England, fettled probably 1000 years before Chrift, 3. found by Cæfar to contain a great multitude of people, who fubfifted by feeding of flocks, 3. the Britons foon taught manufactures and commerce, 3. Romans continued from 55 years before Christ, till 446 after, 3-4. from this time began a war of 600 years continuance, 4. at the Conqueft divided into five classes of people, 4. fuppofed by Lord Ch. J. Hale and Gregory King to contain two million of inhabitants at the Conqueft, 4. a fcene of infurrections and foreign ravages to the time of the Great Charter, 5. ill effects of the Conqueft on the population, 5. the plague of 1349 said to have taken off half its inha bitants, II. number of inhabitants in 1377, 2,092,978, 14 the tax paid by most of the principal towns in England in 1377, 16-17. Edward III. raised 100,000 men to invade France, 18. attention to the trade, navigation, and commerce, from 1381, 24. the trade, in the reign of Richard III. carried on chiefly by Italians, 25. -the number of fighting men in 1575, 1,172,674, 37. in 1583, 1,172,000 the number of inhabitants 4,688,000, 38. communicants and recufants in 1603, 2,065,498, 39. navy in 1581, 72,450 tons, and 14,295 men, 40. 21,797 feamen registered in London in 1732, 41. the conftant increasing state of commerce from 1580, 43. £.95,512,095, raised by taxes, confifcations, and contributions, during the great rebellion, 44. Conformists, Non-conformists, and Papifts, in 1689, 2,599,726, 50. -houfes in England and Wales in 1665, 1,230,000-in1690, 1,300,000, 51. number of inhabitants, according to Gregory King, 5,500, 500, 55. 62. 7,000,000 of inhabitants at the Revolution, 58. the quick raifing of armies no proof of population, 58. the number of fighting men at the Revolution, 1,308,000, 1 England, England, income of the nation, L. 45,500,000, 62. yearly expence of the people, £.41,700,000, 62. value of the kingdom, £. 650,000,000, 63. circulating money, according to Davenant, .18,500,000; according to King, £.11,500,000, 63. annual income of James II. £. 2,061,856. 75. 9 d. 63. income paid into the exchequer in 1691,£.4,249,757, 64, fupplies during the war, £. 5,105,505, 64. diftreffes during the Revolution war, 67. in the reign of Queen Anne contained 2,025,000 fighting men, 83. taxes in 1701, £.3,769,375, 85. paid into the exchequer, in 1703, £. 5,561,944, 85. proved to be in a thriving condition in 1729, 111-12. falfely represented by Lord Lyttelton, Pope, and William Richardfon, in 1738, to have been in a distressed state, 1'12-13. furplus of taxes paid into the finking fund in 1738, £.1,231,127, 114. —— in 1750, represented by Lord Bolingbroke, Pope, Rich ardfon, and Morris, to be in a diftreffed ftate, when the nation was most profperous, 120-21. difadvantages from the increased territory in America and the West Indies, 141. retained too much territory by the peace of 1762, 142-3. ftill continues to profper, 143. advantages from the encouragement of agriculture, 144-5. from improving the roads, and making navigable canals, 146-7 improvements in our harbours and great towns, 148. ufeful regulation of our fhipping, 150-2. falfely reprefented as on the decline after the peace of 1763; the real state at that time, 152. furplus produce of land and labour exported, on an average, in 1772, 3, 4, £.15,613,003, 152. at the colonial revolt, fuppofed to contain 2,350,000 fighting men, 156-7. falfe alarms on account of the American war, 166-7. U 4 England, England, ftate of the commerce with America in 1771, 2; 3* and 1784, 167. fuffered no lofs from the independence of America, 167-8 derives many benefits from the independence of America, 167-173 chronological table of the commerce of, from the Restora tion to 1793, 234: eftimate of the trade of, in 1694, 5, 6, according to Sir Philip Meadows' calculation, compared with the ledger of the Infpector General, 239. -her state at different periods, Ded. ix—xvi—xviii. European nations, their state.-Ded. iv-vi. Exchequer, income of, in 1691, £.4,249,757, 64. compared to the human heart, 192. revenue of, in 1783, 1784, and 1785, 192. Fisheries, encouraged in 1381, 24. Food, keeps population full, and accumulates numbers, 2. France, the impolitic conduct of, in affifting the Americans 171. Funding, the fyftem of, its hiftory, Ded. lxxii-xxx. Gardening, little understood before the time of Henry VIII. George I. little folicitous about his crown, 97, the profperity of the nation, 98. the national debt at his acceffion and demife, 99-101. the taxes, during his reign, 101-2. the state of his navy, 103, the state of trade and shipping, 104-5: the falutary laws made during his reign, 107. George II. the ftate of the nation at his acceffion, 110-11. -the increase of trade and fhipping during the first ten years of his reign, 112.-A statement of, 112.-Complaints of their decline, 112-13. the ftrenth of Britain at the commencement of the war of 1739, 114-16. the loffes of trade from that war, 117. the profperity of the nation fubfequent to the peace in 1748, 118-20. George George II. additional encouragements given, 123, the refources of Britain when it began, 127-8, the groundless complaints of Hume and Blackstone, 132-3 agriculture encouraged, 144. the making of roads promoted, 146, the gold coin reformed, 151. the number of laws for making local improvements 275. the colonial revolt, 154: the state of the nation at that epoch, 155-8. the loffes of trade from the war of the colonies, 160. the revival of trade on the peace, 163-4 the national debt, 176—8. the new finking fund established, 180. the numbers of people during his reign, 220. the coinage, trade, and shipping of his reign, 234-the chronological table. the numbers of fhips within the British dominions, 1791, 92, 93, 286. the profperity of Britain from 1783 to 1793, 269-82. the state of the nation, 284-7. the losses of trade, 288. -- the people being more enlightened, more industrious, and more opulent, are more able to bear the misfortunes of bufinefs and war, 288. Greenland Fisher, state of, in 1772-5, compared with 1782-5, 169. Hale, Lord Chief Juice, fuppofed man urged to procreation by instinct, 1-2. Hale, Hale, Lord Chief Justice, fuppofed England to contain two n il lions of inhabitants at the Conqueft, 4. his opinion in favour of a progreffive population, 50. his favourable judgment of the parish registers, 51. Hearth-Tax, of 1696, account of, 196. Gregory King's calculation of, with obfervations, 197. Henry IV. his magnanimity quoted, Dedic. cii. Henry V. King, the want of inhabitants in his reign, occafioned by the wars and by the plague, 18-19. Henry VII. King, drew over woollen manufacturers from the Netherlands, 26. Henry VIII. King, agriculture and gardening much improved in his reign, 28. intereft of money at 10 per cent. 29. Highways, the first act for their repair in the time of Queen turnpikes established in the reign of Charles II. 33. greatly improved fince the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 147. Houfes in England, the number returned to the tax-office at different periods, from 1750 to 1794, 216. number of houfes chargeable in 1756 and 1794, 214. the number of houfes charged to taxes in each county, in England and Wales, in 1690, 1708, 1750, and 1781, 216 Hume (Mr. David) his opinion on population, 2—15. his opinion on government, 7. his perplexity about the populoufnefs of Elizabeth's reign, 38. his declamations on the national debt, 132. the state of England, when he wrote, Ded. ix. his narrow views of the fubject, Ded. x. James I. King, his reign aufpicious to profperity and populou nefs, 41. falutary laws paffed in his reign, 41. James II. King, his annual income, £.2,061,856. 75. 91d. 63-80. Inclofu es, proclamations againft, as injurious to husbandry, 32. Inclofures |