firft direction of this formidable column against the wind, which if not too frog, lumn will extend about a couple of leagues locufts then make a halt, when the mot havoc begins; their fenfe of fmell being b cate, they can find at that distance a corse a garden, and after demolishing it, rile p pursuit of another: this may be faid to be in an inftant. Each feems to have, as i** four arms and two feet: the males chimb the plants, as failors do the throuds of a nip off the tendereft buds, which fall to t males below. Many old people affured mo fo much mischief was done in 1754, it m third time in their remembrance, and the ways are found in the pasture grounds madura, from whence they spread into the provinces of Spain. They are certainly being of a different fhape from thofe of t or the Levant, as is evident on comparar with fuch in the cabinets of natural he locuft of Spain is the only one that has loured wings: betides, it is impoffible come from any other part. From the nor clear they do not, by the obfervations of i ages; from the fouth they cannot, wither fing the fea, which is hardly poffible by nefs of their flight: and like birds of pafar would be known. I once faw a cloud cft over Malaga, and move towards the i pafs over it, for about a quarter of a l the great joy of the inhabitants, who con they would foon be drowned; but, to t appointment, they fuddenly veered aboc the coaft, and pitched upon an uncultiva furrounded with vineyards, which they in quitted. When once they appear, let ber demolished be ever fo great, the proy remaining is ftill too confiderable: there only way to put an end to fuch a calam attack them beforehand, and deftroy t by which means they may be totally. See Plate CLXXI. Fig. 1.

city burns the very hides of beafts, and fuch is their univerfal tafte, that they do not prefer the innocent mallow to the bitter furze, or rue to wormwood, confuming all alike, without predilection or favour, with this remarkable circumftance, that during the four years they committed fuch havoc in Eftremadura, the love-apple, or ly. coperficon folanum of Linnæus, was the only plant that efcaped their rapacious tooth, and claimed a refpect to its root, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Naturalifts may fearch for their motives, which I am at a lofs to difcover; the more as I faw millions of them light on a field near Almaden, and devour the woollen and linen garments of the peafants, which were lying to dry on the ground. The curate of the village, a man of veracity, at whofe houfe I was, affured me, that a tremendous body of them entered the church, and devoured the filk garments that adorned the images of the faints, not sparing even the varnifh on the altars. The better to discover the nature of fuch a phenomenon, I examined the ftomach of the locuft, but only found one thin and foft membrane, with which, and the liquor it contains, it deftroys and diffolves all kinds of fubftances, equally with the most cauftic and venomous plants; extracting from them a fufficient and falutary nourishment. Out of curiofity to know the nature of fo formidable a creature, I was urged to examine all its parts with the utmost exactnefs; its head is of the fize of a pea, though longer; its forehead pointing downwards like the handfome Andalufian horfe; its mouth large and jopen; its eyes black and rolling, added to a timid afpect not unlike a hare. With fuch a daftardly countenance, who would imagine this creature to be the fcourge of mankind: In its two jaws it has 4 incifive teeth, whose fharp points traverse each other like fciffars, their mechanifm being fuch as to gripe or to cut. Thus armed, what can refift a legion of fuch enemies? After devouring the vegetable kingdom, were they, in proportion to their strength and numbers, to become carnivorous like wafps, they would be able to deftroy whole flocks of fheep, even to the dogs and fhepherds; juft as we are told of ants in America, that will overcome the fierceft ferpents. The locuft spends the months of April, May, and June in the place of its birth; at the end of June its wings have a fine rofe colour, and its body is ftrong. Being then in their prime, they affemble for the laft time, and burn with a defire to propagate their species: this is obferved by their motions, which are unequal in the two fexes. The male is reftlefs and folicitous, the female is coy, and eager after food, flying the approaches of the male, so that the morning is fpent in the courtship of the one and the retreat of the other. About 10 o'clock, when the warmth of the fun has cleared their wings from the dampnefs of the night, the females feem uneafy at the forwardness of the males, who continuing their pursuit, they rife together 500 feet high, forming a black cloud that darkens the rays of the fun. The clear atmosphere of Spain becomes gloomy, and the fineft fummer day of Eftremadura more difmal than the winter of Holland. The rustling of fo many millions of wings in the air, feems like the trees of a forest agitated by the wind. The

v. GRYLLI TETTIGONIE, GRASS or Locusts armed at the Tail. The fema family are diftinguished by a tubular dartă tremity of their abdomen: in both fexes tennæ are fetaceous, and longer than the men; and the tarfi composed of four art. Of thefe infects there are 69 fpecies en in the Syftema Nature. They leap by the their hinder legs, which are ftrong and ma er than the fore ones. Their walk is her they fly tolerably well. Their female their eggs in the ground, by means of the dices which they carry in their tail, w fift of two laminæ, and penetrate the They lay a great number of eggs at a thofe eggs, united in a thin membrane kind of group. The little larvæ that form them are wholly like the perfect infec ing in fize, and their having neither elytra, but only a kind of knobs, 4 which contain both, but undifplayed. folding of them only takes place at the the metamorphofis, when the infect has its full growth. In thefe infects, when c internally, befides the gullet, we discover

omach: and behind that, a very large one, rinkled and furrowed within fide. Lower down, ere is ftill a third: fo that it is thought, and ith some probability, that all the animals of this nus chew the cud, as they fo much resemble minant animals in their internal conformation. (1.) GRYNÆUS, Simon, a learned German, e fon of a peafant of Suabia, born at Veringen, Hohenzollern, in 1493. He was Greek proffor at Vienna, and afterwards at Heidelberg, 1523. Being a proteftant he was expofed to uch perfecution, and in 1531 took refuge in gland; where he received great civility from Er Thomas More, to whom Erafmus had recomended him. He was the firft who published e Almage of Ptolemy in Greek. He also pubhed a Greek Euclid, and Plato's works, with me commentaries of Proclus. He died at Ba7, in 1541.

(2.) GRYNEUS, Thomas, nephew of the above N° 1.), was born at Syrengen in Suabia, in 1512. He was equally learned and amiable, and left 4 ons alfo eminent in literature.

GRYPHITES, in natural hiftory, or CROW's TONE, an oblong foffile fhell, very narrow at the ead, and becoming gradually wider to the extreity, where it ends in a circular limb; the head r beak of this is very hooked or bent inward. They are frequently found in our gravel or clay. its in many counties. There are 3 or 4 diftinct becies; fome extremely rounded and convex on he back, others lefs fo; and the plates, of which hey are compofed, are in fome smaller and thiner, in others thicker and larger, in fpecimens of he fame bignefs.

GRYPHIUS, Sebastian, a celebrated printer of yons in France, was born at Suabia near Augfurg, in 1494. He reftored the art of printing at yons, which was before exceedingly corrupted; nd the books printed by him are ftill valued by onnoiffeurs. He printed many books in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, with new and very beautiful ypes; and his editions are no lefs accurate than legant. The reafon is, that he was a very learnd man, and perfectly verfed in the languages of ich books as he undertook to print. Thus a cerin epigrammatift has obferved, that Robert Stehens was a very good corrector, Colinæus a very ood printer, but that Gryphius was both an ble printer and corrector. He died in 1556, in is 63d year; and his business was carried on with eputation by his fon Anthony Gryphius. One f the most beautiful books of Sebaftian Gryphius a Latin Bible: it was printed in 1550, with the argeft types that had then been feen, in 2 vols olio.

GRYPHUS. CLXXI. fig. 2. GRYSON, a county of Virginia, bounded on he W. N. and E. by Wythe, Montgomery, and Henry counties; and on the S. by N. Carolina. (1.) GUA, a town of France, in the dep. of Lower Charente, 8 miles SE. of Marennes.

See GRIFFON, 2; and Plate

(2.) GUA, a town of Cuba, 36 m. SW. of Jayamo.

GUACANA, a village of Mexico near Mount feruyo, which was destroyed by a volcano in that ountain in 1760.

GUACOCINGA, or a town of Mexico, in GUACOCKINGO, the prov. of Tlafcala, containing about 600 inhabitants, of whom roo are Spaniards.

(1.) GUADALAJARA, or GUADALAXARA, a town of Spain, in the prov. of New Caftile, and diftrict of Alcala, feated on the Herares; containing 9 churches and 14 convents, but hardly 3000 inhabitants. It is 22 miles NE. of Madrid. Lon. 2. 45. W Lat. 40. 36. N.

(2.) GUADALAJARA, or GUADALAXARA, a rich and fertile province of Mexico, in the audience of Galicia.

(3.) GUADALAJARA, or GUADALAXARA, the capital of the above province (N° 2.), with a bithop's fee; feated on a plain near the Baranja: 217 miles W. of Mexico. Lon. 104. 49. W. Lat. 20. 50. N.

(4.) GUADALAJARA, or GREAT RIVER, a river of Mexico, which rifes in the mountains of Toloccan, near the above city; (N° 3.) and after running above 600 miles, falls into the S. Pacific Ocean, in Lat. 22° N. It has ftupendous falls about 15 miles S. of the city, N° 2.

GUADALAVIAR, a river of Spain, which rises on the confines of Arragon and New Caftile, and, running by Turvel in Arragon, croffes the kingdom of Valencia, paffes the town of that name, and foon after falls into the Mediterranean sea, a little below Valencia.

(1.) GUADALOUPE, a handsome town of Spain, in Eftremadura, with a celebrated convent, whofe ftructure is magnificent, and is immenfely rich. It is feated on the river (N° 2.), 45 miles SW. of Toledo. Lon. 3. 50. E. Lat. 39. 15. N.

(2.) GAUDALOUPE, a river of Spain, in Eftremadura.

(3.) GUADALOUPE, one of the CARIBBEE or LEEWARD iflands, lying about mid-way between Antigua and Martinico. It is 45 miles long, 38 broad, and, being of an irregular figure, is about 240 miles in circumference. It is divided into two parts by a fmall arm of the fea, which is not above 6 miles long, and from 15 to 40 fathoms broad. This canal, named the Salt River, is navigable, but only carries veffels of so tons burden. That part of the island which gives its name to the whole is, towards the centre, full of craggy rocks, where the cold is fo intenfe, that nothing will grow upon them but fern and some useless thrubs covered with mofs. On the top of thefe rocks a mountain called la Souffriere, or the Brimstone Mountain, rifes to an immenfe height. It exhales, through various openings, a thick black smoke, intermixed with fparks that are vifible by night. From all thefe hills flow numberless springs, which fertilize the plains below, and moderate the burning heat of the climate by a refreshing stream, so celebrated, that the galleons which formerly used to touch at the Windward Islands, had orders to renew their provifion with this pure and falubrious water. Such is that part of the inland properly called Guadaloupe. That which is commonly called Grande Terre has not been fo much favoured by nature. It is indeed lefs rugged, but it wants fprings and rivers. The foil is not fo fertile nor the climate fo wholesome. No European Rrrr2

nation