it is certain that the height of the mast ought to be determined by the inclination of the vessel, and that the point of her greatest inclination should be the term of this height above the centre of gravity. PROPORTIONS FOR THE LENGTHS AND DIAMETERS OF MASTS IN THE ROYAL NAVY, FROM FALCONER. Lengths of masts.-The length of the lowerdeck and extreme breadth being added together, the half is the length of the main-mast; thus the length of the lower-deck of a seventy-four-gun ship is 176 feet; breadth, extreme, forty-eight feet eight inches; added together, they make 224 feet eight inches. The half, or 112 feet four inches, is the length of the main-mast; which being determined, the other masts bear the following proportion : length; and the fore-mast nine-tenths of the diameter of the main-mast. Masts of cutters, three-fourths of an inch in diameter to every yard in length. Mizen-masts of ships of 100 to sixty-four guns, inclusive, three-fifths of the diameter of the mainmast. Fifty-gun ships, and under, two-thirds of the diameter of the main-mast. Main and fore-topmasts, one inch to every yard in the length of the fore-topmasts. Mizen-topmasts, seven-tenths of the diameter of the main-topmast. Topgallant-masts, one-inch to every yard in their lengths. Royal-masts, two-thirds of the diameter of their topgallant-masts. Bowsprits of ships of 100 to sixty-four guns inclusive, two inches less than the diameter of the main-mast. In fifty gun ships, and under, the same diameter as the main-mast. Fore-mast, eight-ninths of the main-mast. Mizen-mast, 100 guns, seven-eighths; ninety PROPORTIONS FOR THE LENGTHS AND DIAMETERS guns to fifty, six-sevenths; forty-four guns to twenty, five-sixths of the main-mast. In sloops, the mizen-mast is three-fourths of the main-mast. When the mizen-mast steps on the lower-deck, the depth of the hold is to be deducted from the length here given. This method is now generally practised in the royal navy. Main-topmast, three-fifths of the main-mast. Fore-topmast, eight-ninths of the main-top mast. Mizen-topmast, three-fourths of the main-top mast. In sloops, the mizen-topmast is five-sevenths of the main-topmast. Topgallant-masts, one-half the length of the topmast. Bowsprits, of eighty-gun ships and upwards, seven-elevenths of their main-masts. Bowsprits of seventy-four gun ships, and under, three-fifths of their main-masts. Brig's main-masts. The depth in the hold is added to the length and breadth, and one-half is the length of the main-mast. Cutter's main-masts. Add together the length of the deck, the breadth extreme, and depth in the hold; and three-quarters of that sum is the length of the main-mast. The diameters of masts.—Main and fore-masts, of ships of 100 to fifty guns inclusive, are one inch in diameter at the partners to every yard in length. Ships of forty-four to thirty-two guns, inclusive, nine-tenths of an inch to every yard in length. And ships of twenty-eight guns, and under, seven-eighths of an inch to every yard in the length. Main-masts of brigs, one inch to every yard in OF BOOMS. Lengths of booms.-Lower-studding sail-booms, five-ninths of the mam-yard. Top-studding sail-booms, one-half the length of the yards they go on. Flying jib-boom, five-sevenths of the bowsprit. Driver-boom, the same length as the maintopsail-yard. Diameter of booms.-Studding sail-booms, one inch to every five feet in the length. Flying jib-booms, seven-eighths of an inch to every yard in the length. Driver-boom, the same as the fore-topsail yard. PROPORTIONS FOR THE LENGTHS AND DIAMETERS OF MASTS, &c., FOR SLOOPS, SMACKS, AND lloys. Lengths of the masts, &c.-Mast and topmast in one, thrice and three-fourths the whole length. Mast to the rigging-stop or hounds, threefourths the whole length. Mast and topmast to the stop of the topmast, forty-one parts of the whole length. Topgallant-mast to the rigging stop, foursevenths of the length of the mast. Boom, two-thirds of the mast. Gaff, three-fifths of the boom. Diameter of the masts, &c.—Mast, one-fourth of an inch to every foot in length. Topgallant-mast, three-eighths of an inch to every foot in length. in Boom, three-sixteenths of an inch to every foot length. Gaff, one-fourth of an inch to every foot in length. VOL. XIII. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. TABLE of the DIMENSIONS of MASTS now used in the Royal Navy. NAMES OF THE MASTS. 110 GUNS. 2164 TONS. 90 GUNS. 1870 TONS. 80 GUNS. 1620 TONS. 74 GUNS. 1800 TONS. 64 GUNS. 1369 TONS. 50 GUNS. 1044 TONS. 44 GUNS. 879 TONS. 38 GUNS. 951 TONS. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. TABLE of the DIMENSIONS of MASTS now in the Merchant Service. NAMES OF THE MASTS. 1300 TONS. 1200 TONS. 1100 TONS. 1000 TONS. 900 TONS. 800 TONS. 700 TONS. 600 TONS. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam.] Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. Length. Diam. MASTER, n. s. & v. a. MASTERDOM, n.8. MASTERHAND, MASTERJEST, MASTERKEY, MAS TERSINEW, MASTERSTRING, MASTERSTROKE, MASTERLESS, adj. MASTERLY, tj. & adv. MASTERPIECE, n. s. MAS'TERSHIP, MASTERTEETH, Sax. mært (chief); Goth. mastur; Teut. meisteu; Fr. maistre; Ital. mastre; Lat. magister. A chief; governor; director; owner; possessor; commander of a vessel; teacher hence one skilled in a science or pursuit; a compellation of respect MAS'TERWORT, used to young genMASTERY. tlemen; a title of academical dignity to master is to rule; govern; subdue; execute with skill: masterdom is rule; dominion (obsolete): masterless, wanting a master or owner: masterly, with a master's skill; skilful; artful: mastership and mastery, dominion; rule; superiority; chief work; skill: masterwort, a plant. : As a wise master-builder I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon. 1 Cor. iii. 10. If a man strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned except he strive lawfully. 2 Tim. ii. 5. An unhappy master is he that is made cunning by many shipwrecks; a miserable merchant, that is neither rich nor wise, but after some bankrouts. Ascham's Schoolmaster. When all was past he took his forlorn weed, His silver shield now idle masterless. Faerie Queene. Chief mastery to dissect, With long and tedious havock, fabled knights In battles feigned. Milton's Paradise Lost. Who shall break the master-jest, And what, and how, upon the rest? He could attain to a mastery in all languages, and found the depths of all arts and sciences. Hudibras. Tillotson. If gaming does an aged sire entice, Then my young master swiftly learns the vice. Dryden. Spenser and Fairfax, great masters of our language, saw much farther into the beauties of our numbers than those who followed. Id. Honour burns in me, not so fiercely bright, But pale as fires when mastered by the light. Id. This master-key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. Id. As for the warmth of fancy, the masterly figures, and the copiousness of imagination, he has exceeded all others. Id. Id. This wonderous masterpiece I fain would see; This fatal Helen, who can wars inspire. Two youths of royal blood, renowned in fight, The mastership of heaven in face and mind. Id. Id. You shall put This night's great business into my dispatch, Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom. The foul opinion Id. You had of her pure honour, gains, or loses, Thou dost speak masterly, You were used Shakspeare. To give sufficient sweetness, a mastery in the language is required: the poet must have a magazine of words, and have the art to manage his few vowels to the best advantage. Id. Then comes some third party, that masters both plaintiff and defendant, and carries away the booty. L'Estrange. This is the case of those that will try masteries with their superiors, and bite that which is too hard. Id. The best sets are the heads got from the very tops of the root; the next are the runners, which spread from the mister roots. Mortimer's Husbandry. Masterwort is raised of seeds, or runners from the Id. Excuse The pride of royal blood, that checks my soul: the master of a bouse. Guardian. To the Jews join the Egyptians, the first masters of learning. South. Let those consider this who look upon it as a piece of art, and the mute piece of conversation, to deceive, and make a prey of a crelalous and well-meaning honesty. He touched me Even on the tenderest point, the master-string Id. Rowe. When I have thus made myself master of a hundred thousand drachms, I shall naturally set myself on the foot of a prince, and will demand the grand vizir's daughter in marriage. Addis A man either discovers new beauties, or receives stronger impressions from the masterly strokes of a great author every time he peruses him. Id. In the first ages, when the great souls, and masterpieces of human nature, were produced, men shined by a roule simplicity of behaviour. 12. He that does not pretend to painting is not touched at the commendation of a master in that profession. Comter. Ye skilful masters of Machaon's race, Arbu hot. The master-siner is a large sinew that surrounds the hougn, and divides it from the bone by a hellow place, where the wind-galls are usually seated, which is the largest and most visible sinew in a horse's body; this oftentimes is relaxed or restrained. Farrier's Dictionary. O thoa, my friend, my genius, come along, Thou master of the poet, and the song. Pope. Musick resembles poetry; in each Are nameless graces which no methods teach, And which a master-hand alone can reach. Ye maist wad think, a wee touch langer, An' they maun starve o' cauid an hanger. Beru As christians, we are the servants of Christ; and the various duties which servants owe to their tr in any degree, those we owe to him in the highest degree. Muson. MASTER, magister, was a title frequent among the Romans; they had their master of the people, magister populi, who was the dictator. Master of the cavalry, magister equitum, wh› held the second post in an army after the dictator. Under the late emperors there were also masters of the infantry, magistri peditum. A master of the census, magister census, who bai nothing of the charge of a censor, or subcensor, as the name seems to intimate; but was the same with the præpositus frumentariorum. MASTER AT ARMS, an officer appointed to teach the officers and crew of a ship of war the exercise of small arms; to confine and plart sentinels over the prisoners, and superintend whatever relates to them during their confinement. He is also to observe that the fire and lights are extinguished as soon as the evening gun is fired, except those which are permitted by proper authority, or under the inspection of sentinels. It is likewise his duty to attend the gangway when any boats arrive aboard, and search them carefully, together with their rowers, that no spirituous liquors may be conveyed into the ship, unless by permission of the commanding officer. In these several duties he is assisted by proper attendants, cailed his corporals, who also relieve the sentinels and one another at certain periods. MASTER, GRAND, a title given to the chiefs of the orders of knighthood, &c.; such as the grand master of Malta, of St. Lazarus, of the golden fleece, of the free-masons, &c. The late emperor Paul of Russia assumed the title of grand master of Malta, upon the French taking possession of the island; but did not live to enforce his claim to it. MASTER AND SERVANT. The English law on this subject may be thus considered. SECT. I.-OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SERVANTS. 1. The first sort of servants, acknowledged by called from being intra mœnia, or domestics. the laws of England, are menial servants; so All single men between twelve years old and sixty, and married ones under thirty years of age, and all single women between twelve and forty, not having any visible livelihood, are compellable by two justices to go out to service in busbandry or certain specific trades, for the promotion of honest industry; and no master can put away his servant, or servant leave his master, after being so retained, either before or at the end of his term, without a quarter's warning; unless upon reasonable cause to be allowed by a justice make a special bargain. of the peace: but they may part by consent, or The contract between servants and their mas ters arises upon the hiring, and Blackstone observes, that, if the hiring be general without any particular time limited, the law construes it to be |