vourite in the literary world. His tranflations of Phalaris, Sophocles, and Lucian, evinces his learning and genius, as they are equally diftinguished for fidelity, and congeniality with the spirit of the originals. He fuffered a tranflation from the French of Voltaire's works to be printed in his name; but the Oreftes and Electra are fuppofed to be all that were really by him. His own dramatic compofitions, particularly the tragedies of The arl of Waravick and Matilda. are deservedly efteemed. He died, March 15, 1784.

pribas, and of the Peunfylvania Society for promoting tenatalition of Slavery. His laft public act was Ezing a memorial on this fubject, 12th Feb. 1789. During the greateft part of his life he had been very healthy. In 1735, indeed, he was attacked by a neufy, which ended in a fuppuration of bbe of the lungs, fo that he was almoft informed by the quantity of matter thrown up. Bem this, as well as another attack, he recowred fo completely, that his breathing was not aded. As he advanced in years, however, he came fubject to fits of the gout, to which in -8s a neritic colic was added. From this time he became fubject alfo to the ftone, and during that year of his life thefe complaints almoft ev confined him to his bed; notwithstandgwhich, neither his mental abilities nor his beerfinefs forfook him. His memory was tenacious to the laft; a remarkable inftance of which

that he learned to fpeak French after he was 7. About 16 days before he died, he was feized with a feverish disorder; which, about the 3d or 4th day, was attended with a pain in the left breaft, accompanied with a cough and laborious breathing. Thus he continued for 5 days, when the painful fymptoms ceafed; but a new impoftbeme had now taken place in the lungs, which faddenly breaking, he was unable to expectorate the matter fully, and expired on the 17th April 190. He left one fon, governor William Frank, a zealous loyalift; and a daughter, married Mr William Bache merchant in Philadelphia, o waited upon him during his laft ilinefs. Dr Franklin was fententious but not fluent in fociet; more inclined to liften than to talk; and an "tructive rather than a pleafing companion. He wu author of many tracts on electricity, and os ther branches of natural philofophy, on politics and miscellaneous fubjects. The following epiuph on himself was written by Dr Franklin many years before his death:

The Boy of

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PRINTER,
Like the COVER of an OLD BOOK,
Its contents torn out,

And ftript of its lettering and gilding,
Lies here food for worms.

Yet the work itself shall not be loft;
For it will (as he believed) appear once more,
In a NEW and MORE BEAUTIFUL EDITION,
Corrected and amended

BY THE AU HOR.

1) FRANKLIN, Thomas, D. D. chaplain to his majety, was the fon of Richard Franklin, printer of a famous antiminifterial paper called. The Crafifman; in the conducting of which he was greatly affited by Lord Bolingbroke, Mr Pultetey, and other excellent writers, who oppofed fr Robert Walpole's meafure's By Mr PulteBev's advice y ng Franklin was devoted to the curca under a promife of being provided for by the patriot; who, however, formot it, and negkdedim. He was educated at Weftminster; whence he went to Cambridge became fellow of Trinity coil ge, and profetor of Greck. In Dec. 178, he was named vicar of Ware and Tunbridge: afterwards lecturer of St Pauls, and at laft rector of Brafted in Kent. He was long a fa

(III FRANKLIN. n. f. [from frank.] A steward'; a bailiff of land. It fignifies originally a little gen tleman, and is not improperly Englished a gentleman fervant. Not in use.—

A fpacious court they see,

Both plain and pleasant to be walked in, Where them does meet a franklin fair and free. Fairy Queen (IV-XIX.) FRANKLIN, in geograghy, the name of 6 counties, 8 townships, an ifland, and a fort, in the United States of America, viz.

1. FRANKLIN, a county of Georgia, in the Up der Diftrict, feated on the Tugulo, which fepa rates it from S. Carolina.

2. FKANKLIN, a populous and well cultivated county of Kentucky, bounded by Scott, Shelby, Fayette, and Woodford counties. Frankfort is the capital.

3. FRANKLIN, a county of N. Carolina, in Halifax diftrict, bounded by the Greenville, Warren, Johnston, Wake, and Orange counties. Lewisburg is the chief town.

4 FRANKLIN, a fertile county of Pennsylvania, feated chiefly between the N and S. Mountains comprehending 800 fquare miles, or 512,000 acres It is divided into 11 townships. Iron is found in it. Chambersburg is the capital.

5. FRANK IN, a county of Vermont, bounded on the N. by Lower Canada, and W by Lake Champlain; containing 20 townships.

6. FRANKLIN, a county of Virginia, bounded by Bedford, Campbell, Patrick, and Montgomery counties; 40 miles long and 25 broad. It comprehends a part of the Alleghany mountains on the NW.

7. FRANKLIN, an iflet of Maine district, in Lincoin county, in the mouth of St George's river, 12 miles S. of Thomafton.

8. FRANKLIN, a township of Connecticut, in New London county, 6 miles NW. of Norwich, containing about 1000 citizens, in 1790, chiefly farmers.

9. FRANKLIN, a township of Connecticut in Norfolk county, bounded on the N.by the Charles, containing 1700 acres, and above 1100 citizens, 30 miles S. of Boston.

10-13. FRANKLIN, four townships of Pennsylvania, in Fayette, Washington, Westmoreland, and York counties.

14. 15, FRANKLIN, two townships of New York, in Delaware and Dutchefs counties.

16. FRANKLIN FORT, a fort of Pennsylvania, in Alleghany: county, near Venango, on the SW. bank of the Alleghany, 63 miles N. of Pittsburg. Lon. 79. 41. W. Lat. 41. 1. N.

FRANKLINVILLE, a town of Kentucky, 77 miles ESE. of Frankfort.

FRANQUEMONT, a town of Switzerland Bafte, on the Doubs, 26 miles N. of Neufchat and 23 W. ef Soleure.

* FRANKLY adv. [from frank.] 1. Liberally; freely; kindly; readily.-When they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Luke, vii. 42.-I value my garden more for being full of blackbirds than cherries, and very frankly gave them fruit for their fongs. Spec. Without constraint.-The lords mounted their fervants upon their own horfes; and they, with the volunteers, who frankly lifted themfelves, amounted to a body of two hundred and fifty horfe. Clarendon. 3. Without referte.- He entered very frankly into thefe new defigns, which were contrived at court. Clarendon.

* FRANKNESS. n. f. [from frank.] 1. Plain nefs of speech; oppennels; ingenuoufnefs.-Tom made love to a woman of fenfe, and always treated her as fuch during the whole time of courtfhip: his natural temper and good breeding hindered him from doing any thing disagreeable, as his fincerity and frankness of behaviour made him converfe with her before marriage in the fame manner he intended to do afterwards. Addison. Liberality; bounteousness. 3. Freedom from referve. He delivered with the frankness of a friend's tongue, word by word, what Kalander had told him touching the ftrange ftory. Sidney.

FRANKPLEDGE. See FRANK, § II, No 7. FRANKS, FRANCS, FRANKIS, or FRANQUIS, a name which the Turks, Arabs, Greeks, &c. give to all the people of the western parts of Europe. The appellation is commonly fuppofed to have had its rife in Afia, at the time of the croifades; when the French made the most confiderable figure among the croiffees: from which time the Turks, Saracens, Greeks, Abyffinians, &c. ufed it as a common term for all the Chriftians of Europe, and called Europe itself FRANKISTAN. The Arabs and Mahometans, fays M. d'Herbelot, apply the term Franks not only to the French (to whom the name originally belonged), but alfo to the Latins and Europeans in general. E. Goat, in his notes on Condinus, cap. 5 n. 43. gives another origin of the appellation Franks of greater antiquity. The Greeks, he fays, at firft confined the name to the Franci, or German Franks, who had fettled in Gaul; (fee FRANCE, §4;) but afterwards they gave it to the Apulians and Calabrians, after they had been conquered by the Normans; and at length they extendeu it to all the Latins. In this fenfe is the name ufed by feveral Greek writers; as Comnenus, &c. who to diftingui.h the French, called them the western Fanks. Du Cange adds, that about the time of Charlemagne, they diftinguished eaftern France, or weltern France, Latin or Roman France, and German France, which was the ancient France afterwards called FRANCONIA.

(1.) FRANKSTADT, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Prerau, 4 miles 3. of Fryberg.

(2) FRANKSTADT. See FRAU TADT. FRANKSTOWN, or FRANKS, a town and township of Pennfylvania, in Huntingdon county. feated on a branch of the Junatta, 20 miles W.

FRANQUEVILLE, a town of France, in dept. of Lower Seine, 6 miles SE. of Rouen. FRANTICK. ad corrupted from phrenen phreneticue, Lat. exc.] 1. Mad; deprived understanding by violent madnefs; outrageou and turbulently mad.

Far off, he wonders what makes him so g Of Bachus' merry fruit they did invent, Or Cybel's frantick rites have made them ma Fairy Que 2. Transported by violence of paffion; outras ous; turbulent.-Efteeming, in the frantick of their minds, the greateft madness in the w to be wildom, and the highest wifdom foolish.. 3. Simply mad. Hooker.

The lover, frantick,

See Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt. Se * FRANTICKLY. adv. [from frantick.) M.. ly; diftractedly; outrageously.

Fie, fie, how frantickly I square my talk.

St

FRANTICKNESS. n. f. [from frantick.] Mi nefs; fury of pallion; distraction. FRANTZDORF, a town of Silefia, in the prin cipality of Neiffe, 4 miles N. of Neiffe.

FRANTZIUS, Wolfgang, professor of da nity at Wittemberg, was born in 1564. He wres 1. Animalium Hiftoria Sacra: 2. De Interpret tione Sacrarum Scripturarum. He died in 1610. FRANZBURG, a town of Up. Saxony, Swedith Pomerania, founded in 1587, 14 S. of Stralfund. Lon. 30. 36. E. of Ferro. L 54.9. N.

FRASCATI, or FRESCATI. See FRESCATI (1.) FRASERBURGH, or FRASERSBURG, 3 fmall fea-port town in Aberdeenshire, feated on! S. extremity of the Murray Frith, called Kinnair Hend. It was erected in the 16th century, on S Alex. Frafer's eftate, whence the name. It has good harbour, made and kept up at a confider. expenfe by the proprietor and the town, and w adapted for building fmall veffels. There are from 11 to 15 feet water within the harbour, and feet immediately without at fpring tides; without is a tolerable road for thipping, in a bay rear va league in length and half a league in depth. good anchorage in a fandy bottom. Vellels of about 200 tons burden enter the harbour. Fra ferburgh contains above Icco inhabitants, an well fituated for trade with the eaft coaft of tope. The town has been much improved of years. It is 16 miles E of Banff, and 40 N. Aberdeen. Lon. 1 16. E. of Edinburgh. Lat. §7. 37. N.

(2.) FRASERBURGH, a parish of Scotland, the coast of Aberdeenthire, so named from the bove town, (No 1.) but ancient y called P LORTH. it is 6 miles long from N to S. broad and 4 along the coaft; comprehending bove 10,000 acres, interfected by the par th Rathven The foil is various but moft'y for though intern x d with mees and moors. li barely is much improved, and incle fans are ncial. Linen yarn is the chet manufacture. K

is alfo made on the coaft. Cod, ling, turbot, had. docks, lobsters, &c. are taken in great quantities. Fith and grain are exported. Population in 1801,

FRASLA, a town of Germany, in the duchy of, 10 miles W. of Cilly

FRASSINE TO, a town of Naples, in the prov. of Ban, 9 miles SSW. of Converfano. FRASTENTZ, a town of Germany, in the county of Feldkirk, 2 miles E. of Feldkirk. FKAT, the name given by the Afiatics to the EUPHRATES.

A) FRATELLI, two small islands in the Mediterranean. 25 miles W. of Scarpanto.

She

(2) FRATELLI See FRATRICELLI. (1) FRATELLINI, Joanna, a celebrated ItaTan pantrefs, born a Florence, in 1666. arged an excellent ftile in painting hiftorical fubjects and miniatures, and was patronized by the archduchefs Victoria. She died in 1731.

(2) FRATELLINI, Laurence Maria, the fon of Joanna, (N° 1.) was born in 1690, and ftudied der Gabbiani. He painted portraits, animals, Ledfeapes, and historical subjects, admirably. He died in 1729.

* FRATERNAL. adj. [fraternel, French; Fraternus, Lat.] Brotherly; pertaining to brothers; becoming brothers.

One thall rife

Of proud ambitious heart; who, not content With fair equality, fraternol state, Wid arrogate dominion undeferv'd, Over his brethren. Milton's Par. Loft. (2) FRATERNAL AFFECTION is the love and attachment fubfiting among, or due to one another by children of the fame family. An hearty be croience, an ardent concern for each other's welfare, and a readiness to ferve and promote it, are the particular offices of this relation. See Ciceto De Officiis

• FRATERNALLY. adv. [from fraternal.] In a brotherly manner.

To FRATERNISE. v. n. [fraternifer, Fr.] To live together like brothers. Bailey.

(1.) FRATERNITY. n. f. fraternité, Fr. fraternitas, Lat.] 1. The ftate or quality of a brother. Body of men united; corporation; fociety; adocia ion; brotherhood.-'Tis a neceffary rule in alliances, focieties, and fraternities, an all manner of civil contracts, to have a ftriét regard to the bumour of those we have to do withal. L'Efrange. - Men of the fame clafs or character. With what terms of refpect knaves and fots will fpeak of their own fraternity. South.

of St Francis's girdle are clothed with a fack of a grey colour, which they tie with a cord; and in proceffions walk bare footed, carrying in their hands a wooden crofs. 4. That of St Auftin's leathern girdle comprehends many devotees. Italy, Spain, and Portugal are countries where the greatest number of these fraternities, fome of which affume the name of arch fraternities, refide. Pope Clement VII. inftituted the arch-fraternity of charity, which distributed bread every Sunday among the poor, and gave portions to 40 poor girls on the feat of St Je ome their patron. 5. The fra ternity of death buried fuch dead as were abandoned by their relations, and caufed mafles to be cel brated for them.

FRATHORP, a town S. of Burlington, Yorksh. FRATINO, a town of Maritime Auftria, in the prov. of Friuli, 9 miles W. of Concordia. FRATRES ARVALES. See ARVALES. FRATRIAGE, n.f. the partition among brothers, or coheirs, coming to the fame inheritance. FRATRICELLI, or FRATELLI, (Ital. q. d. fa terculi, little Brothers,; in ecclefiaftical hiftory, an enthufiaftic fect of Francifcans, which rofe in Ita ly, particularly in Ancona, about A. D. 194. The word was used as a term of deriñon, as they were most of them apoftate monks. For this reafon the term, as a nick name, was given to many other fects as the Catharifts, Waldeuses, &c. however different in their opinions and in their conduct. But this denomination, applied to the auftere part of the Francifcans, was confidered as honourable. See FRANCISCANS. The founders were P. Maurato, and P. de Fotombroui, who having obtained of pope Celestin Va permiffion to live in folitude, after the manner of hermits, and to obferve the rule of St Francis in all its rigour, feveral idle vagabond monks joined them, who, living after their own fancies, and making all perfection to confift in poverty, were foon condemned by pope Boniface VIII and his fucceffor, and the inquifitors ordered to proceed against them as heretics; which commiffion they executed with their ufual barbarity. Upon this, retiring into Sicily, Peter John Oliva de Sorignan had no tooner publifhed his Comment on the Apocalypfe, than they adopted his opinions. They held the Romish church to be Babylon, and pro pofed to establish another tar more perfect one: They maintained, that the rule of St Francis was the evangelical rule obferved by Jefus Chrift and his poftles. They foretold the reformation of the church, and the referation of the true gospel of Chrift, by the genuine followers of St Francis ; and declared their affent to almoft all the doctrines which were published under the name of the ab bot Joachim, in the introduction to the everlofi. ing Gospel" a book publifhed in 1250, and ex plamed by one of the spiritual friars, whofe name was Gerhard. Among other enormities incul cated in this book, it is pretended that St Francis was the angel mentioned in Rev. xiv, 6. and had promulgated to the world the true and everlasting gofpel of God; that the gospel of Chrift was to Ye abrogated in 1260, and to give place to this new gofpel; and that the minifters of this great refor. mation were to be humble and bare-footed friars, destitute of all worldly employments. Some fay

M

they