cries of innocence expiring agony, nor the tears of pitying fpectators, nor the majesty of the Roman commonwealth, nor the fear of the justice of his country, reftrain the licentious and wanton cruelty of a monfter, who, in confidence of his riches, ftrikes at the root of liberty, and fets mankind at defiance.

I conclude with expreffing my hopes, that your ifdom and juftice, fathers, will not, by fuffering the atrocious and unexampled infolence of Caius Verres to escape due punishment, leave room to apprehend the danger of a total fubverfion of authority, and the introduction of gene ral anarchy and confufion.

SECTION II.

CICERO'S ORATIONS.

SPEECH OF ADHERBAL TO THE ROMAN SENATE, IMPLORING THEIR PROS TECTION AGAINST JUGURTHA.

FATHERS!

It is known to you, that king Micipfa, my father, on his death bed, left in charge to Jugurtha, his adopted fon, conjunctly with my unfortunate brother Hiempfal and myfelf, the children of his own body, the administration of the kingdom of Numidia, directing us to confider the fenate and people of Rome a proprietors of it. He charged us to use our beft endeavours to be ferviceable to the Roman commonwealth; affuring us, that your protection would prove a defence against all enemies; and would be instead of armies, fortifications, and treafures. While my brother and I wore thinking of nothing but how to regulate our felvetecording to the directions of our deceafed father, Jugurtha, the most infamous of mankind! breaking through all ties of gratitude and of common humanity, and trampling on the authority of the Roman commonwealth, procured the murder of my unfortunate brother; and has driv en me from my throne and native country, though he knows I inherit, from my grandfather Maffinita, and my father Micipfa, the friend/hip and alliance of the Romans,

For a prince to be reduced by villany, to my difrefsful circumstances, is calamity enough; but my misfortunes are heightened by the confideration, that I find myfelf obliged to folicit your alliftance, fathers, for the fervices done you by my ancestors, not for any I have been able to

my

render you in my own perfon. Jugurtha has put it out of n power to deferve any thing at your hands; and has forced me to be burdenfome, before I could be useful to you. And yet, if I had no plea, but my undeferved mifery, a once powerful prince, the defcendant of a race of illuftrious monarchs, now, without any fault of my own, destitute of every fupport, and reduced to the neceffity of begging foreign affiftance, against an enemy who has feized my throne and my kingdom, if my unequalled diftreffes were all I had to plead, it would become the greatness of the Roman commonwealth, to protect the injured, and to check the triumph of daring wickedness over helpless innocence. But, to provoke your refentment to the utmoft, Jugurtha has driven me from the very dominions, which the fenate and the people of Rome gave to my ancestors; and, from which, my grandfather, and my father, under your umbrage expelled Syphax and the Carthagenians. Thus, fathers, your kindnefs to our family is defeated; and Jugurtha in injuring me, throws contempt upon you.

O wretched prince! Oh cruel reverfe of fortune! Oh father Micipfa! is this the confequence of thy generofity; that he, whom thy goodness raised to an equality with thy own children, fhould be the murderer of thy children? Múlt, then, the royal houfe of Numidia always be a scene of havoc and blood? While Carthage remained, we suffered, as was to be expected, all forts of hardships from their hoftile attacks; our enemy near; our only powerful ally, the Roman commonwealth at a distance. When that fcourge of Africa was no more, we congratulated ourselves on the profpect of established peace. But, instead of peace, behold the kingdom of Numidia drenched with royal blood! and the only furviving fon of its late king, flying from an adopted murderer, and feeking that fafety in foreign parts, which he cannot command in his own kingdom,

Whither, Oh! whither fhall I fly? If I return to the royal palace of my ancestors, my father's throne is feized by the murderer of my brother. What can I there expect, but that Jugurtha fhould haften to imbrue in my blood, thofe hands which are now reeking with my brother's? If I were to fly for refuge, or for affiftance, to any other court, from what prince can I hope for protection, if the Roman com

M

monwealth give me up? From my own family or friends I have no expectations. My royal father is no more. He is beyond the reach of violence, and out of hearing of the complaints of his unhappy fon. Were my brother alive, our mutual fympathy would be fome alleviation. But he is hurried out of life, in his early youth, by the very hand which fhould have been the laft to injure any of the royal family of Numidia. The bloody Jugurtha has butchered all whom he fufpected to be in my intereft. Some have been destroyed by the lingering torment of the cross. Others have been given a prey to wild beafts; and their anguifh made the fport of men more cruel than wild beasts. If there be any yet alive, they are fhut up in dungeons, there to drag out a life more intolerable than death itself.

Look down, illuftrious fenators of Rome ! from that height of power to which you are raifed, on the unexampled diftreffes of a prince, who is, by the cruelty of a wicked intruder, become an outcaft from all mankind. Let not the crafty infinuations of him who returns murder for adoption, prejudice your judgment. Do not liften to the wretch who has butchered the fon and relations of a

king, who gave him power to fit on the fame throne with his own fons. I have been informed, that he labours by. his emiffaries to prevent your determining any thing against him in his abfence; pretending that I magnify my distress, and might, for him, have staid in peace in my own kingdom. But, if ever the time comes, when the due vengeance from above shall overtake him, he will then diffemble as I do. Then he, who now, hardened in wickednefs, triumphs over thofe whom his violence has laid low, will, in his turn, feel distress, and fuffer for his impious ingratitude to my father, and his blood-thirty cruelty to my brother.

Oh murdered, butchered brother! Oh dearest to my heart, now gone for ever from my fight but why fhould I lament his death? He is, indeed, deprived of the blessed light of heaven, of life, and kingdom at once, by the very perfon who ought to have been the first to hazard his own life, in defence of any one of Micipfa's family. But, as things are, my brother is not fo much deprived of the comforts, as delivered from terror, from flight, from exile, and the endlefs train of miferies which render life to me a burden. He lies full low, gored with wounds, and-felter

ing in his own blood. But he lies in peace. He feels none of the miferies which rend my foul with agony and distraction, while I am set up a spectacle to all mankind, of the uncertainty of human affairs. So far from having it in my power to punish his murderer, I am not master of the means of fecuring my own life. So far from being in a condition to defend my kingdom from the violence of the ufurper, I am obliged to apply for foreign protection for my own perfon.

Fathers! Senators of Rome! the arbiters of nations ! to you I fly for refuge from the murderous fury of Jugur tha. By your affection for your children; by your love for your country; by your own virtues; by the majesty of the Roman commonwealth; by all that is facred, and all that is dear to you, deliver a wretched prince from unde ferved, unprovoked injury; and fave the kingdom of Numidia, which is your own property, from being the prey of violence, ufurpation, and cruelty !

SECTION III,

SALLUST.

que apostle paul's noble deṛENCE BEFORE FESTUS AND' agriffa, AGRIPPA faid unto Paul, thou art permitted to speak for thyfelf. Then Paul ftretched forth the hand and answer ed for himself.

I think myfelf happy, king Agrippa, because I fhall anfwer for myself this day before thee, concerning all the things. whereof I am accufed by the Jews: efpecially, as I know thee to be expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews. Wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.

My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among my own nation at Jerufalem, know all the Jews; who knew me from the beginning, (if they would teftify,) that after the straiteft fect of our religion, I lived a Pharifee. And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promife made by God to our fathers to which promife, our twelve tribes, continually ferving God day and night, hope to come and, for this hope's fake, king Agrippa, I am accufed by the Jews.

:

Why fhould it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God fhould raife the dead? I verily thought with myfelf that I ought to do many things contrary to the name

of Jefus of Nazareth: and this I did in Jerufalem. Many of the faints I fhut up in prifon, having received authority from the chief priests and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them. And I often punithed them in every fynagogue, and compelled them to blafpheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I perfecuted them even unto strange cities. But as I went to Damafcus, with authority and commiflion from the chief priests, at midday, O king! I faw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the fun, fhining round about me, and them who journeyed with me. And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice fpeaking to me, and faying, in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why perfecuteft thou me? It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. And I faid, who art thou, Lord? And he replied, I am Jefus whom thou perfecuteft. But rife, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared to thee for this purpofe, to make thee a minister, and a witnefs both of these things, which thou haft feen, and of thofe things in which I will appear to thee; delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, to whom I now fend thee, to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God; that they may receive forgiveness of fins, and inheritance amongst them who are fanctified by faith that is in me.

Whereupon, O king Agrippa! I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision; but fhowed first to them of Damafcus, and at Jerusalem, and through all the coafts of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, that they fhould repent, and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance. For these causes, the Jews caught me in the temple; and went about to kill me. Having, however, obtained help from God, I continue, to this day, witneffing both to fmall and great, faying no other things than those which the prophets and Mofes declared fhould come: that Chrift fhould fuffer; that he would be the first who fhould rife from the dead; and that he would fhow light to the people, and to the Gentiles.

And as he thus fpoke for himself, Feftus faid, with a loud voice, "Paul, thou art befide thyfelf; much learning hath made thee mad." But he replied, I am not mad, most noble Feftus but fpeak the words of truth and foberness. For the king knoweth these things, before whom I also speak freely. I am perfuaded that none of these things are hid