ly, but to plunge into the stream, and to extinguish the fires that ftill glow in her agitated form.

When the lovers had gazed on the affectionate fwans, they turned to each other, and fighed. Lycidas fnatched fome feathers of the swans as they floated by them, and kissed them.-How they know (he cries) to love, and to render their love the fource of their felicity! O, Amaryllis! why is not the fenfe of our existence the fenfe of our happinefs! Shall we become old without having known enjoyment?

• Children of nature! the univerfal parent prepares for ye the maturity of happiness! he gives ye the foft pains ye now fuffer, to render the fine pleasures the will beftow on ye, more exquifite and pure. It is only in a corrupt fociety curiofity anticipates paffion; the energy of paffion irritates your fenfes, but ye do not irritate your fenfes to obtain the energy of paffion. Souls of chastity! when ye meet ye know yourselves worthy of each other; your first embrace is the prelude of eternal confidence, and your voluptuoufness is in proportion to your virtue!' P. 311.

It is rather extraordinary that Lycidas did not learn this leffon from one of his old goats. Mr. d'Ifraeli has ended the tale juft in time; and he might as well have omitted the leffon as the application of it.

Of the three tales we prefer the firft. The second has lefs merit than either of the others: and the execution of it is not even equal to the fubject, In all there is much to admire. The notes may amufe the learned, and there is love enough to fatisfy, and perhaps to fatiate, any of Mr. d'Ifraeli's female readers,

Afiatic Refearches. (Continued from Vol. XXV. New Arr. p. 143.)

THE third volume is diftinguished by an elaborate paper from lieutenant Wilford on Egypt and its inhabitants; but, with an exception of this effay (which would alone form a valuable and important volume) and those of fir William Jones, we find nothing highly interefting: yet all the pieces deferve fome attention.

The prefident's difcourfe, which begins this volume, we have already noticed. The fecond effay was written by John Elliot, efq. and bears the title of Obfervations on the Inhabitants of the Garrow Hills, made during a public deputation in 1788 and 1789. The manners of this race are those of untutored tribes; and, though we feem to trace fome Gothic customs among them, they are perhaps only those which ne-.. ceffity and a fimilar fituation would dictate to almost every tribe,

"On drawing near the hills you have a beautiful fight of thrée ranges of mountains, rifing one above another; but on nearer approach they vanifh, except the Gonaffers, the lower range, in appearance infignificantly fmall. The verdure and rich land, however, fully recompence the lofs; and, turn your eye which way you will, you fee fomething to cheer the mind, and raise the fancy, in the numerous fmall villages round about, protected from the heat by a variety of trees interfperfed.' P. 17.

pro

The foil is of a fine black earth, here and there intermixed with fpots of red earth: its richness is plainly feen from the quicknefs of vegétation. The rice is in many places equal to the Benares long rice. The muftard feed is twice as big as any produced in. the pergunnahs of Bengal, where I have been, and the oil it duces, is as fuperior to, as the fize of its grain is greater than, any other. The hemp is equally good, but, as to its fuperiority to what may be produced in other pergunnahs, I am unable to speak with certainty as far as I can judge from my own obfervation, the fort brought to the Calcutta market, is not equal to what is produced on the borders of the hills. The pafture for cattle may be claffed next in quality to that of Plaffy plain; and this I infer from its being generally known, the Sheerpour and Sufung ghee is nearly as good as that made at Plaffy. r. 19.

A Garrow is a ftout well fhaped man, hardy, and able to do much work; of a furly look, flat Cáfrī like nose, fmall eyes gene rally blue, or brown, forehead wrinkled, and overhanging eye brow, with large mouth, thick lips, and face round and fhort; their colour is of a light or deep brown; their drefs confifts of a brown girdle, about three inches broad; having in the centre a blue stripe; it goes round the waif, is paffed between the thighs, and is fastened behind, leaving one end or flap hanging down before, about eight inches; fometimes it is ornamented with brafs plates; with rows of ivory or a white ftone fhaped like bits of tobacco pipes, about half an inch long; the brass plate is made to resemble a button, or an apothecary's weight, but more indented: fome have it ornamented with little bits of brafs, fhaped like a bell; fome wear an ornament on their head about three or five inches broad, decorated in the fame manner as the flap, ferving to keep their hair off their face, which gives them a wild fierce appearance. Some tye their hair on the crown, in a loose careless manner, while others crop it clofe. The booneahs or chiefs, wear a filk turban; to the girdle they affix a bag containing their money and pawns, and allo a net for holding the utensils with which they light, their pipe hung near to it by a chain.

The women are the uglieft creatures I ever, beheld, fhort and fquat in their flattre, with mafculine faces, in the features of which, they differ little from the men, Their drefs consists of a dirtý red

cloth, ftriped with blue or white, about fixteen inches broad, which encircles the waift, and covers about three fourths of the thigh. It never reaches to the knee, and being but juft long enough to tie above on the left fide, part of the left thigh, when they walk, is expofed. On their necks they have a ftring of the ornaments above defcribed refembling tobacco pipes, twifled thirty or forty times round, but negligently, without any attention to regularity; their breafts are expofed to view, their only clothing being the girdle above-mentioned; to their ears are affixed numbers of brafs rings, increasing in diameter from three to fix inches: I have feen thirty of those rings in each ear; a flit is made in the lobes of the ear, which increase from the weight of the rings, and in time will admit the large number stated. This weight is however partly fupported by a string, which passes over their heads; a tape three inches broad ties their hair, so as to keep it back from their foreheads, though generally it is tied with a string on the crown of the head. The wives of the booneahs cover their heads with a piece of coarse cloth, thirteen or fourteen inches broad and two feet long, the end of which, with their hair, hangs down behind, flowing loose on their backs. The women work as well as the men, and I have feen them carry as great burthens. Their hands, even thofe of the wives of the booneahs, bear evidentemarks of their laborious occu pations.' P. 20.

They eat of every thing, and their food has ufually very little preparation from fire, except the rice and the inteftines of animals, which are well boiled and ftewed: their chief vegetable is a kind of yam. Their houfes are raised on piles. Their difpofitions are mild and cheerful: even in their entertainments, when they drink to excefs, they never quarrel; and they are ftrictly faithful to their promifes, as well as honeft in their dealings. They burn their dead, after the facrifice of a bullock, and sometimes of a Hindû, at the funeral of perfons of rank. Their religion is nearly that of the Hindus; but their ceremonies are always preceded by the facrifice of a cock, a dog, a bullock, or fome other animal. Their punishments are chiefly fines; and they deliberate always with arms in their hands. Their medicines are of the fuperftitious clafs, except thofe which they obtain from the Hindûs, to whom they are indebted for the practice of inoculation.

III. A Royal Grant of Land in Carnáta. Communicated by Alexander Macleod, Efq. and tranflated from the Sanferit by the Prefident.'

This grant resembles fome which are in the former volúmes: it relates to various fubjects, particularly thofe of the Hindû mythology and religion, more than to the land granted.

IV. On the Mufical Modes of the Hindus: written in 1784, and fince much enlarged. By the Prefident.'

In the introduction to this judicious effay, we find fome pleafing remarks on founds in general, as well as on mufical founds. The ftriking effects of the ancient mufic were produced by the united powers of the voice, inftruments, and action; to which may probably be joined that of affociation, fince mufic that is very impreffive, as at prefent in Scotland, generally includes fome memorable event, related in fucceffive ftrains, expreffing the changes from mifery to joy, from defeat to triumph.

• When fuch aids, as a perfect theatre would afford, are not ac ceffible, the power of mufick muft in proportion be lefs; but it will ever be very confiderable, if the words of the fong be fine in themselves, and not only well tranflated into the language of me lody, with a complete union of mufical and rhetorical accents, but clearly pronounced by an accomplished finger, who feels what he fings, and fully understood by a hearer, who has paffions to be moved; especially if the compofer has availed himself in his tranflation (for fuch may his composition very justly be called) of all thofe advantages, with which nature, ever fedulous to promote our innocent gratifications, abundantly fupplies him. The firft of thofe natural advantages is the variety of modes, or manners, in which the feven harmonick founds are perceived to move in fucceffion, as each of them takes the lead, and confequently bears a new relation to the fix others. Next to the phenomenon of seven founds perpetually circulating in a geometrical progreffion, according to the length of the ftrings or the number of their vibrations, every ear must be fenfible, that two of the feven intervals in the complete feries, or octave, whether we confider it as placed in a circular form, or in a right line with the first found repeated, are much fhorter than the five other intervals; and on these two phenomena the modes of the Hindus (who seem ignorant of our com plicated harmony) are principally conftructed. The longer intervals we shall call tones, and the fhorter (in compliance with cuftom) femitones, without mentioning their exact ratios; and it is evident, that, as the places of the femitones admit feven variations relative to one fundamental found, there are as many modes, which may be called primary; but we must not confound them with our modern modes, which refult from the fyftem of accords now eftablished in Europe: they may rather be compared with those of the Roman church, where fome valuable remnants of old Grecian mufick are preferved in the sweet, majestick, fimple, and affecting ftrains of the plain fong.' P. 59.

Why a series of founds of diftinct and fettled ratios fhould affect the mind in a given manner, while a different effect is produced by another feries, cannot be afcertained; but these feem to have formed the fource from which, with judicious management, many of the effects of the Grecian mufic were

derived. The principal foundation of our author's information on this fubject, is a work of Soma, communicated by colonel Polier, containing the doctrine of musical founds, their divifion and fucceffion, the variation of fcales by temperament, and a peculiar enumeration of modes, with a minute defcription of different vinas (lyres), and rules for playing on them. The Indian scale and our own are, we find, the fame. The following obfervations are ingenious and interefting, and will account for fome of the wonderful effects of Indian muLic.

The year is diftributed by the Hindus into fix ritus, or feasons, each confifting of two months; and the firft feafon, according to the Amarcófha, began with Márgafirfha, near the time of the winter folftice, to which month accordingly we fee Crishna compared in the Gitá; but the old lunar year began, I believe, with Afwina, or near the autumnal equinox, when the moon was at the full in the first mansion: hence the musical season, which takes the lead, includes the months of Afwin and Cártic, and bears the name of Sarad, correfponding with part of our autumn; the next in order are Hémanta and Sifira, derived from words, which fignify frost and dew; then come Vasanta, or spring, called also Surabhi or fragrant, and Pushpafamaya, or the flower time: Grífhma, or heat; and Verfhà, or the feafon of rain. By appropriating a different mode to each of the different feasons, the artists of India connected certain ftrains with certain ideas, and were able to recal the memory of autumnal merriment at the close of the harveft, or of feparation and melancholy (very different from our ideas at Calcutta) during the cold months; of reviving hilarity on the appearance of bloffors, and complete vernal delight in the month of Madhu or honey; of languor during the dry heats, and of refreshment by the first rains, which cause in this climate a second spring. Yet farther: fince the lunar year, by which festivals and superstitious duties are conftantly regulated, proceeds concurrently with the folar year, to which the seasons are neceffarily referred, devotion comes alfo to the aid of musick, and all the powers of nature, which are allegorically worshipped as gods and goddeffes on their feveral holidays, contribute to the influence of fong on minds naturally fufceptible of religious emotions. Hence it was, I imagine, that Pavan, or the inventor of his musical system, reduced the number of original modes from seven to fix; but even this was not enough for his purpofe; and he had recourfe to the five principal divifions of the day, which are the morning, noon, and evening, called trifandhya, with the two intervals between them, or the forenoon and afternoon: by adding two divifions, or intervals, of the night, and by leaving one fpecies of melody without any fuch reftriction, Soma reckons eightvariations in refpect of time; and the fyftem of Pavan retains that number alfo in the fecond order of derivative nodes,' P. 72.