the semblance from the reality, therefore his heart continues untouched, and his carelessness, insubordination and petulance remain the same, until further disgraced by hypocrisy and the other attributes of cowardly fear instilled by the influence we already spoke of, that of chastisement exercised as a rule. Some will urge that punishment cannot be banished either the parental hearth-stone, or the school ranks, for that children are in regard to feeling, very often insensible, and moreover ungrateful. To this we answer that these voids lie as often with the accusers as the accused. It is the shorter and easier method of dismissing a subject full of insurmountable details to him, who is without that innate love of his kind, that makes us consider the young as a sacred deposit in our hands destined to happiness in this and the next world, according as our own influence may have been brought to bear upon it.

Let us not be supposed as desirous of wholly withdrawing from schools the resource of punishment. By no means, for have we not the divine authority as an example of its due exercise, and its wholesomness under certain conditons of the human mind. He chastised his people, but only after repeated chidings most lovingly delivered and as a last recall upon their approaching hardness of heart. After the same example we invite teachers to deal with the little people committed to their care, and will add, love them, for their own sake with a purely disinterested regard, and that spirit of Christian self sacrifice without which no master can work any good either to himself or to his scholars, and if punishment be absolutely called for, let it be administered so as to convince the child that it is for his ultimate good, and not for any feeling of harshness or despotism whatever.-Canadian Journal of Education.

PARAPHRASE.

MILTON, BOOK II., LINES 92-105,

"More destroy'd than thus,

We should be quite abolish'd, and expire.
What fear we then? what doubt we to incense
His utmost ire? which, to the height enrag'd,
Will either quite consume us, and reduce
To nothing this essential;-happier far
Than miserable to have eternal being!
Or if our substance be indeed divine,
And cannot cease to be, we are at worst
On this side nothing; and by proof we feel
Our pow'r sufficient to disturb his heaven,
And with perpetual inroads to alarm,
Though inaccessible, his fatal throne;

Which, if not victory, is yet revenge."

"Nay, but we are now but one step removed from utter extinction. Our present punishment presses us to the limits (of suffering, and in enduring more we should cease to be. There is nothing left, then, that we should fear. Why not provoke the fullest fury of His wrath? For even if the fierceness of IIis anger should burn us up. and we pass away for ever from being; 'twere better thus than live in misery everlasting: but if, as seems, we are of immortal mould, imperishable, there is, I say, no room short of annihilation for worse destruction than has already come upon us. Moreover, though His throne is beyond our reach fixed immovably on fate, we are still, as we know, strong enough to make it tremble, and by perpetual incursion to harass the peace of His kingdom. To repay ill for ill is somewhat, even if we gain not all."

Chapter II.-St. Paul shows that the | 26. and Acts xv. A second intermeApostles recognised his equal authority. Fourteen years after-i.e., as in chapter i. 18, dating from his corversion. These two visits are related in Acts ix.

diate journey related in Acts xi. 30 is not here mentioned. (2) To them of reputation-ie., James, Peter, and John (sce v. 9). (3) But neither Titus.

whom he fails to justify. (18) build up

depend upon; the thing which I destroyed (the Jewish law). I make myself a transgressor for doing that which I now disallow, disparaging the law which I now uphold. This was what Peter was doing, though the use of the word "I" instead of "thou" seems to imply that he was not yet speaking to Peter, unless he uses the first person to soften the reproof. (17-19) may be paraphrased thus-"if professing to be justified in Christ we also like the Gentiles are found sinners, i.e. as unjustified as they, a condition to which we bring ourselves if we seek to be justified by the law which we have discarded, are you, Peter, prepared for the consequence which makes Christ a minister to those who, because he fails to justify them, leaves them in a state of sin, and becomes therefore as it were a minister of sin ?" Impossible! For if I again build up what I once pulled down (circumcision, &c.), I make myself a transgressor for having pulled it down, (19) am dead to the law

The practice of the Apostle was to dition of the Gentiles, unjustified ingratiate the Jews by conforming to (sinners). "Is Christ the minister of Jewish customs when no principle was sin?" The argument brings us to this involved. The demand that Titus-Christ is made to minister to those should be circumcised was refused, for the reason the liberty of the Gospel was thereby imperilled. (6.) They who seemed to be somewhat-i.e., the three above-named Apostles who had much influence at Jerusalem, added nothing in conference, i.e., conferred or imparted no authority on me, but on the contrary recognised my equal coordinate rank as an Apostle. (9.) Pillars-were of influence. (11). But when Peter was come to Antioch the conduct of the Apostle, when he rebuked Peter to his face on his visit at Antioch (not mentioned in Acts), was another assertion of his own Apostolic independence of the college of the Apostles and the church at Jerusalem (14) walked not uprightly, i.e., did not act in a straigthforward way. The truth of the Gospel-i.e., the genuine unmixed Gospel. The reproof of Paul may be thus paraphrased "if thou who art a Jew by extraction livest like a Gentile (by eating with them), how is it that you are now compelling the Gentiles, (for such is the tendency of your inconsistent conduct), to cling to Judaism as a condition of salvation?" It is often difficult to determine where the words addressed to Peter end-at v. 14 or at the end of the chapter, (15) we by nature Jews ie., you and I, if he is still speaking to Peter. (17) through Christ, literally in Christ. Sinners, i.e., as bad as Gentiles, for we pronounce faith in Christ to be insufficient, if we superadd the works of the law. We place ourselves in the con

placed beyond its reach-by the law as an instrument which led me to Christ and handed me over to Christ, who enabled me to meet all its demands, (20) crucified with Christ explains how he was "dead to the law." Christ liveth in me, I am in Christ, and draw all my life from Christ. Son of God, who loved me, &c., his sonship the ground of his mediatorship, his love its motive, and his " giving himself' the evidence of that love.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

The Little Philosopher. Part IV. By T. Tate. Longman and Co.-This part contains a familiar explanation of the structure and classification of animals. The section on structure is very good and well illustrated; that en classification is good as an alphabet of nomenclature, but it is not clear that it is fitted for children.

Tabular Views of the Geography and Sacred History of Falestine, and of the Travels of St. Paul, By A. T. White. Griffith and C.-The great peculiarity

as it is the merit, of this work lies in the mode of setting out the matter. The several facts are set out so as to strike the eye with force, and leave a more permanent impress on the mind than is possible when a text is arranged in full and unbroken paragraphs. Mr. White's "Tabular Views" will meet with a large patronage so soon as the work becomes generally known.

The Poetry of Teaching; or, The Village School, its Subjects and its Rulers' By J. Malcolm. Partridge and Co.-In some thirty pages the author writes on the subjects of childhood, the play-ground, school room, examinations, vacation, teacher, and parents. As a book of poetry on elementary schools we suppose it to be unique. We commend it to teachers, for its earnestness and high-toned views of what a school and its teacher should be.

ANSWERS WITH CRITICISMS TO THE EXAMINATION PAPER SET IN PAGE 121.

SECTION I.-2.

The Government of England at the time of Charles's execution was in the "Rump Parliament." A dread of the army induced them 'o consider its disbanding. Upon this the officers got up a remonstrance in the shape of a petition. They (the Parliament) were considering whether this should not be considered treason, when Cromwell seized the opportunity and dissolved them. The Rump at this time had lost all respect, from the incapacity which they evinced. A general cry was raised by those who had been working in the Revolution for a settlement of the nation and no settlement was made. Cromwell being backed by the army, the body of whom were Englishmen, and had given themselves up to fight for what they considered their rights, thought himself justified in seeking some other means to quiet the nation. The country was then in a state of factious excitement, and on this ground also he seized the opportunity of pushing his own interests whilst also considering that of the nation. 2.-The power next resided in the parliament called by Cromwell, by name,-128 from England, 5 from Scotland, and 6 from Ireland. It fell into contempt from the ardour which they showed in reformation. Tithes, Clergy, and the Common Law, were the objects of their attacks, and raising these two powerful classes against them, they of their own accord resigned to Cromwell. 3.-Cromwell as Protector. Done by a council of officers. From the two foregoing Parliaments it was evident some master mind was wanted to steer the helm of government. The great officers of the army, who were at this time some of the greatest men in the kingdom, proposed therefore that the government should reside in a Protector, with executive powers of a King, acting under the advice of his Council in time of war, his dignity to last for lite, and his Parliament to sit five months without adjournment. He was afterwards allowed to name a successor, Richard, who succeeded him, and who again resigned. This was occasioned by the Cabal of Wallingford House, at the head of which was Lambert, who was intrigueing for the Protectorate. Richard's Parliament declared such meetings illegal, when the Cabal compelled him to dissolve it and resign. 4.-In a "Committee of Safety" chosen from the officers. The people of England, however, were not satisfied with this change, and on refusing to pay taxes, Lambert summoned again the Rump. 5.-The Rump. This acted independently of the army, and was attempted by Lambert an ejection similar to that of Cromwell. Monk now appeared on the stage: Lambert was dismissed and captured. Monk now came to London, and the Rump admitted all those who had been excluded by Pride's Purge, and were now living. Finally, this Parliament