CONCLUSION: THE TRADITIONAL AND THE MODERN STUDY OF LITERATURE.-PAGES 489-94.

TRADITIONAL

Departmental study of separate literatures without regard to their interrelations.

Recognition mainly of the Classical factor-total ignoring of Biblical -its spiritual import lost to academic culture-loss also of a natural corrective to Classical limitations.

Outer study (miscellaneous applications of literature) allowed to crowd out the Inner study of literature itself.-The emphasis on literary history.

Purely static conception of literary morphology-fallacy of kinds, as if early forms dominated future literature.

Literary art: art conceived as 'artificial,' working under correction of criticism-criticism thus limited to criticism of judicial comparison.

Literary theory vitiated at the out

set by confusion between imitation and creation in application to poetry.

The basic idea of poetry as imitation shifted the emphasis from the matter of poetry to poetic artand increasingly to the smaller points of poetic art.

Literature is further a higher once creating and interpreting.

MODERN

World literature: literature, irrespective of division between languages, seen in perspective from the national point of view. World literature as the reflection of our civilization-resting on the three factors, Classical, Biblical, Romantic.

Intrinsic study of the literature it-
self the main interest-the Outer
study only so far as it assists the
Inner. The emphasis on literary
evolution.

Evolutionary conception: forms
undergoing modifications and
fusion as literature develops-
these forms the key to interpreta-
tion of matter and spirit.
Art as part of Nature: evolution of
taste adjusting itself to evolution
of production-judicial criticism
presupposes criticism of pure in-
terpretation.-But all criticism
has an independent value as his-
tory of appreciation.

Poetry and art an independent
interpretation of things resting
on a special creative faculty, as
science rests upon its special
faculty of rationalization-the
creative faculty postulated for
both production and appreciation.
Subject-matter of literature equally
important with literary art
literature the science and practical
art of human life-with fiction as
its experimental side.

interpretation of life and nature, at

The root idea of literary study is interpretation: to interpret a literary art, which is itself a creative interpretation of nature and human life.

WORKS OF THE AUTHOR

REFERRED TO IN THE PRECEDING PAGES

World Literature: and Its Place in General Culture.

Published by Macmillan (price in America, $1.75 net; in England, 7s. 6d.).

The Modern Reader's Bible: Books of the Bible (including three books of the Apocrypha) edited in full literary structure: with copious introductions and notes. Issued in two different forms: (1) complete in one volume (1,733 pages), published by Macmillan (price in America: cloth $2.00 net; morocco $5.00 net; price in England: cloth Ios. net; leather 12s. 6d. net). (2) in twenty-one small volumes, published by Macmillan; volumes sold separately; Genesis, The Exodus, Deuteronomy, The Judges, The Kings, The Chronicles; The Psalms and Lamentations (two volumes), Biblical Idylls (one volume, containing Solomon's Song, Ruth, Esther, Tobit); Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel and the Minor Prophets; Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus, Ecclesiastes and Wisdom of Solomon, Job; St. Matthew (with St. Mark and the General Epistles), St. Luke and St. Paul (two volumes), St. John (price of each volume: in America, 50 cents [cloth], 60 cents [leather], net; price in England, 2s. 6d.).

The Literary Study of the Bible: An Account of the Leading Forms of Literature Represented in the Sacred Writings. 2d ed.; in America: published by D. C. Heath & Co., price $1.45; in England: published by Isbister & Co., price 10s. 6d.

A Short Introduction to the Literature of the Bible. Published by D. C. Heath & Co. (price in America, $1.00; in England, 4s. 6d.).

The Ancient Classical Drama: A Study in Literary Evolution. Intended for English Readers. 2d ed. Published by the Oxford University Press (price in England, 8s. 6d.; in America, $2.35).

Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist: A Popular Illustration of the Principles of Scientific Criticism. 3d ed. Published by the Oxford University Press (price in England, 7s. 6d.; in America, $2.00).

Shakespeare as a Dramatic Thinker: An Illustration of Fiction as the Experimental Side of Philosophy. Published by Macmillan (price in America, $1.50 net; in England, 6s. 6d.).

GENERAL INDEX

[The digestion of topics usually made in an Index has in the present work been to a large
extent presented in a Syllabus (pages 495 ff.), and in the Charts scattered through the volume.
To avoid repetition, references are made in this Index to the Syllabus and Charts.-Particular
works are usually given under their authors.]