KEY

FOR CORRECTING, AT PAGES 203, 204, AND 206, THE SENTENCES LOGICALLY DEFECTIVE.

Page 203.

This great politician desisted from his designs, when he found them impracticable.

He was of so high and independent a spirit, that he abhorred being in debt.

Though raised to an exalted station, he was a pattern of piety and

virtue.

His end soon approached; and he died with great fortitude.

He was a man of so much pride, that he despised the sentiments of others.

Poverty induces dependence; and dependence increases corruption. This man, on all occasions, treated his inferiors with great disdain. There can be no order in the life of that man, who does not allot a due share of his time to retirement and reflection.

Such equivocal expressions, mark an intention to deceive.

His cheerful, happy temper, keeps up a kind of daylight in his mind, and fills it with a steady and perpetual serenity.

Page 204.

The things brought out to me, were some square, some round; some white, some blue, some red; some natural, some artificial.

He was a man of extensive riches, high birth, and exalted virtue; quick to discover fraud; very generous, and of great temperance.

In treating of poetry, I shall consider it under the heads of Epic, Lyric, and Dramatic; Ancient and Modern; Classical and English; Written-inrhyme, and Written-in-blank-verse.

Men, as to constitution, temper, and habits, are phlegmatic, sanguine, or choleric; gay or gloomy; devoted to pleasure, or devoted to business.

Page 206.

The Romans shall, I say, subdue Pyrrhus. Or, Pyrrhus shall, I say,

subdue the Romans.

The duke yet lives that shall depose Henry. Or, Henry shall depose the duke that yet lives.

The rising tomb bore a lofty column. Or, a lofty column bore the rising tomb.

And thus the son addressed the fervent sire. Or, Thus the fervent sire addressed the son.

And a solemn stillness holds all the air.

He was mounted upon a hot and fiery steed, which seemed to know his aspiring rider.

If this day happen to be Sunday, then on the next day following, this form of prayer shall be used and the fast day kept.

A collection is making to protect and uphold such electors, as, regardless of threats and unmindful of intimidation, refused to vote, contrary to their desires and consciences, for A. and B.

He was more civil to me than he commonly is. Or, He was more civil to me than people commonly are to one another.

You can arrive in time, only by starting early. Or, You can do no more than arrive in time, by starting early.

Though he had been charitable to others, he found but few friends in his own extremity.

Persons having an income not amounting to a hundred and fifty pounds a year, are not liable to the income-tax.

The Romans understood liberty as well, at least, as we.
Theism can be opposed only to Polytheism or Atheism.

These are not such designs as any man who is born a Briton, ought to be ashamed or afraid, in any situation, in any circumstances, to avow.

The hen being in her nest, was killed and eaten there by the eagle. Or, The eagle having killed the hen, carried off her prey, and depositing it in her own nest, eat it there.

It has been said that Jesuits can not only equivocate. Or, Jesuits are not the only persons that can equivocate.

You will not think that these people, when injured, have no right at all to our protection. Or, Have less right than others to our protection. Solomon, the son of David, and the builder of the temple of Jerusalem, was the richest monarch that reigned over the Jewish people.

Solomon, whose father David was persecuted by Saul, was the richest monarch of the Jews.

Lisias, speaking of his friends, promised his father never to abandon them. Or, Lisias speaking of his father's friends, promised his father never to abandon them.

The Divine Being, ever liberal and faithful, heapeth favours on his servants. Or, The Divine Being heapeth favours on his liberal and faithful servants.

Every well-instructed scribe is like a householder, who bringeth out of his treasure new things and old.

Dryden, in the following words, makes a very handsome observation, on Ovid's writing a letter from Dido to Eneas.

Imprudent associations disqualify us for instructing or reproving others. Or, Disqualify us for receiving instruction or reproof from others.

3

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

TO THE

MANUAL OF RHETORIC, AND THE MANUAL OF LOGIC.

ADAPTED NOT ONLY FOR REFERENCE, BUT FOR OCCASIONAL FURTHER INSTRUCTION.*

The first figures indicate the page: those within parenthesis, the section.

ABSTRACT, Abstraction. Abstract means, drawn off or separate from that in which it adheres, and which is called the CONCRETE. Thus, white or whiteness indicate an abstraction from any white substance; as, for instance, from a white man; which expression being applied to a particular white man, is the name of a concrete, though, till so applied, the name is abstract. All words have an immediate correspondence only with things abstract; page 109 (10). And many words are doubly abstract; ib.; also, 114 (15). A name or noun abstract is distinguished in logic from a name proper, and a name common; 118 (22). Absurd, Absurdity, Reductio ad absurdum. Absurd means, contrary to reason. An assertion may be false without being absurd: it is false but not absurd to say that London is the capital of France. Absurd is what in thought cannot be; false, what in fact is not. It is absurd to say that a straight line can be a crooked one; false would be a word wrongly used in such a case. For an example of Reductio ad absurdum, see 169 (40).

Accents. These are otherwise called slides or inflections of the speaking voice; 57 (7).

Accident, Accidental. Accidental, in logic, means sometimes happening, and sometimes not. Accidents are also called Adjuncts; 7 (II. 2); and 158 (22). An Accident must be distinguished from a Property; and an Accidental definition from an Essential one; 136 (7). Accident is one of the Aristotelian predicables; 220 (4). Accumulation.

(12).

This, in rhetoric, is otherwise called Synathrœsmus ; 16

* Controversial points, though they could not be altogether avoided in the body of the foregoing Manual of Logic and its Notes, (into the latter of which they are principally thrown,) are reserved for some further elucidation in this Index; over which the reader is requested to cast an inquiring glance, even though he may not have occasion to refer to it for the usual purposes of an Index.

H

Adjective. In logic, the difference, in a definition, is expressed by an adjective, which may be a mere adjective, or a logical, that is, a constructed adjective; 137 (third foot-note).

Adjunct. See Accident.

Affirmation, Affirmative. An affirmation or affirmative proposition is distinguished, in Aristotelian logic, from a negative one; 223 (5): in our logic, the difference is considered to be purely grammatical; 167 (39), and 226 (9); unless indeed when one person says no, or what is tantamount, and we oppose it by yes, or what is tantamount. See Positive.

Aggregate. This is one of the sources of sophistical delusion; 125 (35); and 197 (the Syllogisms).

Allegory. A method of speech proper only to rhetoric; 20 (19). Alliteration. One of the minor expedients of rhetoric; 19 (15). Anabasis. That which in rhetoric is otherwise called climax or gradation; 16 (12). Anacœnosis. Communication, one of the expedients of rhetoric; 21 (23). Anacolution. A failure of the grammatical construction, vindicated for the purposes of rhetoric; 15 (11); see also 70 (first foot-note). Analepsis. A rhetorical method of recovering the construction of a period in proceeding to complete it; 14 (9)

Analogy. Parity of case, one of the topics of internal argument, 8 (II. 3); 159 (23).

Analysis. In logic, the procedure of the understanding in which we seek or seem to seek a conclusion not yet attained, in contradistinction to Synthesis, in which we first lay down what we intend to prove. The former is a disentangling of arguments; the latter a putting of arguments together. The former is the Inductive process; the latter, the Deductive.

Anaphora. A method of analepsis; 14 (9); 17 (12).

Anastrophe. A rhetorical transposition; 15 (10).

Antanaclasis. A term in rhetoric used in two ways; 14 (9); and 18 (14).

Antecedents. One of the topics of internal arguments; 7 (II. 2); and 157 (20).

Anticlimax. In rhetoric, the opposite proceeding to climax; 16 (12). Antimetabole. A sort of antithesis in rhetoric; 18 (14).

Antithesis. Opposition of meaning and of words; 17 (14).

Antonomasia. In rhetoric, the use of a proper, for a common name; 20< (19).

Aparithmesis. A term in rhetoric for enumeration; 16 (12).

Apodosis. The former of the two members of a period; 14 (7).

Apophasis. The same in rhetoric as paraleipsis, or omission; 21 (23). Aporia. An expedient in rhetoric, when the speaker chooses to appear in a state of doubt; 21 (23).

Aposiopesis. An expedient in rhetoric when the speaker chooses to hold back what he pretends he was about to say; 15 (11).

Apposition. A grammatical repetition of a noun in the same case, often used with good effect in rhetoric; 14 (9).

A-posteriori. An argument from the effect, as distinguished from an argument A-priori, or from the cause; 7 (II. 2); and 155 (19).

Apostrophe. A rhetorical address to an imaginary, a dead, or an absent person; 22 (24).

Apprehension. Erroneously considered by the Aristotelians to be a distinct operation of the mind, and divided into Incomplex and Complex; 144 (foot-note); 218 (3); 225 (8).

A-priori. An argument from the cause, as distinguished from an argument A-posteriori, or from the effect; 7 (II. 2); and 155 (19). Argument; Argumentum ad judicium; ad hominem, &c.; Argumentative. An Argument is that which being itself admitted to be true, proves something else to be true; 147 (10); Arguments derive their names from three sources, 147 (11); Arguments investigated for the purposes of Rhetoric; 3-9 (I. 1.-II. 3) ;—for the purposes of Logic; 148-171 (12-41). The Argumentative, in rhetoric, is comprehended under Didactic composition; 2 (4).

Aristotle. The doctrine of the syllogism as taught by him and his followers, repudiated; 102 (note to Chap. I.); 142 (note to Sect. 2); 144 (foot-note). His doctrine of definition the only useful part of his logic; 129 (1). Alluded to as a juggler, but one who deceived himself before he deceived others, 219 (foot-note). See also in this Index, Formal Logic. See further in this Index, Philosophy, Philosophers. Articulation. A constituent part of oral speech; 56 (2). Asteism. A civil kind of sarcasm; 20 (21).

Asyndeton. The omission of conjunctions for the sake of rhetorical effect; 16 (12).

Attention. The will to retain a present state of the understanding by means of that which suggests it, till other states arise that are related to the first in a desired and expected manner.

Auxesis. A method of rhetorical exaggeration; 21 (22).

Barbarous words. An Exercise for avoiding; 28.

Bathos. A sinking in expression, which is almost always a fault; 16 (12).

-an allusion to his case; 109

Blacklock. The blind poet of Scotland,

(note to the previous Section).

Being. A name including every possible subject of thought, except Notbeing; 130 (2). See Thing, in this Index.

Cæteris paribus. Other things being equal, a Latin phrase often used in argument; 160 (24).

Case. State of the case is one of the parts of a judicial oration; 10 (2); 84, 85.

Catabasis. A descent or sinking in expression, otherwise called Bathos; 16 (12).

Catachresis. A metaphor bold to excess, an abuse of figurative speech to gain a certain end; 19 (17).

Category, Categorical, Categorematic. Categorical means collected or assembled in order to declare: hence it means positive as opposed to hypothetical. A category is a class of assembled things; 130 (2). Aristotelian Categories; 220 (4); and 226 (10). Categorematic is an expression used by the Aristotelians to denote a word which is capable of being employed by itself as a term, as man and mortal, in saying