P. III. after his own name, THE GARDENS OF

EPICURUS.

Some of thefe Places gave names to the Doctrines, which were taught there. Plato's PHILOSOPHY took its name of ACADEMIC from the Academy; that of Zeno was called THE STOIC, from a Greek word, fignifying a Portico ‡.

As the Portico was large, and the Pictures were only four, thefe we may fuppofe must have been. large likwife, for 'tis probable they occupied the whole fpace. Vid. Paufan. Attic. Lib. I. c. 15. p. 36. Edit. Lipf. 1696.

From the painting of this Portico to the time of Honorius, when it was defaced, ftript, and its pictures deftroyed*, was an interval of about eight hundred years..

It may merit Inquiry among the curious, upon what fort of Surface, and with what fort of Colours, Pictures were painted, that could indure fo long.

See the Note, next after the following.

* Στους Στωϊκοί,

* Synes. Epift. 135.

THE

THE Syftem indeed of Aristotle was Ch.III. not denominated from the Place, but was called PERIPATETIC, from the manner in which he taught; from his walking about, at the time, when he differted*. The Term, EPICUREAN PHILOSOPHY, needs no Explanation.

OPEN Air, Shade, Water, and pleasant Walks feem above all things to favour that Exercife, the best fuited to Contemplation, I mean gentle walking without 'inducing fatigue. The many agreeable Walks in and about OXFORD may teach my own Countrymen the truth of this affertion, and best explain how Horace lived, while a ftudent at ATHENS, employed (as he tells us)

Qui erant cum Ariftotele, PERIPATETICI dici funt, quia difputabant IN AMBULANTES in Lyceo; illi autem, qui Platonis inftituto in ACADEMIA, quod eft alterum gymnafium, cœtus erant et fermones habere foliti, E LOCI VOCABULO NOMEN habuerunt. Cic. Academ. L. I. c. 4. p. 21, Edit. Davif.

-inter

P. III. inter SILVAS ACADEMI quærere verum.

THESE Places of Public Inftitution wère called among the Greeks by the name of GYMNASIA, in which, whatever that word might have originally meant, were taught all those Exercifes, and all those Arts, which tended to cultivate not only THE BODY, but THE MIND. As Man was a Being confifting of both, the Greeks could not confider that Education as complete, in which both were not regarded, and both properly formed. Hence their Gymnafia, with reference to this double End, were adorned with two Statues, thofe of MERCURY and of HERCULES, the corporeal Accomplishments being patronized (as they supposed) by the God of Strength, the mental Accomplishments by the God of Ingenuity*.

* Vid. Athen. Deipnof. L. XIII. p 561. Edit. Lugduni, 1657, Fol. Sometimes the two Gods were made into one Statue. Such compound Statues were called 'Equéganna. Sec Cic. ad Atticum, L. I. Epist. X.

'Tis to be feared, that many Places, Ch. III. now called Academies, fcarce deserve the name upon this extenfive Plan, if the Profeffors teach no more, than how to dance, fence, and ride upon horses.

"TWAS for the Cultivation of every liberal Accomplishment that ATHENS was celebrated (as we have faid) during many Centuries, long after her Political influence was loft, and at an end.

WHEN ALEXANDER THE GREAT died, many Tyrants, like many Hydras, immediately fprung up. ATHENS then, tho' fhe ftill maintained the form of her antient Government, was perpetually checked and humiliated by their infolence. ANTIPATER deftroyed her Orators, and the was facked by DEMETRIUS *. At length

See the Writers (antient and modern) of Grecian History.

fhe

P. III. fhe became fubject to the all-powerful ROMANS, and found the cruel SYLLA her feverest Enemy.

His Face (which perhaps indicated his+ Manners) was of a purple red, intermixed with white. This circumftance could not escape the witty Athenians: they described him in a verfe, and ridiculously faid,

SYLLA's face is a Mulberry, Sprinkled with meal*.

THE Devaftations and Carnage, which he caused foon after, gave them too much reafon to repent their 'Sarcafm.

The original Verfe is a Trochaï

Συκάμινον ἐσθ ̓ ὁ Σύλλας, ἀλφίτι στεγασμένου.. Plutarch. in vit. Sylla, T. III. p. 44. Bryan, Quarto.

For his devaftations of the Groves in the damg and Lyceum, his demolition of their fine Baildings, and above all, his cruel maffacre of the Inhabitants, when he took the City, fee pages 61, 63, 64, 65 of the fame Work, in the fame Edition.

THE