zot says, civilisation implies developement, the town is in this instance less civilized than the country.

To those who have read our old chroniclers it is a well known fact that Noah and his lady Vesta, accompanied by a few of their grandchildren, came to wear ont their old age in Portugal. Noah was buried at cape St.-Vincent, hence called sacrum promontorium. Elysa, his grandson, founded Lisbon, as any one acquanited with Hebrew may readily perceive, the word being evidently compounded of Elysa, the said grandson, and Bana to build. The widow established, in the valley of Chellas near Lisbon, a convent of virgins, called from the name of the foundress, vestals a circumstance which accounts for the love of solitude and vows for which our fair country-women are still so conspicuous. There is still a convent in the said valley of Chellas, but shame on the writer who insinuated that it may yet contain some lineal descendants of the first blooming colonists who were settled there!

We mention the above historical facts merely with a view to show the probability of a tradition respecting the hogs which is prevalent in many parts of the country. This tradition assureth that Noah brought with him to the Peninsula - not the two

identical hogs that he had saved in the ark-but the most promising pair of one of the first farrow. This couple be had thoroughly disciplined and domesticated. The others being allowed to range in a wild state over the earth, were, in other countries,

tamed down to domesticity at a much later period and will never be induced to live on terms so social and friendly with man. The pigs prospered till the time of the Moors when they suffered much. As the infidels advanced, they were obliged to recede. They made their last stand in the province of EntreDouro e Minbo where alone they yet flourish for in Lisbon and to the south, it is now another race. This origin which we see no good reason for disbelieving, accounts in a very satisfactory manner for the superiority of our Minho swine..

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While on the subject of tradition, we may as well mention here another piece of swinish antiquity for which are indebted to a clerical friend in Oporto, distinguished alike for the urbanity of his manners and his recondite acquaintance with the antiquities of the nation.

To the pure feelings of social attachment of which our pigs have ever been

ever, been so susceptible, we owe the strange custom which the ancients had of killing a swine as the cement of friendship, when a league or alliance was made. Casa jungebant fœdera porca, says Virgil, and Livy tells us that a priest of the order of the Feciales, imprecating the divine Vengeance on the party who should infringe the terms of the alliance, smote the swine with a stone

porcum silice percussit. Hence the expression fadus ictum, and its modern congener, to strike a bargain. This custom then very naturally originated in Portugal; the Phoenicians adopted it and spread it

over the Levant, and Eneas introduced it into Latium with his household gods and other moveris bles. It is yet customary among us to killia hog on Martinmas day as a pledge of union and friendly feeling; and so sacred has this ceremony ever been held in the nation, that we have an old adage recommending that he who has no pig should then kill his wife, that other type of fondness and family ties quem não tem porco, mate sua múlher. Various races of men have, since the memorable days of Noah, swept in succeesion over the land; our pigs alone have left a pure race of descendants behind them. Their blood is yet incontaTM minated by any spurious mixture; they still glory in the same mental and corporeal features, wearing like Mr. D'Israelits Jews, their aristocracy written in their face logogrobar end 1000

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Adpropos of Jews a foreigner once said of us that one half of the nations still expect the coming of the Messiah, and the other, that of Don Sebastian. This is one of the many assertions in which truth has been sacrificed to an antithesis. Of the Jews (who are thought by our country people to possess the same appendage behind as the pigs and on that account to wear very large small clothes), therebare not perhaps so many in the whole nation as London can show in Holywell street and Maryle, bone Fane. The Sebastianistes muster stronger, but even they are gradually dwindling away. We regret othe circumstance. It is an unphilosophical confession to

makej but we have a liking for popular superstitions of every kind when unconnected with religion. Andobes it known, the Sebastianistas are christians and good christians. What harm is there, after alk that in addition to the truths of the Gospel the axioms of the mathematics and other points of faith, they should believe that Don Sebastian was not slain in his unfortunate expedition against the Moors in 1578 g but that de ois spell-bound on an island in the Atlantic, whence, when the spell is broken, he will triumphantly return on a white horse, with the golden age en croupe, and that we shall then be the first nation on earth and feed on nothing but chicken broth and roast pig vas vd bsjsaim - But,-revenons à nos, moutons, or rather à nos cochons. They alone, in; defiance of every change which the country has undergone, have remained unchanged, black sleek and happy as ever. The Phonicians, to whom we are indebeted for so many valuable ddiscoveries. There are here a fewlines in the manuscript perfectly illegible.am o to one ai edi

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Phoenices primi, famœsiocreditur,ausi. The pigs remonstrated a deaf ear being given, do their suita considerable body, retired to the mountains, and as there appeared no Menenius Agrippa do coax them back to their ancient place in society, they never returned. Their descendants are yet to be seen and shot, under the form of wild boars, in Tra-losMontes and the Serra da Estrella. Those who refused to join the insurrection, became accustomed

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to the innovation, and by comparing their own condition with that of their rebellious brethren, could soon perceive how advantageons it is in everys respect to curb betimes unruly propensities, and submit to constituted authority. Even under the sway of the Moors, spite of contempt and partial neglect, the pig population increased to a wonder ful extent. They were, in consequence reduced for a time to less abundant rations, and lost conside rably in importance and size. But this state of things, fortunately for the species, did not last long. The Moors were driven out of the country by degrees; amateurs took to their old tastes, and our friends. again rounded out into their normal bulkonaniaze -itis It is not altogether foreign to our subject to commemorate here the origin of a very striking trait in our language we mean the practice of adding com licença (by your leave) as a corrective to the words pig, pork, and all kindred appellations. The Moors, it is well known, abominate, the very men tion of the thing, but as pig is a current idea in the country, the expression could not be canceled. So to save the integrity of the vernacular, and, pat the same time, the delicacy of an integral part of the community, the interlarding, expedient of thờ com licença, was adopted and continues in force up. to the present day. Others account differently for the com licença, and pretend that under the moorish dominion it was only as a special, favor that we were allowed to keep swine; hence in speaking of

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