Almanzor, Caliph, 479.
Al-Mostasem, caliph, his mean behaviour, 495.
ABASSIDE, caliphs, 479. illustrious race, ibid. extinguished, when, 495, 496. Abelard, Peter, and Heloisa, 508. Abulfeda, Arabian historian, account of Alpharabi, 479. of him, 480. quoted, passim. Abulpharagius, Arabian historian, account him, 480. quoted, passim.
Academy, the place where Plato taught,
Academy, New, by Arcesilas and Car- neades, 461.
Accent, differs from quantity, how, 405. accurately distinguished, anciently, ibid. prevailed at length over quantity, 408, 515. samples of its force, 409, 410. Accentual quantity, used even by classic writers, and by whom, and how far, 411. prevails in English verse, and in that of all the other modern languages, 411,
Accumulation, exemplified, 402, 403. cause or reason of its force, 403, 404. Accuracy, important every where, but where most so, 425.
Acrostics, chronograms, wings, altars, eggs, &c. finely described, 520, 521. Acts of the Apostles, 464. Addison, his elegant comedy, 446. superior to Swift, both in diction and wit and philanthropy, 538. fine comment on Mil- ton, 394.
Admiration, upon what founded,401. foolish, how cured, 453.
Adrian, a capital benefactor to Athens, 464. Ælian, 525.
Eneas Sylvias (afterward pope Pius the Second) deplores the taking of Constan- tinople, and describes its state, imme- diately previous to that fatal event, 476. Æschines, the Socratic, 452. Affability, see Saladin, 480.
Amalfi, the city, where the Pisans found Justinian's Code, 501.
Ammonius, his description of contraries, 402. account of him, and his valuable comments, 457.
'Avayrápiois. See Discovery. Anapastic measure, its solemnity and beauty, 520.
Anger, should remit, and why, 438. Anna Comnena, 530, 531. Annominatio, same with alliteratio, 415. Anson, his adventure with an old Greek, 477. Anthology, Greek, See Planudes, 470, 473. Antipater, 463.
Antiphona, described, 549. Arabians, 478-496. their national cha- racter, 478, 482. favoured medicine and astrology, 492, 494, 495. had no ideas of civil liberty, 495, 543. their poetry 484-487. loved allegory, 485. their degeneracy, 496.
Arabian poetry. See Poetry. Aratus, 464. Arcesilas, 461. Aristophanes, 469.
Aristotle, father of criticism, 389. quoted, 401, 402, 404, 406, 407, 408, 413, 415, 416, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 449, 451, 452, 460, 461, 462, 467, 470, 487, 496, 501, 508, 518, 519, 530, 540.
Arrian's Epictetus, 397.
Agriculture, in Arabian Spain, how excel- Ashley, Honourable Maurice Ash. Cowper,
Alaric takes Rome, 465.
Albigeois, cruelty of the crusaders towards them, 502. See Beziers-Inquisition. Alcidamas, his fine metaphor in describing the Odyssey, 441.
Alexander the Great, 463.
Alexandrian library, burnt, 458, 478. Alexius, Greek emperor, 530.
Allegro and Penseroso of Milton, 403. See Accumulation.
Alliteration, 414. examples of, from Latin,
ibid. from Greek, 415. from old English, ibid. from English less ancient, ibid. 416. from modern English, 416.
his fine translation of the Cyropædia, 395.
Astrology, 492, 494, 495. Atheism, what leads to it, 538. Athenæus 463, 467. Athens, a place of education, 464. of phi- losophical retreat, ibid. St. Paul there, ibid. besieged by Alaric, 465. how saved, and by whom, ibid. taken, and by whom, 466. present character of its inhabitants, from Spon, Wheeler, and Stuart, 467. Athenians, 459. their high taste, when it began, ibid. survived their empire, 460, 463.
Attica, still famous for olives and honey, 467. Atticus. See T. Pomponius.
Almamun, caliph, the great patron of litera- Averroes, 479. his patience, 491. his com- ture, 479, 488.
ment upon Aristotle, 496.
Augustus, 464.
Avicenna, 479.
Aulus Gellius, his enigma, 444.
Bacon, Roger, thought a magician, why, 499. Bacon, Lord Verulam, his judgment upon strange stories, 466.
Bagdad, when founded, and by whom, 495. when taken, ibid. 496. Banquet, imperial, at Constantinople, part of its ceremonial, 471. Barbarians, Western Latins, 499. Barons, Counts, &c. Barbarians, Persians so called, both by the old Greeks and modern Arabians, 484. Barons, 499, 531. See Counts, Barbarians, &c.
Barrington, his valuable book, 528. Battle, trials by, 455, 531. Bayle, 495.
Beauty, natural or inanimate, whence de- rived, 525, 526. See Tempe, 525. Virgil, and Horace, ibid. Milton, 526. Leland, 527. Sannazarius, ibid. Petrarch, ibid. Cyrus, 528. Philip le Bell, ibid. Bede, 497.
Beginners, advice to, 404, 405, 449, 450. Beings, aerial, fighting for their friends: Minerva and Achilles; Castor and Pol- lux; St. George, St. Demetrius, and St. Mercury; Peter de Paz, 465. Bentley, his strange idea of conjecture, 397. his strange treatment of the Paradise Lost, 398. his fine tract De Metris Terentianis, 411.
Carter, Mrs., excellent translator, why, 395. Catastrophe, in dramas, difficult, 433. how it is effected often in tragedy, ibid. how in comedy, ibid. lame expedients in both, ibid. happy catastrophe suited for comedy, 429, 430. unhappy for tragedy, ibid. Cave, the author, 456, 508. Cause, always exists, but not always ap- parent, 401. should always be traced, otherwise all is darkness, ibid.
Cebes, perfect MS. of his work in the king of France's library, 545, 546. Ceremonial of the Byzantine court, 471. eluded, how, and by whom, 490. Chance, nothing happens by, 388, 399, 401. Chapel of King's College, Cambridge, 524. Chaucer, genealogy of English poets from
him, 518. his language obsolete, his wit and learning excellent, ibid. his litera- ture and philosophy, ibid. 519. takes from Aristotle, and how, 519. Chivalry, 530.
Christianus Fredericus Matthæi, a learned professor in the university of Moscow, 549, 550.
Church, 470. its superior knowledge, both in the East and West, whence, 529. its humanity, 531.
Cicero, a critic, first in rank among the Romans, 390. his tract De Oratore, ibid. quoted, 407, 408, 412, 413, 417, 418, 419, 438, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 471, 475, 476, 501, 508.
Cimabue, the first Italian painter, taught by Greeks, 514.
Bezieres, sacked by the crusaders in a pe- Circulation, providential, 539.
culiar way, 502.
Boccaccio, 490.
Boethius, translated into Greek, by whom, 470.
Bohadin, Arabian historian, account of him, 480. extracts from his history, 480— 484. and again, 511, 512.
Bombast style, prior to the classical, why,
Books, corrupted in how many ways, 396. Bossu, 434, 439.
Brown's Fasciculus Rerum, &c. a curious book, 498.
Brutus and Cassius, 458, 463. Buckingham, duke of, a critic, 392. Cæsar, his clemency to the Athenians, 463. Caliphate, its splendour, 479, 485, 489. its extinction, 496.
Caliphs, instances of their affability, resent- ment, munificence, public works, 487- 490. story of the caliph and his physi- cian Honaïn, 493. of the same and his physician Bactish, ibid. of another caliph and his physician, ibid. 494. mean end of the last reigning caliph, 495. Cambalu, supposed the modern Pekin, de- scribed 522.
Carrion-crows, know what they like, 452.
Classes of men in letters, during the middle age, three, 456.
Classics, their value, 398. Climate, its effect, 532.
Coffee, a council of divines held upon it, 542. Comic poetry, subsequent to tragic and epic, why, 400. Commentators, 391, 457.
Commodianus, a bad poet, 408. samples of his bad verses, ibid. 409. Commodus, 464.
Composition, numerous, 389, 390, 399, 405 -408.
Concatenation. See Accumulation.
Conjecture, critical, 397. its misuse, ibid. 398. and use, 398.
Constantine, founder of the city called after him, 470, 476.
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, his book of the ceremonial of the Byzantine court, 471. remarkable instances of it, ibid. Constantinople, 454, 470. Latin MSS. were probably preserved in its libraries, 471. sacked by the Barbarians. See Nicetas, and 502.
Contemplation, noblest species of, 539. Conversation. See Saladin, 481. See also 493, 494.
Cornelius Nepos, 465. Counts, 530. their employ, 531. Barons and Barbarians. Critics, modern, philosophical, 392. torical, 392-395. corrective, 396. Critics, young, advised in two respects, as to the conduct of their judgment, 404, 405.
Critics, English, enumerated, 394. Criticism, its origin, 388, 389. its objects, 389. the philosophical, chap. i. and iii. 392. the historical, chap. ii. and iii. 392, 393. the corrective, chap. v. philoso- phical critics enumerated, chap. i. his- torical critics enumerated, 391. correc- tive critics enumerated, chap. v. criticism has been misused, 397. yet defended, 398. its three species repeated, 399. Crusades, 455. Baldwin's crusade, 472. when they began, 501. accounts of them, 503, 530, 531.
Crusaders, their destructive barbarity, 472
-475. their character by Nicetas, 475. Crusaders, their cruelty, 474, 502. (See Bezieres and Constantinople.) causes of their cruelty, 506. murdered all the Mahometans, when they took Jerusa- lem, 482, 483. never mended, but grew worse, 475, 501, 532.
Cupping, described in an enigma, 444. Curiosity, cautioned against, and why, 438. Custom, its force, 483.
Cyclopes, their brutality, whence, 532. Cyropædia of Xenophon, finely translated, 395. Dante, 518. Del-Rio, 465.
Demetrius of Phalera, a critic, 389. his character as such, ibid. quoted, 408, 416, 420.
Despotism, Oriental, 495, 543. Alávola. See Sentiment. Diction, its species described, 439-445. the vulgar, 439. the obscure, ibid. the elegant, ibid. the metaphorical, 440- 443.
Dictionaries, writers of, 393, 394. Dido, restless, while others rest, 401. Diodorus Siculus, when entire, 469. Diogenes Laert. 389, 460, 461. Dion, Chrysost. Oratio, 549.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus a critic, 389, 418. his character as such, ibid. quoted, 420.
Discovery, dramatic, àvayvúpiois, described, 429, 431, 446.
Domestic stories, their force, 447. Dramatic piece, defined, 427. its consti- tuent parts, how many and what, 427, 428. which of these parts appertain to the poet, which to other artists, 428. dramatic piece often fails in the fable, 432. more often admired for other merits,
433. may be justly admired for those other merits, 446, 447. yet to be per- fect, must be complete in every part, 446. illustrated from painting, 447. English drama capable of improvement, and how, ibid.
Drummer, comedy. See Addison. Dryden, 406, 410, 416, 438, 442, 443, 530. Duck, civilian, 501. Durfey, 453.
Ecclesiastes, quoted, 538. Ecclesiastics. See Church. Edgcumb, mount, 526, 528. Education, places of, same in England be- fore the conquest as now, 501. plan of education during the time of Edward the Confessor, ibid. during the time of Henry the Sixth, 524. perhaps began from Venerable Bede, 506. Edward, Confessor. Normandy.
Egitha, queen, and wife to Edward the Confessor, an accomplished woman, both in knowledge and in virtue, 500, 501. Elements of natural beauty, four, 525, 526. of the universe, as few, ibid. Eloquence, the noblest, where to be found, 390.
Emanuel Martin, a critic, 393. Empiric, story of, 394. Eneas, 402, 403, 539.
English authors quoted, why, 400. English Drama, may be improved, how,447. English language, its praise, 394. why
quoted, 400. its quantity, for the greater part, accentual, yet sometimes syllabic, 411, 412.
Enigmas, 444. from Aristotle, ibid. from Aulus Gellius, ibid.
Ennius, his alliteration, 416.
Epic and tragic poetry, prior to comic, why, 400. Epictetus, 460.
Epicurus, short sketch of his doctrine, 461. his gardens, 462.
Epopee comic, where to be found, 433. 'Epuéрakλal. See Mercury and Hercules. Escurial Library, account of its Arabic MSS., 540-543.
Eugenius, the Greek translator of the Georgics, 550.
Euripides, 398, 438, 450, 452, 457, 469. Eustathius, commentator upon Homer, 470. Eustratius, commentator upon Aristotle,470. Fables, dramatic, their species, 428, &c. tragic fable, 430-432. comic fable, 429, 432. good fables, rare, 432. fable of the Fatal Curiosity described, 431. super- latively excellent, ibid. tragic fable, the soul of tragedy, and why, 432. where to be found, 447, 449. fable, manners, and sentiment, estimated by Horace, 447. Fabricius, 457, 465, 468, 469, 470, 472, 473, 474, 475, 507, 517, 546.
Fatal Curiosity of Lillo, its fable, 431. its manners, 435. its sentiment, 436, 437. Faust, John, thought a magician, why, 499. Fazelius, the historian, 532.
Feet, syllabic, 405. the heroic, 406. the iambic, 407. the pæan, ibid. 408. the cretic, 408. English iambics, ibid. Eng- lish spondees, ibid. English dactyls, ibid. Feudal tenures, a supposed sketch of their rise, 532. Fielding, Henry, sketch of his character, 433. his Joseph Andrews and Tom Jones, master-pieces in the comic epopee,
Fortescue, sir John, chancellor of England under Henry the Sixth, his admirable book, 523, 524. his literature, 524. Fortitude, true, by what supported, 539. Franks. See Latins.
Friend, another self, a Peripatetic and Ara-
bic sentiment, 487.
Fuller, 465, 474, 484, 501, 502.
Future, how seen in the past, 539.
Greeks, Byzantine, account of their taste and literature, 456-477. Gronovius, (Thesaur. Antiq. Græcar.) 463, 464, 466, 546. Guido, 403. Gulliver, 538.
Gurdun, Bertram de, wounds Richard Cœur de Leon mortally, 513. his intrepid an- swer to Richard, as this last lay dying, ibid.
Gymnasia, their end, 462. adorned with sta- tues of Mercury and Hercules, why, 463. Habits, how easy, when acquired, 418, 481. Hagley, 526.
Hamlet, play of, its awful opening, 403. (See Accumulation.)
Hamlet, his manners, questionable, and why, 434, 435, 503. quoted, 451. Harmodius and Aristogiton, 463. Helen, a capital statue of, described, 474. Heloisa. See Abelard, 508.
Henry the First, 505. a learned prince, 506. speech before his father, ibid. Henry of Huntingdon, 504.
Gardens, of Epicurus, 462. modern, their Herbelot, 479, 496.
Genius, none but men of, can metaphorize well, 440. genius never cramped by rules, 449, 450.
Gerbertus, a learned ecclesiastic, 488. be- came pope, ibid. thought, from his know- ledge, a magician, ibid. 499. Giraldus Cambrensis, 415, 511. Glossary, a singular one, 410. Tváμn. See Sentiment.
Gnomologic sentiment, its character, 437. its species, 438. should be used sparingly, ibid. whom it becomes, ibid. God, a cause intelligent and rational, 401. never forsakes mankind, 456. nor leaves himself without a witness, 533. his pro- vidential circulation, 539. See Piety. Good-breeding, its most perfect model, when and where it existed, 390. Good-humour, its importance, 538. Gothic architecture, finest sample of it, where, 524.
Grammar, 391, 510, 511.
Grammar, writers upon, 393, 394. Gratian, a monk, collected and published the Canon Law, 501.
Great, who are commonly called so, 504. Greece, ancient, its character, 388. Greek language, its quantity syllabic de- generates into accentual, 409. preserved a competent purity to the fifteenth cen- tury, 475.
Greek genius, not yet extinct, 477. Greek authors, the capital, translated into Arabic, 479, 480.
Hercules and Mercury. See Gymnasia. Hercules, a capital statue of, by Lysippus, described, 473. Hermogenes, 415.
Herodes, called Atticus, why, 465. Heroes major, Attila, Tottila, &c. 393. Heroes minor, Edmundus, Bernoldus, Dago- bertus, Huchaldus, Hildigrim, Halabal- dus, &c. 516, 517.
Hildebert, archbishop, his fine taste for the antique, and his warm verses, 507. Histoire Ecclesiastique, 531.
History, may furnish fables dramatic, 447, 449. its different modes, 463, 464. Hody, 475, 476.
Holy War. See War.
Homer, 404. his poems debased from hexa- meters into trochaïcs, 409. his fine use of the metaphor, 441. his bad pun, 444. quoted, 450, 452, 470, 486, 499, 516, 520, 534. hymn of his to Ceres, and fragment of another to Bacchus, in the library at Moscow, 551.
Honaïn, a Christian physician, fine story of, 493.
Horace, a critic, 390. quoted, 401, 435,
442, 443. paraphrased, 447. quoted, ibid. 452, 459, 462, 464, 468, 475, 487, 492, 516, 521, 525, 535. Hospitality, Arabian, 478, 482, 486. Humanity and bounty, 487. Hymettus, still famous for honey, 467. Hyperides, entire, when, 469. Ibrahim, contest for his body, as for that of Patroclus, 485.
Jerusalem, called the Holy City, both by
Christians and Mahometans, 512. taken by the former, 482. by the latter, 483.
Ignorance, leads to admiration, 401. Imitation, more perfect, as are the number of resemblances, in which it resembles the thing imitated, 448. instances in place, ibid. in time, 449. proof from con- traries, ibid.
Latins, or Franks, 456, 472. ignorance of their laity, 499.
Law, canon and civil, when they began to flourish in Western Europe, and by what causes, 501. their effect, ibid. Lear, 430.
Impressions, present and remote, their dif- Learned men, their Oriental character, 479.
ference, 538. Indignation, 488.
Ingulphus, 499. his conversation with queen Egitha, 500. account of English manners, ibid. of his own education, 501. his fortune, how made, and by whom, ibid. Innocent the Third, pope, modest account of himself, 455. fond of crusades and regal excommunications, ibid. Inquiries, philological, 388, 539. Inquisition, its rise, 502. whence it took its forms, ibid. its effect, 394, 506. its conduct, 543.
Inventions, capital ones of the middle age, 533.
Inventors, unknown, 533. yet all the in-
ventions referable to man and human wit, ibid. inference, ibid. Joannes Erigena, a scholar, 487. his quick reply to a dull pun, ibid. John the Grammarian (Philoponus), his ac- count of the burning of the library at Alexandria by Omar, 458.
John of Salisbury, 504, 505. his age, 508. his classical taste, ibid. his ideas of li- berty and servitude, 509. of philosophy, ibid. of virtue and felicity, ibid. of the soul, ibid. of art, and its three requisites, genius, memory, and the reasoning fa- culty, 510. of nature, ibid. of grammar, with respect to substantives, adjectives, comparison, verbs, time, tenses, and con- signification, ibid. 511. his two works, and their names, 509, 510. coincides in sentiment with the author of Hermes, and why, 511.
Johnson, his valuable dictionary, 394. Isocrates, 439, 549.
Justice. See Saladin, 481.
Justinian, 471. his code found, when, and where, 501.
Juvenal, 504, 535. Kuster, 468.
Laity, of the middle age, their ignorance, 499. their ignorance and barbarity, 530, 531, 532, 533. their ferocity, whence, 532, 533.
Language, English. See English. Latin language, lost its syllabic quantity in the fifth century, 408. ceased to be the common language of Rome in the seventh century, 409, 454, 471. Latin classics, see Planudes. Latin tongue, conjectures concerning its duration at Constantinople, 471. Latin ceremonial there, ibid. Latin laity. See Laity.
Learning, when it most flourished in the middle age, and why, 506, 511. in its worst state, when, 506. when it mended, and whence, ibid. 518, 519.
Leland, (Guy's Cliff described by him,) 527. Lenity, 494.
Letters, their great patron, Almamum, 479. a Turkish envoy in a late period shews his love for them, 496. Lexicons, 391.
Liberality. See Saladin, 483. See Al- mamum, 488, 489.
Liberty, civil, unknown to the Orientals, 495, 543.
Libraries, at Alexandria, 458. at Con- stantinople, 471. in Spain, under the Arabians, 490, 542. that of the king of France, 496. MSS. there, 546. Escurial library, its Arabic manuscripts, 540. the same at Mount Athos, 551.
Life, age, described by metaphors, 440, 441. how to make the best life agree- able, 453.
Liking, importance of liking well; peril of liking foolishly, 452, 453. good liking to be learnt, and how, 453. See Taste. Lillo, 431.
Literature, 479, 496, 507, 511. came to Rome from Constantinople, when, and by what incidents, 477, 514, of Chaucer, 518, 519. of Fortescue, 524. of Russia, 547.
Livy, 471. many manuscripts of his history in the Escurial library, but no entire copy, 544, 545. Logic, differently treated by the Peripatetics
and Stoics, how, 460. Zeno elegantly dis- tinguished it from rhetoric by a simile, ib. Longinus, a critic, 390. his character as
such, ibid. fine edition of him by Toupe, 396. his account of metre and rhythm, 406. quoted, 420.
Lowth, bishop, his incomparable Grammar of the English tongue, 394. Lucian, 469.
Lucretius, 414. his gods, ibid. same with those of Epicurus, 461.
Lycæum, the place where Aristotle taught,
Lyttleton, first lord, his fine history of the state of literature during Henry the Second, 511.
Macbeth, his manners, morally bad, but poetically good, 434. See Richard the Third.
Magicians, men thought such by the ig norant for being wise, 485, 498, 499.
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