CHEMISTRY.

DR. EMERSON REYNOLDS.

I. Give an account of the extraction of silver from its ores.

2. From what sources is commercial sulphur obtained? How is it purified?

3. Describe and explain the methods for the detection of nitrous acid in well water.

4. Under what conditions is lead attacked by ordinary varieties of water?

5. Give a short account of the "ammonia process" for the production of soda ash.

PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.

1. Make a qualitative analysis of the ore in box No. 1.

2. Find the total hardness of the water in the bottle No. 2, and state how you would proceed to determine the temporary hardness.

3. One liter of the solution in the bottle No. 3 contains 10 grams of a znc ore dissolved by HCl. Estimate the metal volumetrically, and from the data obtained calculate the percentage of zine in the ore.

N.B. Write the name of any standard solution you may require on paper, and hand the latter to the Examiner.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING.

MR. CRAWFORD.

I. A level instrument when set up reads 3.03 feet on staff held upon bench mark, the reduced level of which is 107.32 feet above datum. It also reads 4.27, 5.15, 6.13, and 3.50, at pegs 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

The instrument is then changed, and set up in a new position, the following readings being obtained from it: 0.19, 3.22, 5.48, 7.14, 9.16, 8.57, at pegs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.

Enter these readings on the page of a field-book according to the collimation system, reducing the levels, and checking your work.

2. Taking the readings given in question I, enter them according to the rise and fall systems, and reduce the levels, checking your work.

3. If the limb of an instrument for measuring angles be divided to 20', and 39 of such divisions are made equal to 40 on a vernier, to what does the vernier read? And if 19 of the smallest divisions on the limb correspond to 20 on a vernier, to what could you read in that case ?

4. A series of lines, AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, and FA, having been laid out surrounding a district to be surveyed, the angles between them are observed and entered in the field-book as follows:

Angle ABC 125° 41′-magnetic bearing of line AB reads due North.

BC E. 350 N.

E. 4° S.

S. 44° W.

EFA = 162°0′

do.

of

FA

S. 60° W.

FAB = 60°9′

Show that there must be an error in some of these entries, and indicate the point at which the error probably occurred.

5. How would you survey the tortuous course of a river with a chain alone?

6. What are the deflection angles for a chord of 100 feet in length in the case of curves of 10 chains, 17 chains, and 39 chains radius ?

7. Give sketches of normal cross-sections for a first-class public road, and of a railway for heavy traffic, in both cutting and embankment, with dimensions figured on them, and accompanied by short specifications.

8. Give cross-section of a retaining wall in masonry to support a bank of loose earth 25 feet high, and level on top; also of a masonry dam for impounding water to a depth of 40 feet.

9. Draw a sketch longitudinal section of a railway bridge in masonry, with three segmental arches of 60 feet span and 12 feet rise, the height of springings above foundation being 24 feet. Show the thickness of the arch, and of the piers and abutments.

10. Give sketch cross-sections of brickwork culverts under a railway embankment 20 feet high, for spans of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, respectively.

11. What would be fair average cost prices for the following kinds of work on Irish railways :

(a) Excavating ordinary earth, and depositing it in embankment at a lead (or distance) not exceeding mile per cubic yard?

(b)

do.

loose rock,

do.

do.

(g)

(b) rubble masonry in small bridges and culverts, do.

(k) rockfaced ashlar in larger bridges,

(2) cut stone

do.

per cubic yard?
do. ?

(m) plate-laying on railways, per lin. yd. of single way ? (n) laying on "points and crossings"

do.

?

12. Give a detailed estimate for the cost of construction of one mile of double line of tramway in Dublin streets, accompanying your estimate by a cross-section of works with dimensions figured on it.

What be

13. What portion of the average rainfall in the British islands, in the case of ordinary soils, flows off in the rivers and streams? comes of the remaining portion of the rainfall ?

14. In supplying a town with water by means of a storage reservoir, what matters must be taken into consideration in order to determine the required capacity of the reservoir ?

15. Describe an efficient filtering basin for the supply of water to a town of 30,000 inhabitants, giving all particulars as to capacity, filtering surface and depth, manner of construction, and materials to be used, &c.

16. What is the discharge, in cubic feet per minute, through an open water-course whose depth is 8 feet, width of bottom 100 feet, side slopes 3 to 1, and fall 6 inches per mile ?

17. What is the nominal horse-power of the water issuing through a sluice-gate 5 feet wide, raised 12 inches, the height from the sill to where the surface is at rest being 18 inches, and the depth of fall 10 feet from the sill ?

18. What is meant by degrees on the scale of hardness of water, and what are the best kinds of water for domestic consumption?

19. Describe the system adopted for the main-drainage of London. 20. What are the minimum rates of fall that it is desirable should be given to house-sewers, sub-mains, and main-sewers?

21. Give a detailed description of the proper arrangement for house

sewers.

22. In the case of land drainage, what is the general limit as to depth to which it is usually desirable to draw off the water? Give a sketch of the drains you would propose for a retentive clay soil, stating their distances apart, size, and depth, with an estimate of the cost of such drainage per acre.

23. What are the approximate resistances to traction, per ton of gross load, of a train upon a level piece of well-made railway, at a speed of 25 miles per hour, and also at double that speed?

24. What would be the necessary gross horse-power of a locomotive to draw a train whose total weight is 150 tons (including that of engine and tender) up an incline of I in 100, at a speed of 50 miles per hour?

25. In a wrought-iron girder of given dimensions, the flanges of which are parallel, and connected by a single system of triangles, how would you calculate the strains on the diagonals, and on the different bays of the flanges, the girders being supported at both ends and uniformly loaded; and also when subject to a moving load?

26. Draw the arch of a skew bridge in masonry to carry a road over a railway, with the following data:

Angle of skew 60°.

Semicircular arch, 25 feet span on the square.

Width of road bridge from face to face outside, 33 feet.

27. Describe the different kinds of masonry generally made use of upon railway works, specifying for what purpose they are adopted.

28. A steep-pitched roof, rise span, the latter being 30 feet, is supported by "principals" framed in the form of a "German truss," the rafters being held in place by a collar beam connecting the middle point and tie rods from the middle of the collar beam to both ends of the rafters.

Draw a stress diagram of a "principal," supposing 4P to be the total load sustained by it.

29. In arranging the floor of a room, 26 feet by 17 feet, in a first-class dwelling-house, what scantling would you adopt for the joists, and how far would you put them apart? What weight would you take per square foot as a maximum for such a floor to sustain ?

30. What quantity of plastering and cornice would be required for a room of the dimensions given in question 29, the height of the ceiling being 13. feet. There are two windows, each 3'.1" x 8' high, and a double window 7' x 8'; the lower part of the window being 2′.3′′ above the floor. The window jambs splay inwards 9′′, and the top of the openings 6" upwards. There are two doors to the room, each 3'.6′′ × 7′.6′′, and these as well as the windows have a 6" architrave, and the recesses of both doors and windows have got linings. The fireplace occupies 25 square feet of the wall?

PROFESSOR SOLLAS.

1. Give an account of the processes by which 'soil' is produced. Explain the presence of quartzose sand in soil occurring at a considerable distance from arenaceous deposits.

2. Describe the mode of occurrence of rock salt in Cheshire.

State the evidence on which rock salt is inferred to be the product of an inland lake.

3. From the talus at the foot of a cliff the following fossils were obtained-Terebratula digona, T. hastata, T. coarctata, Lima gigantea, Orthis resupinata, Ammonites communis, Productus resupinatus, Lithostrotion basaltiforme, and Gryphæa incurva.

Show by a diagram what inferences may be drawn as to the geological structure of the cliff.

4. Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the structure of the chief varieties of fissure veins.

5. Explain, as completely as possible, the mode of formation of a mineral vein. How do you account for variations in the richness' of a vein ?

6. Describe the method of 'underhand stoping,' and give an account of its chief modifications now in use.

7. Define the following terms:-cross course, gossan, shoot of ore, winze, flucan, hade.

8. Given the distance I between the parallel outcrops of two counter lodes, and the underlays of each u, u'; find by construction the depth and horizontal distance of their intersection.

9. Give the chemical composition and chief physical characters of the ores of iron.

10. Distinguish between the principal varieties of coal. How do they differ in chemical composition?

II. On an outline map of the British Isles indicate the position of the chief coal-fields. Draw a vertical section through the coal-measures of any one of these coal-fields.

12. Describe the 'long-wall' system of working coal, mentioning its chief modifications.

6

13. Discuss the relative advantages of the long-wall' and the pillar' system of coal working.

THE END.