3. The Adjective.—An Adjective is a word which expresses quality or degree, and is joined to a noun or pronoun to describe it: as, A wise man a new book; a fat ox. You two are diligent.

4. The Pronoun.—A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to repeat the idea: as, The boy is learning his lesson; he is diligent, and therefore he soon learns it.

5. The Verb.—A Verb is a word which affirms what is said of persons and things: as, I am here; the sun shines; I have loved.

6. The Participle.—A Participle is a word derived from a verb, and partakes of the nature of a verb and an adjective; and is generally formed by adding ing, d, or ed, to the verb: thus, from the verb rule, are formed three participles, two simple and one compound: as, 1. ruling, 2. ruled, 3. having ruled.

7. The Adverb.—An Adverb is a word joined to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or another adverb, to define it; and generally expresses time, place, degree, or manner : as, James is now here, studying very diligently.

8. The Conjunction.—A Conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences together, so as out of two or more sentences to make but one: as, Thou and he are happy, because you are good.

9. The Preposition.—A Preposition is a word used to express the relation between different objects or ideas: as, The book lies before me on the table.

10. The Interjection.—An interjection is a word which expresses some strong or sudden emotion of the mind; as, Oh! alas! It is sometimes placed before, and sometimes between, the parts of a sentence: as, Oh! I must go. My son, alas! is dead.

What is an adjective ?--- How is this exemplified? What is a pronoun ?---How is this exemplified? What is a verb?---How is this exemplified? What is a participle? How is this exemplified? What is an adverb ?---How is this exemplified? What is a conjunction ?---How is this exemplified? What is a preposition t..-How is this exemplified? What is an interjection ?--- What examples are given?

PARSING.

Parsing is the analysing or explaining of a sentence according to the definitions and rules of grammar.

A perfect definition of any thing or class of things is such a concise description of it as will distinguish that entire thing or class from every thing else.

A rule of grammar is some law, by which custom regulates and prescribes the right use of language.

EXAMPLES FOR PARSING.

CHAP. I. ETYMOLOGICAL.

In the First Chapter, it is required of the pupil—merely to distinguish and define the different parts of speech.

The definitions to be given in the First Chapter, are one, and only one, for each word, or part of speech. Thus:

EXAMPLE PARSED.

"Lo! the humble ass submits to the burden, and patiently undergoes the toil required of him."

Lo!. is an interjection.

The

Humble

Ass

An interjection is a word which ex-
presses some strong or sudden emotion
of the mind.

An article is a word placed before nouns,
to limit their meaning.
An adjective is a word which expresses
quality or degree, and is joined to a
noun or pronoun, to describe it.
A noun is a word which is either the
name of a person, animal, place, thing,
or idea.

A verb is a word which affirms what is
said of persons and things.

What is Pursing? What is a perfect definition? What is a rule of grammar? What is required of the pupil in the First Chapter for parsing? How many definitions are here to be given for each part of speech? How is the following example parsed? "Lo! the humble ass submits to the burden, and patiently undergoes the toil required of him." [Now parse, in like manner, the three lessons of the First Chapter.]

is a preposition. A preposition is a word used to express the relation between different objects or ideas.

is an article. An article is a word placed before nouns, to limit their meaning.

is a noun.

is a conjunction.

Patiently is an adverb.

is a verb.

A noun is a word which is either the name of a person, animal, place, thing, or idea.

A conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences together.

An adverb is a word joined to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or another adverb, to define it.

A verb is a word which affirms what is said of persons and things.

is an article. An article is a word placed before nouns,

is a noun.

to limit their meaning.

A noun is a word which is either the name of a person, animal, place, thing, or idea.

is a participle. A participle is a word derived from a verb, and partakes of the nature of a verb and an adjective.

is a preposition. A preposition is a word used to express the relation between different objects or ideas.

A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to repeat the idea.

LESSON I.

Wisdom, virtue, and happiness, dwell with golden mediocrity. The learned and the ignorant may be exposed to misfortunes.

The religious man fears, the man of honour scorns, to do an ill action.

Youth is the season of improvement. Diligence, industry, and proper improvement of time, are material duties of the young.

We should do good not only to those who do good to us, but also to those who injure us.

LESSON II.

"Cease every joy to glimmer on my mind,
But leave, O! leave the light of hope behind."

Campbell.

The character of Christianity abundantly shews that its origin must be divine.

Some men are too ignorant to be humble, and too vain to be instructed.

LESSON III.

To be correct in our conclusions, we must carefully examine both sides of the question. To appear well in company, we must study the happiness of others as well as our own.

"I care not, Fortune! what you may deny:

You cannot rob me of free Nature's grace,
You cannot shut the windows of the sky,

Thro' which Aurora shews her brightening face:
You cannot bar my constant feet to trace

The woods and lawns, by living streams, at eve:
Let health my nerves and finer fibres brace,
And I the toys to the great children leave :—
Of fancy, reason, virtue, nought can me bereave."

Thomson.

OF THE ARTICLE.

An Article is a word placed before nouns, to limit their meaning: the articles are a or an, and the.

An and a are one and the same article. An is used whenever the following word begins with a vowel sound; as, An army, an ox, an inch, an ounce, an hour, an urn.—A is used whenever the following word begins with a consonant sound; as, A woman, a house, a yew, a use, a ewer. Thus the consonant sounds of w and y, even when expressed by other letters, as in one, ewer, require a and not an before them.

CLASSES.

The articles are distinguished as the indefinite, and the definite.

I. The indefinite article is a or an, and is used to denote one thing of a kind, but not any particular one: as, A man, an apple.

What is an ARTICLE ?--- Mention the articles. Are an and a different articles, or the same? When is an used? and what are the examples? When is a used? and what are the examples? What form of the article do the sounds of w and y require? Repeat the alphabet, with an or a before the name of each letter. Name the parts of speech, with an or a before each name. How are the two articles distinguished in grammar? Which is the indefinite article, and what does it denote ?

II. The definite article is the, and is used to denote some particular thing or things; as, The man, the apples.

Obs. 1.—The English articles are not varied by numbers, genders, and cases, as are those of some other languages.

Obs. 2.—A common noun without an article or other word to limit its signification, is generally taken in its widest sense: as, Woman is endowed with gentleness.

EXAMPLE.

"An horse, a owl, and an ewe, lived together."

An horse is incorrect, because a is used whenever the following word begins with a consonant sound: a owl is incorrect, because an is used whenever the following word begins with a vowel sound: an ewe is incorrect, because the consonant sounds of w and y, even when expressed by other letters, require a and not an before them.

TO BE CORRECTED AND PASSED.

An hand. A hour. An use. An yard of cloth. An wrathful man. An yeoman. An whirlwind.

Law was given by Moses. Columbus discovered a continent of America.

OF THE NOUN.

A noun is a word which is either the name of a person, animal, place, thing, or idea: as, George, man, dog, London, apple, truth.

Obs. 1.—All words and signs taken technically (that is, independently of their meaning, and merely as things spoken of), are nouns; or, rather, are things read and construed as nouns; as, "Us is a personal pronoun." —Murray. "Th has two sounds."—Id. "Control is probably contracted from counterroll."—Crabb. "Without one if or but."—Cowper. "A is sometimes a noun; as, a great A."—Todd's Johnson.

Obs. 2.-In parsing, the learner must observe the sense and use of each word, and class it accordingly: many words commonly belonging to other parts of speech, are occasionally used as nouns, and must be

Which is the definite article, and what does it denote? What modifications have the articles? What is said of a common noun without an article? What is a NOUN ?Can you give some examples?