Only two out of the thirteen tibiae examined were not platycnemic, and one of these belonged to a young individual. The flattening of the bone is of the same order as that presented by the Neolithic remains found in the caves at Perthi Chwareu and the cairn near Cefn described and figured in my work on Cave-hunting (pp. 167 et seq.). It consists of a prolongation of the shaft, sometimes in front, and at other times behind the long axis of the bone, and is, as Professor Busk pointed out in 1871 (Journal of Ethnological Society, January, 1871), due to the free use of the feet, never trammelled by shoes or sandals, and therefore more prehensile than the normal foot of civilisation. It is not a character of race, being found in the negro, in the Mongolian tribes of North America, and rarely in Europeans. It goes with bare feet. If the last two figures in the above table be compared with the rest, the difference will be seen between the normal tibia and those which are flattened "en lame de sabre.' The most perfect of the fibulae is 262 mm. long with a circumference of 30 mm. J.-The Fusion of the Two Races. It is obvious from the above anthropological details that the great majority of the people who used the Gop cave as a family vault were of the same physique as the Iberic dwellers in the district in the Neolithic age, and from the presence of the round-headed Goidelic type that the fusion of the Iberic with the Goidelic race had already begun in this district in the Bronze age. It is the first observed case of the fusion of the two races which has been going on in Wales from that time to the present day. Before, however, the fusion between the two races became so complete as to form a people like the CeltIberian, the Brythonic invaders conquered alike the Goidel and the Iberian in this region, and absorbed them into their mass so that all became one people. Just as the Iberic tongue has been so completely lost in the Goidelic that no clear trace of it is to be found in Wales, so the Brythonic gradually displaced the Goidelic with the exception of a few place and river names, and Welsh and not Gaelic became the speech of the country. It is not a little remarkable that in all this flux and change, ranging over unknown series of centuries, the small dark Iberic aborigines of the Neolithic age should have lived on with but little physical change, so as to be still clearly marked off from the races who have invaded them at successive times. K.-Relation of Cairn to Sepulchral Cave. Two questions naturally arise. What is the relation of the cairn to the sepulchral cave a short distance below it ? Were the cairn builders the same people who buried the dead in the cave? In my opinion it is most probable that the cairn marks the site of the burial-place, and that both belong to the Bronze age and to the same people. NOTES UPON CLAY TOBACCO PIPES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY FOUND IN BRISTOL.' By F. G. HILTON PRICE, DIR.S.A. Since I had the pleasure of reading a paper before this Institute in 1900 upon "Some early Clay Tobacco Pipes found in the City of London" I have had the good fortune to receive from Mr. John E. Pritchard, F.S.A., a very interesting account of some early tobacco pipes of the seventeenth century found in the City of Bristol during recent excavations. In addition to this information he has kindly presented me with some excellent examples of these pipes, which bear upon the heels either the names of the makers or their initials, and he has further most kindly given me permission to exhibit and publish these pipes as a supplement to my previous paper. In that paper I remarked that in order to definitely fix the dates of the manufacture of the pipes it was necessary that a thorough investigation into the records of the pipe makers in various places should be undertaken, as had been done by Mr. Thursfield in the parish registers of Broseley, in order to ascertain when the makers lived, together with the marks they used. I am glad to be able to state that Mr. Pritchard has been searching the lists of the burgesses of the City of Bristol and has made some valuable discoveries concerning pipe makers in that city. Excavations appear to have been proceeding, and in some rubbish pits he has found many pipes, together with Bristol farthing tokens of 1652, a piece of Delft pottery dated 1 Read July 3rd, 1901. 1647, and a brass seal top spoon, all corroborating the dates of the pipes. All the pipes sent to me belong to the middle of the seventeenth century, and the best known makers of whose handicraft he has found specimens are various members of the Hunt family, i.e. Thomas Hunt, John Hunt, Jeffry Hunt, and Flower Hunt. In my former paper, when describing pipes bearing the names of Thomas and John Hunt, I remarked that these Hunts had a factory in the vicinity of Bath in the early part of the seventeenth century, and that these pipes belong to the period covered by the reigns of James I. to Charles II. Thus it will be seen that I was not far out in their date; but I was wrong as to the locality of their factory. The specimens then exhibited and since figured in the Journal are of the same shape as those now shown from the Bristol find, but are nearly double the size. Three of these Hunts, i.e. Jeffry, John, and Flower, were admitted freemen of the City of Bristol in 1651; and another pipe bearing the name of Nathaniel Howell on the heel is precisely of the same form and size as the foregoing, and from the list of burgesses it is seen that he was also admitted to the freedom in 1651. In addition to these Mr. Pritchard found examples of the pipes of other makers-Thomas Smyth, admitted a freeman in 1651, who placed his initials T.S. on the heel; Philip Edwards, whose mark was P.E., admitted in 1649, and his son in 1680; Humphry Partridge, H.P. on the heel, admitted in 1650; and a few others whose initials and marks have not yet been identified. The following is a list and description of the pipes exhibited : I will begin with those made by the Hunts, as they are all of the same form and like those found in London by the same makers. These pipes are of elegant shape, with a graceful lean back from the heel. John Hunt, admitted a freeman of the City of Bristol, 23rd May, 1651. 1 His mark is IOH N.HU (Fig. 1.) NT TOH FIG. 1. Flower Hunt, admitted a freeman 23rd May 1651. His FLO pipes are marked WER H and FH. (Figs. 2, 3.) FLO VNT tune-tu་་ཡཾ FH FIG. 2. FIG. 3. Jeffry Hunt, admitted a freeman in 1651. FRY H (Fig. 4), which must be the same as His mark is RYH shown VNT |