beautiful variety of colour in the rainbow, and are led to consider the cause of it"—[that variety].

Note XI.—To prevent ambiguity or obscurity, the relative should be placed as near as possible to the antecedent. The following sentence is therefore faulty. "He is like a savage, that is void of humanity." Better: "He that is void of humanity, is like a savage."

Note XII. The pronoun what should never be used instead of the conjunction that; as, "He will not believe but what I am to blame." Here, what should be that.

Note XIII.--A pronoun should not be used to represent an adjective; because it can neither express a concrete quality as such, nor convert it properly into an abstract. Example: "Be attentive; without which you will learn nothing." Better : "Be attentive; for without attention you will learn nothing."

FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE V.

No person should be censured for being careful of their reputation.

[Not proper, because the pronoun their is of the plural number, and does not correctly represent its antecedent noun person, which is of the third person, singular, masculine. But according to Rule 5th, "A pronoun must agree with its antecedent, or the noun or pronoun which it represents, in person, number, and gender." Therefore, their should be his; thus, No person should be censured for being careful of his reputation.]

"Every one must judge of their own feelings."—Byron.
He cannot see one in prosperity without envying them.
Rebecca took goodly raiment, and put them on Jacob.
Let each esteem others better than themselves.

The mind of man should not be left without something on which to employ his energies.

Under Note 1.

Many words they darken speech.

Asa his heart was perfect with the Lord.

66 Whom ye delivered up, and denied him in the presence of Pontius Pilate."—Acts iii. 13.

What I have mentioned, there are witnesses of the fact.
What he said he is now sorry for it.

Under Note 2.

Thou art my father's brother, else would I reprove you.
Your weakness is excusable, but thy wickedness is not.
Now, my son, I forgive thee, and freely pardon your fault.

Under Note 3.

Those are the birds whom we call gregarious.

He has two brothers, one of which I am acquainted with.
What was that creature whom Job called leviathan ?
There was a certain householder which planted a vineyard.

Under Note 4.

He instructed and fed the crowds who surrounded him. The court, who has great influence upon the public manners, ought to be very exemplary.

Under Note 5.

Herod (who is now another name for cruelty) murdered the children of Bethlehem.

He alluded to Howard—who is a name for all that is benevolent.

Under Note 6.

Who is she who comes clothed in a robe of green?

Men who are avaricious, never have enough.

All which I have, is thine.

Was it thou, or the wind, who shut the door?

Under Note 7.

The friend who was here, and that entertained us so much, will never be able to visit us again.

The curiosities which he has brought home, and that we shall have the pleasure of seeing, are said to be very rare.

Under Note 8.

Observe them in the order they stand.

My companion remained a week in the state I left him.

Under Note 9.

Remember the condition whence thou art rescued.

I know of no rule how it may be done.

He drew up a petition, where he too freely represented his own merits.

Under Note 10.

Many will acknowledge the excellence of religion, who cannot tell wherein it consists.

Every difference of opinion is not that of principle.

Under Note 11.

Thou art thyself the man that committed the act, who hast thus condemned it.

Thou hast no right to judge, who art a party concerned.

Under Note 12.

I had no idea but what the story was true.

He had no intimation but what the men were honest.

Under Note 13.

"Some men are too ignorant to be humble; without which there can be no docility."—Berkley.

Be accurate in all you say or do; for it is important in all the concerns of life.

RULE VI.—PRONOUNS.

When the antecedent is a collective noun conveying the idea of plurality, the Pronoun must agree with it in the plural number: as, "The jury were divided in their opinion."

OBSERVATION ON RULE VI.

Most collective nouns of the neuter gender may take the regular plural form, and be represented by a pronoun in the third person, plural, neuter; as, The nations will enforce their laws." This construction comes under Rule 5th. To Rule 6th, there are no exceptions.

NOTE TO RULE VI.

A collective noun conveying the idea of unity, requires a pronoun in the third person, singular, neuter, agreeably to Rule 5th; as, "The nation will enforce its laws."

FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE VI.

The committee will sit till it has come to a decision.

[Not proper, because the pronoun it is of the singular number, and does not correctly represent its antecedent committee, which is a collec

tive noun, conveying the idea of plurality. But, according to Rule 6th, "When the antecedent is a collective noun conveying the idea of plurality, the pronoun must agree with it in the plural number." Therefore, it should be they; thus, The committee will sit till they have come to a decision.]

In youth, the multitude eagerly pursue pleasure, as if it were its chief good.

The council were not unanimous, and it separated without coming to any determination.

The board of health publish its proceedings.

I saw all the species thus delivered from its sorrows.

Under Note to Rule 6th.

I saw the whole species thus delivered from their sorrows. There happened to the army a very strange accident, which put them in great consternation.

This court is famous for the justice of their decisions.

The crowd was so great that the judges with difficulty made their way through them.

RULE VII.—PRONOUNS.

When a Pronoun has two or more antecedents connected by and, it must agree with them in the plural number: as, "Charles and William can come when they

please."

EXCEPTION FIRST.

When two or more antecedents connected by and, serve merely to describe one person or thing, they are in apposition, and do not require a plural pronoun: as, "This statesman and uwrrior was beloved by his country."

EXCEPTION SECOND.

When two antecedents connected by and are emphatically distinguished, they belong to different propositions, and (if singular) do not require a plural pronoun: as, "The butler, and not the baker, was restored to his office."—"Truth and truth only is worth seeking for its own sake."

EXCEPTION THIRD.

When two or more antecedents connected by and are preceded by the adjective each, every, or no, they are taken separately, and do not

How many and what exceptions are there to Rule 7th ?
K

require a plural pronoun: as, Every plant and every tree produces It is the original cause of every reproach and

others after its kind."

distress which has attended the government."--Junius.

OBSERVATIONS ON RULE VIl.

Obs. 1.—When the antecedents are of different persons, the first person is preferred to the second, and the second to the third: as, "John and I are attached to our country."—" John and you are attached to your country."

Obs. 2.—The gender of pronouns, except in the third person singular, is distinguished only by their antecedents. In expressing that of a pronoun which has antecedents of different genders, the masculine should be preferred to the feminine, and the feminine to the neuter.

FALSE SYNTAX UNDER RULE VII.

Discontent and sorrow manifested itself in his conduct.

[Not proper, because the pronoun itself is of the singular number, and does not correctly represent its two antecedents, discontent and sorrow, which are connected by and, and taken conjointly. But, according to Rule 7th, "When a pronoun has two or more antecedents connected by and, it must agree with them in the plural number." Therefore, itself should be themselves: thus, Discontent and sorrow manifested themselves in his conduct.]

Poverty and obscurity will oppress him only who esteems it oppressive.

Avoid haughtiness of behaviour, and affectation of manners; it implies a want of solid merit.

If love and unity continue, it will make you partakers of one another's joy.

Hatred and animosity are inconsistent with Christian charity: guard, therefore, against the slightest indulgence of it. Every man is entitled to liberty of conscience and freedom of opinion, if he does not pervert it to the injury of others.

RULE VIII.—PRONOUNS.

When a Pronoun has two or more singular antecedents connected by or or nor, it must agree with them in the singular number: as, "Charles or William can come when he pleases."

OBSERVATIONS ON RULE VIll.

Obs. 1.—When a pronoun has two or more plural antecedents