cause he does not regard it; yet it is no more the Fault of his Art that it does not direct him when his Attention is withdrawn from it, than it is the Defect of his Sight that he miffes his Way when he shuts his Eyes. Against this Caufe of Error there is no Provifion to be made, otherwife than by inculcating the Value of Truth, and the Neceffity of conquering the Paffions. But Logic may likewife fail to produce its Effects upon common Occafions, for want of being frequently and familiarly applied, till its Precepts may direct the Mind imperceptibly, as the Fingers of a Mufician are regulated by his Knowledge of the Tune. This Readiness of Recollection is only to be procured by frequent Impreffion; and therefore it will be proper when Logic has been once learned, the Teacher take frequent occafion, in the most eafy and familiar Converfation, to obferve when its Rules are preferved, and when they are broken, and that afterwards he read no Authors, without exacting of his Pupil an Account of every remark-able Exemplification or Breach of the Laws of Reasoning,

When this System has been digefted, if it be thought neceffary to proceed farther in the Study of Method, it will be proper to recommend Croufaz, Watts, Le Clerk, Wolfius, and Locke's Effay on Human Understanding; and if there be imagined any Neceffity of adding the Peripatetic Logic, which has been perhaps condemned without a candid Trial, it will be con

venient

venient to proceed to Sanderfon, Wallis, Crackanthorp and Ariftotle.

VII. To excite a Curiofity after the Works of God, is the chief Defign of the fmall Specimen of Natural Hiftort inferted in this Collection; which, however, may be fufficient to put the Mind in Motion, and in fome measure to direct its Steps; but its Effects may eafily be improved by a Philofophic Mafter, who will every Day find a thoufand Opportunities of turning the Attention of his Scholars to the Contemplation of the Objects that furround them, of laying open the wonderful Art with which every Part of the Universe is formed, and the Providence which governs the Vegetable and Animal Creation. He may lay before them, the Religious Philofopher, Ray, Derham's Phyfico-Theology, together with the Spectacle de la Nature; and in time recommend to their Perufal, Rondoletius and Aldrovandus.

IX. But how much foever the Reafon may be ftrengthened by Logic, or the Conceptions of the Mind enlarged by the Study of Nature, it is neceffary the Man be not fuffered to dwell upon them fo long as to neglect the Study of himself, the Knowledge of his own Station in the Ranks of Being, and his various Relations to the innumerable Multitudes which furround him, and with which his Maker has ordained him to be united for the Reception and Communication of Happiness. To con

fider thefe aright is of the greatest Importance, fince from thefe arife Duties which he cannot neglect. Ethics or Morality, therefore, is one of the Studies which ought to begin with the first Glimpse of Reason, and only end with Life itself. Other Acquifitions are merely temporary Benefits, except as they contribute to illuftrate the Knowledge, and confirm the Practice of Morality and Piety, which extend their Influence beyond the Grave, and increase our Happiness through endlefs Duration.

78!

This great Science therefore must be inculcated with Care and Affiduity, fuch as its Importance ought to incite in reafonable Minds and for the Profecution of this Defign, fit Opportunities are always at hand. As the Importance of Logic is to be fhewn, by detecting falfe Arguments, the Excellence of Morality is to be difplayed, by proving the Deformity, the Reproach, and the Mifery of all Deviations from it. Yet it is to be remembered, that the Laws of mere Morality are of no coercive Power; and however they may by Conviction of their Fitnefs please the Reafoner in the Shade, when the Paffions ftagnate without Impulse, and the Appetites are fecluded from their Objects, they will be of little force against the Ardour of Defire, or the Vehemence of Rage, amidst the Pleasures and Tumults of the World. Το counteract the Power of Temptations, Hope must be excited by the Profpect of Rewards, and Fear by the Expectation of Punishment;

and

and Virtue may owe her Panegyrics to Morality, but muft derive her Authority from Religion. 5

When therefore the Obligations of Morality are taught, let the Sanctions of Christianity never be forgotten; by which it will be fhewn, that they give Strength and Luftre to each other, Religion will appear to be the Voice of Reason, and Morality the Will of God. Under this Article must be recommended Tully's Offices, Grotius, Puffendorff, Cumberland's Laws of Nature, and the excellent Mr. Addifon's Moral and Religious Effays.

X. Thus far the Work is compofed for the Ufe of Scholars, merely as they are Men. But it was thought neceffary to introduce fomething that might be particularly adapted to that Country for which it is defigned; and therefore a Difcourse has been added upon Trade and Commerce, of which it becomes every Man of this Nation to understand at least the general Principles, as it is impoffible that any should be high or low enough, not to be in fome degree affected by their Declenfion or Profperity. It is therefore neceffary that it fhould be univerfally known among us, what Changes of Property are advantageous, or when the Ballance of Trade is on our Side; what are the Products or Manufactures of other Countries; and how far one Nation may in any Species of Traffic obtain or preferve Superiority over ano

ther.

ther. The Theory of Trade is yet but little understood, and therefore the Practice is often without real Advantage to the Public: But it might be carried on with more general Succefs, if its Principles were better confidered; and to excite that Attention, is our chief Defign. To the Perufal of this Book may fucceed that of Mun upon foreign Trade, Sir Jofiah Child, Locke upon Coin, Davenant's Treatifes, the British Merchant, Dictionaire de Commerce, and for an Abstract or Compendium Gee, and an Improvement that may hereafter be made upon his Plan.

XI. The Principles of Laws and Government, come next to be confidered; by which Men are taught to whom Obedience is due, for what it is paid, and in what degree it may be justly required. This Knowledge by peculiar Neceflity conftitutes a Part of the Education of an Englishman, who profeffes to obey his Prince according to the Law, and who is himself a fecondary Legiflator, as he gives his Confent by his Representative, to all the Laws by which he is bound, and has a Right to petition the great Council of the Nation, whenever he thinks they are deliberating upon an Act detrimental to the Intereft of the Community. This is therefore a Subject to which the Thoughts of a young Man ought to be directed; and that he may obtain fuch Knowledge as may qualify him to act and judge as one of a free People, let him be directed to add to this Introduction, Fortefcue's Trea