ders, who will doubtlefs be pleased to find the Fol. Lond. difcouraged by this lofs, made the best of their way to the Texel. The English having funk thirty three of the enemies fhips in this battle, and taken about twelve hundred prifoners (which notwithstanding the forbidding to give or receive quarter by Mencke in the beginning of the action, they compaffionately took up as they were fwimming about) did not think fit to pursue far, but retired to Seleboy, having purchased the victory with confiderable lofs; for they had four hundred men and eight captains flain or drowned in the fight, and about seven thousand wounded. The (x) BurDutch had fuffered fo extreamly, that they prefently chett's Nafued for a peace, and were glad to accept it on Crom- val Hiftory, well's own terms (x).' The principal conditions of 294.384. this peace, concluded April 5, 1654, were, That 1720. neither of the two republics fhould give reception, fuccour, protection, or affiftance to the enemies, or rebellious fubjects of the other; that the freedom. of navigation and commerce fhould be restored [fav< ing all the laws and ftatutes of either commonwealth • respectively] between the two nations, who obliged themselves, reciprocally, to defend each others fhips in cafe they were attacked by any other power; but the fuperiority of the flag was entirely yielded to England, and the Dutch men of war were to ftrike their colours to the English, upon all occafions. The republic of the United-Provinces, obliged herfelf to profecute and punish the authors of the maflacre of Ambyna, if they were yet alive; and to fend commiffioners to London to adjust the difputes of the feveral India companies of both nations, and to fettle the amount of the loffes fuftained by the English in the Eaft Indies, Brazil, Mufcovy, and Greenland, &c. that reftitution might be made by the States-General; and if the commiffioners appointed by the two nations fhould not be able to adjuft the points in difpute, then the decifion of them was to be left to the (y) Bur rifh's Batavia illuf Lond. 1728. ticus, No. 203, 204. P. 3457. the right of the British flag afferted, and fatif Suifs Cantons, who were pitched upon for arbitrators. The King of Denmark after a great deal of difficulty on the part of Cromwell, was included in the treaty as an ally of Holland, the States-General engaging to make good the loffes that the English merchants had fuftained by the feizure that prince had made of their fhips in the port of Copenhagen. Laftly, in order to render the alliance firm and lafting, the StatesGeneral promifed not to confer the fupream command of their forces, either by fea or land, upon any pertrata, vol. ii.fon who would not oblige himself by oath to an exP-530. 8vo. act obfervation of the treaty (y).The province And Mer- of Holland, by a feparate article, engaged never to percurius Poli- mit the Prince of Orange to be ftadtholder, or any of his defcendants. The other provinces, against their wills, afterwards did the like. Mr. Hume has added, That eighty-five thousand pounds were ftipulated to be paid by the Dutch Eaft India company for loffes which the English company had fuftained; and the ifland of Polerone in the Eaft Indies was promifed to be yielded to the latter (z). Nothing of this appears in the treaty itself. Mr. Burrish, however, informs us, That the • Dutch complied very exactly with the terms of the treaty, and fent commiffioners into England within the limited time, who agreed to reflore the ifle of Polerone, to make fatisfaction to the heirs and executors of those who had been maffacred at Amboyna, and to furnifh nine hundred thoufand livres, at two payments, (a) Batavia by way of compofition, for all the pretenfions England might hitherto have against them (a).' 3462. (z) Hift. of Great Britain, vol. ii. P. 55. illuftrata, vol. ii. p. 533. . Cromwell carried things with an high hand during this whole affair. The Dutch deputies were plainly told, That if the treaty was not figned before their depar<ture from hence, and mutual engagements paffed for the ratification thereof within a time now to be agreed 6 upon, his highness doth declare, that he fhall not hold himfelf obliged thereunto to any the parts thereof, ' but fatisfaction ftipulated for the murders at Am boyna. but shall account the treaty to be at an end (b).' And (6) Thur by the treaty the States-General were to pay down in loe, vol. i. London 5000l. fterling, towards the charges of the merchants in going to Denmark about their goods and effects detained there; 20000 rix-dollars to fuch of them as Oliver should appoint on their arrival in Denmark, for repairing their fhips and fitting them for fea; and caution and fecurity was to be given alfo by fufficient men, living in London, that reftitution fhould be made by the States-General for the damages done by Denmark to the merchants. This fecurity was 140,000l. fterling; the States gave a bond to fome merchants for the above sum, and the ambassadors were forced to give them ano- (c) Id. vol. ther for 20,000l. more to fave them harmless (c).——————— ii. p. 247~ The peace was proclaimed at London April 17, 1654, with great folemnity: after which the ambaffadors were entertained at dinner by the Protector; the mufic playing all the while. The Lord Protector, adds the ambaf• fador, (from whofe relation I give this) had us into another room, where the Lady Protectrice and others came to us, where we had alfo mufic and voices, and a Pfalm fung, which his highnefs gave us, and told us, that it was yet the best paper that had been exchanged between us (d).' Cromwell was careful to act ftill in character.--I have obferved in the text, that this peace has not wanted cenfurers. Mr. Ludlow feems to blame it, because there was no provifion made by this treaty for the coalefcence fo much infifted upon during the adminiftration of affairs by the parliament (e); (e) Vol. ii. Mr. Stubbe for its leaving undecided the fovereignty of Farther the feas, and the rights of the fishery (f); and we are told Juftificathat Moncke refented it as a base treachery in Cromwell, to tion, p. 66. • make a fudden peace with the Dutch, and betray all the advantages of the war, that he might go up to the (g) Gumthrone with more peace and fatisfaction (g).' To all which I may add that Mr. Burrish obferves, That 74. • Cromwell's acceptation of the exclufion of the young • Prince (d) Id. p. 257 P. 487. ble's Life of Monck, P. (b) Batavia illuftrata, vol. ii. p. 529. boyna. On this occafion medals were struck by the Dutch, and poetical panegyrics (ccc) in • Prince of Orange, in lieu of the coalition, is an undeniable proof, that he demanded the latter, from a motive of felf-intereft; because, fays he, I dare affirm, it could not be the intereft of the nation to abolish the office of ftadtholder (b). The reader will make his own remarks on thefe cenfures. I will close this note with obferving, that the parliament had drawn out a fummary of the damages sustained by the English com(i) Milton's pany in the East Indies from the Dutch Eaft India company, and had made the fum total 1,681,9967. 15s. (i) Probably, they had not confidered the Dutch claims on the English at that time. Profe Works, vol. ji. p. 201. (ccc) Medals were ftruck by the Dutch, and poetical panegyrics made on Oliver.] The Dutch ftruck three medals on this joyful occafion. These medals reprefented, 1. Neptune on a car, drawn by two fea-horses. The fhields of arms of England and Holland, borne on his knees; on each fide of him a Triton swimming; and on the top a Caduceus, which fupports Mercury's winged hat between too branches of a palm.-Round the medal is a verfe from Terence, altered thus, Amantium Ira Amicitia Redintegratio eft.—On the reverse was this infcription in Dutch, In memory of the peace, union, and folemn confederacy concluded at Westminster, April 15, between his highnefs the Lord Protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and their High Mightineffes the States-General of the United-Provinces; of which the ratifications were duly exchanged by both parties, May 2, and publifhed the 27th of the fame month, in the year 1654, N. S.' 2. Two women fitting together, jointly fupporting a hat, as an emblem of the liberty of the two republics. The English dame bears on her knees a harp, and the Dutch has a Belgic lyon couching at her feet. • Men in praise of Oliver were composed by some Mentibus unitis prifcus procul abfit Amaror, • Pilea ne fubito parta Cruore ruant.' On the exergue. • Conclufa decimo quinto Aprilis, anno 1654.' Reverse. of Two fhips, one carrying the colours of Holland, and the • Luxuriat gemino nexu tranquilla Salo res, 3. The figures of Peace and Justice, with their emblems. • Hæ mihi erunt artes.' Reverse. Quod fœlix fauftumque fit. Poft atrox Bellum, quod inter Anglica Belgicaque reipublicæ rectores, bis fruftra tentatis pacis conditionibus, anno 1654 exarfit, in quo maximis utrinque Claffibus, fex Septentrionali, • duo Mediterraneo Mari, pugnata funt cruenta prælia, Dei Optimi Maximi Beneficio, Aufpiciis Olivarii, Magne Britannia Protectoris, Fæderati Belgii Ordi (k) Parlia < num, Pax cum antiquo Fædere reftituta; cujus optimæ rerum in memoriam fempiternam fenatus populufque Amftelodamenfis hoc monumentum fieri cura- Hiftory, vol. runt (k).' I have mentioned poetical panegyrics above. These now are to be given an account of. It had been, as it yet is, the custom for the univerfities of this kingdom to compose poems in different languages to celebrate the inaugurations and the illuftrious actions of princes. Among these latter, the fettlement of peace and friendship upon honourable and beneficial terms, with a nation with whom they contended, has ever juftly been deemed moft glorious. Inafmuch as the end thereby is accom mentary xx. p. 286. |