its subject, or nominative, in person and number." "Because the meaning is—it has been followed. LESSON I. RULE I. A man of a lively imagination has a property in every thing which he sees: and exults in the happiness of the myriads of living creatures that inhabit the woods, the lawns, and the mountains. As the branches of a tree return their sap to the root, from which it arose; as a river pours its waters to the sea, from which its springs were supplied; so the heart of a grateful man delights in returning a benefit received. LESSON II. RULE II. They who are moderate in their expectations, meet with few disappointments. "Who takes care of all people, when they are sunk in sleep, when they cannot defend themselves, nor see if danger approaches?"—Barbauld. "Men whose circumstances will permit them to choose their own way of life, are inexcusable, if they do not pursue that which their judgment tells them is the most laudable."— Blair. LESSON III. RULE III. Jerusalem, the Jewish capital, was destroyed by the Romans under Titus, the son of Vespasian. "Sisera fled, and took refuge in the tent of Jael, a woman of the Kenite tribe, the descendants of Hobab, Moses's brotherin-law."—Milman. "Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes." "All now are vanish'd! Virtue sole survives; LESSON IV. RULE IV. "Any man who attends to what passes within himself, may easily discern that the human character is a very complicated system."—Blair. "Among the vicious, friendship is coeval only with mutual satisfaction."—Allen. "Pitch upon that course of life which is the most excellent, and custom will render it the most delightful."—Blair. "The mighty tempest, and the hoary waste, LESSON V. RULE V. The chief misfortunes that befall us in life, can be traced to some vices or follies which we have committed. "The Psalms of David present religion to us in the most engaging dress; communicating truths which philosophy could never investigate, in a style which poetry can never equal."— Horne. 666 'Hassan,' said the caliph, what canst thou have lost, whose wealth was the labour of thy own hand; and what can have made thee sad, the spring of whose joy was in thy own bosom?'"—Hawhesworth. "God is on the side of virtue; for whoever dreads punishment, suffers it; and whoever deserves it, dreads it."—Bacon. Every society has a right to prescribe for itself the terms on which its members shall be admitted. "Th' Egyptian crown I to your hands remit; LESSON VI. RULE VI. Shakspeare. The fair sex, whose task is not to mingle in the labours of public life, have their own part assigned them to act. "The committee, not depending on the royal favour, demanded the security of a legal and formal declaration of the rights they claimed."—Hist, of Ireland. "The English people shewed that they were not insensible to what was passing in Ireland."—Ibid. LESSON VII. RULE VII. "Socrates and Plato were celebrated for their wisdom; they were the most eminent philosophers of Greece."—Murray. Education, when it works upon a noble mind, draws out to view many latent virtues and perfections, which, without its aid, would never be able to make their appearance. Honour thy father and mother, both in word and deed, that a blessing may come upon thee from them. |