Successes in Anti-povertyPoverty has diminished more worldwide in the past 50 years than in the previous 50 centuries. In many parts of the world, however, the proportion of people who are too poor to afford enough food regularly is no less--and in some cases more--in 1997 than in 1947. This book explores successful efforts to alleviate poverty, and asks whether any of the features of these policies or projects can be imported into environments where poverty has not yet declined significantly. The book observes that in almost every country or region, some projects or policies have succeeded; a few successful schemes appear to be replicable; and even where projects and policies are generally deemed to be failures, there are areas of success. |
Contents
The problem and the approach | 1 |
Outline | 9 |
Rules for success in antipoverty action | 39 |
Ensure that extra credit can be productive before raising its supply | 64 |
Subsidize transactions costs and administration not interest | 65 |
Avoid politicizing or softening repayment but anticipate emergencies | 68 |
Infrastructure and education may complement credit | 70 |
Savings requirements improve borrowers performance | 71 |
Allow for poor workers frequent physical difficulties | 88 |
Minimize poor participants transactions costs | 89 |
Reduce covariate stresses on public works resources | 90 |
Use retailer employer and public works competition for the poor | 91 |
Before starting check that low demand for labour causes poverty | 94 |
Subsidize coverage sustainability graduation but seldom above market wages | 96 |
Encourage grassroots pressure groups to improve the scheme | 102 |
In performance and outreach employment schemes complement others | 104 |
Public works to create employment for the poor | 73 |
ii Scale | 75 |
iii Apparent impact on the poor | 77 |
iv Targeting on the poor | 78 |
Rules for success against poverty | 80 |
Designing employment for low opportunity cost | 82 |
Seek alternatives to direct targeting but wage effects are complex | 83 |
Use scheme rules and conditions to discriminate for the poor | 86 |
iii Agricultural growth and technology | 119 |
iv Health education and poverty reduction | 126 |
vi Whatever happened to the towns? | 132 |
The Rules of success against poverty | 138 |
Appendices | 151 |
Anand and Ravallion | 193 |
| 201 | |
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Common terms and phrases
agency agricultural growth Algeria88 and/or anti-poverty policy anti-poverty programmes areas assets Bangladesh Bank beneficiaries benefits Boliv90 Botswana branch bank cent Chile89 China85 China90 complementarity cons cost-effective Côte d'Ivoire credit programmes CRica89 effects especially extra F-statistics farm farmers food staples fungibility Gaiha Ghana GNP per person Grameen household surveys illiteracy impact improve incentives increase India indicators Indon84 Indon90 infant mortality inset interest rates Ivoire88 Jordan91 labour land reform lenders Lipton loans log-log Malay84 MYRADA NGOs non-poor PCP incidence peer monitoring political poor borrowers positive deviance poverty incidence poverty line poverty reduction predicted private consumption poverty PRLR pro-poor production projects public works employment public works programmes public works schemes R-sqr ranks Ravallion reduce poverty regression repayment risk rural Scatter diagram self-targeting SLank85 social Sri Lanka subsidies substantial Table targeting Thailand transactions costs Tunis85 Tunis90 urban variables Venez87 village wage rates workers World Bank