be made satisfactory to the stricter party in Massachusetts;that with this view, they applied to Chief Justice Sewall and Mr. Secretary Addington for the draft of a charter ;-that a draft was prepared by those gentlemen and sent on, "not founded, like the charters of Harvard, on 'the instituting, guiding, and furthering of the said college, and the several members thereof, from time to time, in piety, morality, and learning,' but on something which they doubtless deemed more safe and scriptural, 'the reciting, memoriter, the Assembly's Catechism in Latin, Dr. Ames's Medulla, and also his Cases of Conscience, accompanied on the Sabbath by expositions of practical theology and the repeating of sermons, and on week days by reading and expounding the Scriptures;""-that this draft "was adopted without any material alterations, by the founders of the colleg in Connecticut ;" -that "from this period, the college of Connecticut began to be deemed by the stricter sect of Calvinists, the strong hold of their opinions ;"-and that "their favor soon became to that intitution, an element of worldly prosperity and success." pp. 198, 199. Without imputing any improper motives or bad intentions to President Quincy, we are constrained to say, that this whole statement, in nearly every branch and member of it, is little better than a tissue of misrepresentations. In the first place, there was no real foundation, at that time, among the Congregationalists of New England, for the distinction, so much insisted on by President Quincy, between the strict and the moderate Calvinists. They were all Calvinists, on the ground of the Westminster symbols,-the Brattles, and Colman, and Willard, and Leverett, as really so, as Sewall, or Addington, or even the Mathers.--And if there had been such a distinction as President Quincy supposes, there is no evidence that the Connecticut ministers made suit to the stricter class, more than to the laxer. No indication of any such design or motive as President Quincy has imputed to them can be discovered in any record of their early proceedings.

The draft of a charter, furnished by Sewall and Addington, was also a very different thing from what President Quincy represents it. In the original paper, which still exists in the archives of Yale College, there is nothing about "reciting memoriter the Assembly's Catechism;" nothing about Ames's "Cases of Conscience;" nothing about "expositions of practical theolgy," or "reading and expounding the Scriptures."

And that "the founders of the college in Connecticut adopted, without any material alterations, the draft" furnished them

from Boston, is far from being an accurate statement. This draft arrived only just in time for the friends of the college to glance at it, previous to the final action of the legislature; and almost no use was made of it, in the charter which was enacted.

So far was "the college in Connecticut" from being deemed, henceforward," by the stricter sect of Calvinists, as the strong hold of their opinions," that in 1714 we find Dr. Colman distressed with the apprehension that it was becoming infected with Arminianisun, and beseeching one of the trustees to look into the matter, and clear it, if possible, from so foul" an aspersion."*-And so far was the favor of the Boston Calvinists from becoming, to the new college," an element of worldly prosperity and success," that not a student went to Yale from the eastern part of Massachusetts, for more than forty years; nor was a shilling received into its treasury from any part of Massachusetts, for more than a century.†

It is made matter of complaint, in this connection, that some of "the sons of Harvard solicited donations for Yale College, and even attempted to give the tide of individual bounty, which was flowing towards Cambridge, a direction towards New Haven." p. 199. That some of the sons of Harvard solicited donations for Yale College, during the period of its infancy, I hope may be admitted, without offence. Not a few of them resided in Connecticut, some as settled ministers, others as magistrates; and while they did not forget the college at Cambridge, and in some instances subscribed liberally to its funds, it was natural that they should feel a deep interest in the college of their own state, and that such a man as Cotton Mather should be able to extend his views beyond the litte circle of Boston and Cambridge, and assist, by his letters and influence, in procuring funds for the new college in Connecticut, I regard as evidence of a liberal mind-of a noble, expansive, generous spirit. It should be recorded to his honor, and not his reproach, that he secured for the new college the patronage of the Hon. Mr. Yale;

* See Life of Colman, p. 62.

† For these and other important facts, I am indebted chiefly to the Review of President Quincy's History of Harvard Col lege, published in the American Biblical Repository.

Gurdon Saltonstall, for many years governor of Connec ticut, bequeathed 100 pounds, lawful money, to Harvard College. His wife gave no less than 1100 pounds to the same institution. p. 420.

on which account, it soon after received the name, which it still so honorably bears, of Yale College.

In the concluding part of the sentence above quoted, there is a reference to Mather's alleged attempt to turn a way the bounty of Mr. Hollis from Cambridge, and direct it to New Haven; -a charge which has before been shown to rest entirely on suspicion, there being not a particle of evidence for its support.

At a later period, President Quincy recurs to his favorite idea, that Yale College "had been founded under the auspices of persons discontented with the religious state of Harvard, and adds:

"After the lapse of half a century, it was again regarded as the place of refuge, in the impending dangers of the Calvinistic faith. Accordingly, in the year 1752, the clergy of Connecticut, with the co-operation of the Calvinistic sect in Massachusetts, sedulously began the task of settling and securing orthodoxy in the college at New Haven. In November, 1753, the president and fellows of that seminary passed votes, declaring that the students should be established in the principles of religion, according to the Assembly's Catechism, Dr. Ames's Medulla, and Cases of Conscience, and should not be suffered to be instructed in any different principles or doctrines." Vol. II. p. 70.

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In the statements here made, President Quincy is scarcely more accurate, than in those which have been already examined. In the year 1753, the president and fellows of Yale College did indeed pass an act, with the design" to preserve and secure the religion of the college upon its original foundation and constitution;" in which they declare, that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are the only rule of faith and practice, in all matters of religion;" that "the Assembly's Catechism and Confession of Faith contain a true and just summary of the most important doctrines of the Christian religion;" that " every person who shall hereafter be chosen a president, fellow, professor of divinity, or tutor, shall publicly give his consent to the said Catechism and Confession of Faith, and renounce all doctrines or principles contrary thereto;" but that "Protestants of all denominations may send their children to receive the advantages of college," provided they will conform to its laws and orders.* It does not appear, however, that " the Calvinistic sect in Massachusetts," or even "the clergy of Connecticut," taken as a body, exerted the slightest influence in procuring this act; or that it grew out of any suspicions of heresy as at that time prevailing

* See Baldwin's Annals of Yale College, p. 68.

in and around Boston. On "the New Light" question, which at that period was the one of principal interest, the college at New Haven had taken much the same ground as that at Cambridge. Both opposed Whitefield and the other Revivalists, and sided rather with Chauncy_than with Edwards, in point of religious feeling and views. But a professorship of divinity was now to be founded in Yale College. An individual was to be set apart to preach to the students, and instruct them in the doctrines and duties of religion. And by President Clap and others, the opportunity was thought to be a favorable one, for providing against those perversions to which public institutions are always exposed, and "securing the religion of the college upon its original foundation and constitution." There is nothing, however, in the act passed at this time, requiring that "the students should be established in the principles of religion, according to the Assembly's Catechism, Dr. Ames's Medulla, and Cases of Conscience, and should not be suffered to be instructed in any different principles or doctrines." The preamble states, that formerly there had been a regulation of this nature; but the act itself lays no such injunction for the time to come.

The latter part of President Leverett's administration was far from being peaceful or happy. He was exceedingly straitened for the means of subsistence, and there seemed little disposition on the part of the representatives of people to support him. There were various embarrassing difficulties, also, in connection with college. We have mentioned already the case of Pierpont, who was refused his second degree, on the ground of allegations brought against him by one of the tutors. This circumstance, small in itself, was the means of dividing the corporation and the overseers, and was thought, for a time, to threaten the dissolution of the college itself.

This difficulty was scarcely settled, when another of a still more formidable character arose. In 1721, two of the tutors, Messrs. Sever and Welsteed, presented to the overseers a memorial, claiming seats at the board of the corporation, by virtue of being fellows and actual residents at the college. This claim, being favored by the overseers and resisted by the corporation, was carried, at length, into the legislature, and would probably have been successful, but for the firmness of Governor Shute. It was sufficient to disturb and distract the government of the college, for more than two years.

In this difficulty, as in nearly all others, "the strict Calvinists" are represented by President Quincy as the prime agents. These

Calvinists, like some evil genius, seem to haunt the brain of the honorable president, and are sure to be lugged in on all occasions of difficulty. The division among Christians, which his language indicates, had no existence, however, out of his brain. That there were parties in that day, and parties more or less connected with religion, there can be no doubt; but that these were based on theological peculiarities-on the reception by some, and rejection by others, of the several points of Calvinismwe have shown already was not the fact. The differences had respect rather to measures than doctrines-rather to points of ecclesiastical order and usage than to those of theological speculation. It is not certain, however, that even these questions had much to do with the agitations in the college government, to which we have referred. Mr. Peirce gives quite a different view of the matter from President Quincy, and one, it has seemed to us, altogether more probable. "For a long period, the number of tutors had been only two, and till the year 1720, had never exceeded three. It appears that, till then, the tutors had generally formed a part of the corporation, and had been styled Resident Fellows, or Fellows of the House. The growth of the college having rendered it necessary to increase the number of tutors to four, it was judged" inexpedient to elect them all into the corporation, and tutors Sever and Welsteed were excluded. They became dissatisfied on this account, and presented a memorial to the overseers on the subject.* * We have here a very natural account of the origin of the difficulty, without the intervention of any of those religious prejudices, which President Quincy supposes were so deeply concerned in it.

THE BOUNTY OF HOLLIS TO HARVARD COLLEGE.

It was during the presidency of Leverett that the bounty of Hollis first began to flow towards Harvard College. As there are some points connected with his donations, which have long been matter of dispute, and to which President Quincy has thought proper to devote a considerable space, it will be necessary to examine them with special care.

A primary question may be, who first conferred with Hollis respecting the claims of Harvard College, and led him to make it the object of his munificence? We believe all credible history and testimony, down to the date of the History before us,

* Hist. of Harvard University, p. 117.