καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν γῆν· τόπους δ ̓ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶναι κατὰ τὰ ἐγκοιλα αὐτῆς κύκλῳ περὶ ὅλην πολλούς, τοὺς μὲν βαθυτέρους καὶ ἀναπεπταμένους μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν ᾧ ἡμεῖς οἰκοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ βαθυτέρους ὄντας τὸ χάσμα αὑτῶν ἔλαττον ἔχειν τοῦ παρ ̓ ἡμῖν τόπου, ἔστι δ ̓ οὓς καὶ βραχυτέρους τῷ βάθει τοῦ ἐνθάδε εἶναι καὶ πλατυτέρους. Τούτους δὲ πάντας ὑπὸ γῆν εἰς ἀλλήλους συντετρῆσ‐ θαί τε πολλαχῇ, καὶ κατὰ στενώτερα καὶ εὐρύτερα, καὶ διεξόδους ἔχειν, ᾗ πολὺ μὲν ὕδωρ ῥεῖν ἐξ ἀλλήλων over the second, which he supposes to be the habitation of the less pure and unenlightened mortals, and proceeds to a deliberate consideration of the third, the nethermost parts of the earth. His portraiture of the infernal regions is drawn forcibly and effectively, but is involved in no ordinary difficulty from his minute and mazy description of the four rivers by which those regions are traversed, upon which Aristotle remarks, Meteorolog. ii. 2. Τὸ δ' ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι γεγραμμένον περί τε τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ τῆς θαλάττης ἀδύνατόν ἐστι. κ. τ. λ. Τόπους δ ̓ ἐν αὐτῷ εἶναι—πλατυτέρους.] Cf. supr. c. 58. a med. καὶ ἄλλους ἄλλοθι πολλοὺς ἐν πολλοῖσι τοιούτοις τόποις οἰκεῖν. εἶναι γὰρ πανταχῇ περὶ τὴν γῆν πολλὰ κοῖλα καὶ παντοδαπὰ καὶ τὰς ἰδέας καὶ τὰ μεγέθη, &c. Socrates now proceeds to say, that amongst or throughout those cavities (κατὰ τὰ ἔγκοιλα) there were many places, themselves of course cavities, bearing different proportions as to shape and size, to that space which we inhabit, supr. c. 58, from Phasis to the pillars of Hercules, i.e. Europe; (those being called Europeans by Aristides, t. 2. 307. ed. Cant., ὅσοι στηλῶν ̔Ηρακλέους ἐντὸς καὶ ποταμοῦ Φασίδος.) Some of those places being deeper down and wider ἀναπεπταμένους μᾶλλον) than the region in which we dwell; some deeper andmore narrow (τὸ χάσμα--ἔλαττον χειν); others more shallow (βραχυτέρους τῷ βάθει) and broader. Οlympiodorus mentions a fourth class, which was both shallow and narrow, Cod. i. p. 157. "Οτι ἀπὸ τῶν ἄκρων εἰς τὰ μέσα αὐτῆς καταβὰς ὁ λόγος, τετραχῇ διεῖλε τὰς κοίλας οἰκήσεις· τὰς μὲν γὰρ εἶναι βαθείας καὶ στένας τὰς δὲ κατὰ διάμετρον (i.e. on the contrary,) εὐρείας τε καὶ ἐπιπολαίους· τὰς δὲ ἐπιπολαίους καὶ στενάς τὰς, δὲ καὶ βαθείας τε καὶ εὐρείας. — ̓Αναπεπταμένους, patentiores. GoTTL. Cf. Iliad. φʹ. 531. πεπταμένας δ ̓ ἐν χερσι πύλας ἔχετε. Mosch. 2. 19. εἰς έτι πεπταμένοισιν ἐν όμμασιν εἶχε γυναῖκας. ̓́Εστι δ' οὓς.] i. e. ἐνίους δέ. See Matthiæ Gr. s. 482. Τούτους δὲ πάντας ὑπὸ γῆν.] i. e. But all these places have a subterranean communication, by frequent and mutual perforations, some more narrow and others broader. They have conduits also, by which means great quantities of water flow from one place to another, as into craters. There are also perennial rivers of inconceivable magnitude under the earth, both with warm and cold waters ; there are vast rivers of fire too, and many of liquid mud, some thinner and some more miry; like the streams of mud which precede the burning torrent of lava in Sicily, and the torrent of lava itself; with which those places severally are filled, to whichever each time the overflow may chance to come. Κατὰ στενώτερα.] Vulg. στενότερα. Heindorf suggests the Ionic form στεινότερα. Herod. ii. 8. Cf. Schol. ad Xenoph.Anab. iii. 4. 19. in marg. Cod. Guelf. στενώτερον κοινῶς. στεινότερον κατὰ τὸν κανόνατὸν καθόλου γραπτέον· ἀναλόγως καὶ τὸ ξεινότερον καὶ ξενώτερον. Etym. Μ. p. 275. τὰ διά τοῦοτερος καὶ-οτατος.-εἰ μὲν ἔχει τὴν πρὸ αὐτοῦ συλλαβὴν μακρὰν, διὰ τοῦ ο μικροῦ γράφεται—εἰ δὲ βραχεῖαν διὰ τοῦ ω μεγάλου, οἷον νεώτερος, σοφώτερος πλὴν τοῦ στενότατος καὶ κενότατος, ἅπερ φησὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ στεῖνος καὶ κεῖνος γεγονέναι. εἰς ἀλλήλους ὥς περ εἰς κρατῆρας, καὶ ἀενάων ποταμῶν ἀμήχανα μεγέθη ὑπὸ τὴν γῆν, καὶ θερμῶν ὑδάτων καὶ ψυχρῶν, πολὺ δὲ πῦρ καὶ πυρὸς μεγάλους ποταμούς, πολλοὺς δὲ ὑγροῦ πηλοῦ, καὶ καθαρωτέρου καὶ βορβορωδεστέρου, ὥς περ ἐν Σικελίᾳ οἱ πρὸ τοῦ ῥύακος πηλοῦ ῥέοντες ποταμοὶ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ῥύαξ· ὧν δὴ καὶ ἑκάστους τοὺς τόπους πληροῦσθαι, ὧν ἂν ἑκάστοις τύχῃ ἑκάστοτε ἡ περιῤῥοὴ γιγνομένη. ταῦτα δὲ πάντα κινεῖν ἄνω καὶ κάτω ὥς περ αἰώραν τινὰ ἐνοῦσαν ἐν τῇ γῇ. ἔστι δὲ ἄρα αὕτη ἡ αἰώρα διὰ φύσιν τοιάνδε τινά. ἕν τι τῶν χασμάτων τῆς γῆς ἄλλως τε μέγιστον τυγχάνει ὂν καὶ διαμπερὲς τετρημένον δ ̓ ὅλης τῆς γῆς, τοῦτο ὅ περ Ὅμηρος εἶπε, λέγων αὐτὸ Κρατῆρας.] V. Wesseling, ad Diodor. v. 4. where Ceres is said to have lighted the torches with which she continued to search by night for Proserpine, ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Αἴτνην κρατήρων, i. e. from the fires which burst from the summit of Ætna. Cf. Lucret. vi. 701. “Nunc tamen, illa modis quibus inritata repente Flamma foras vastis Ætnæ fornacibus efflet, Expediam....In summo sunt ventigeni Crateres, ut ipsi Nominitant, nos quos fauceis perhibemus et ora." Πηλοῦ ῥέοντες ποταμοὶ.] Strabo, vi. p. 413. B. τακείσης ἐν τοῖς κρατῆρσι τῆς πέτρας, εἶτ ̓ ἀναβληθείσης τὸ ὑπερχυθὲν τῆς κορυφῆς ὑγρὸν πηλός ἐστι μέλας, ῥέων κατὰ τῆς ὀρεινῆς· εἶτα πῇξιν λαβὼν γίνεται λίθος μυλίας τὴν αὐτὴν φυλάττων χρόαν ἣν ῥέων εἶχεν, &c. Ο ῥύαξ.] So the stream of burning lava, from the craters of Ætna, was properly called; Diod. S. xiv. 59. έφθαρμένων τῶν παρὰ τὴν θάλατταν τόπων ὑπὸ τοῦ καλουμένου ῥύακος, ἀναγκαῖον ἦν τὸ πεζὸν στρατόπεδον περιπορεύεσθαι τὸν τῆς Αἴτνης λόφον. Thucyd. iii. 116. Εῤῥύῃ δὲ περὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἔαρ τοῦτο ὁ ῥύαξ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκ τῆς Αίτνης. "Ως περ αἰώραν τινὰ.] Olympiod. Cod. i. p. 162. "Οτι τῆς τῶν ὑπογείων ρευμάτων ἀντιθέσεως αἰτίαν εἶναι φησι τὴν αἰώραν, ἤ ἐστιν ἀντιταλάντωσις· καὶ πρὸ αὐτῆς ἡ ψυχὴ ζῶον ποιοῦσα τὴν γῆν, εἰσπνέον καὶ ἐκπνέον· καὶ ὅτι (f. ἔτι) πρὸ ταύτης ἡ δαιμονία καὶ θεῖα αἰτία : where αιώρα is correctly explained by ἀντιταλάντωσις, a reciprocal preponderance of the bowls of a balance when set in motion, in which there are equal weights. So this αἰώρα, or libration which existed in the earth, caused a perpetual efflux and influx of those rivers, according to the elevation and depression of the places themselves. Αἰώρα, in gymnastics, is applied to an exercise familiar to early life; two boys, one at either end of a beam whose centre rests on a log, reciprocally rising and falling, are said ἀντιταλαντεύειν, i. q. αἰωρεῖν. See infr. αἰωρεῖται καὶ κυμαίνει ἄνω καὶ κάτω. Ficinus, Scap. Lex., and others, explain αἰώρα by vas pensile, which is wholly inconsistent with the sense and tenor of the passage. ̓́Εστι δὲ ἄρα αὕτη ἡ αἰώρα,—i. e. that this αἰώρα is owing to a certain innate property in the earth. One of the chasms or έγκοιλα in the earth is far larger than the rest, called by Homer and other poets Tartarus; into this all the rivers already mentioned are emptied, and from this they are again discharged to their respective beds and currents ; hence the αἰώρα, which some interpreters removing the stop after τινά,explain as if it was itself ἕν τι τῶν χασμάτων, &c. which is utterly inadmissible as far as regards both meaning and grammar. "Ο περ ̔́Ομηρος.] Iliad. θ'. 13. See notes toPope's Homer, Iliad.θ'. Odyss. λ'. and ώ. τῆλε μάλ', ᾗχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον· ὅ καὶ ἄλλοθι καὶ ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ τῶν ποιητῶν Τάρταρον κεκλήκασιν. εἰς γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ χάσμα συῤῥέουσί τε πάντες οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἐκ τούτου πάλιν ἐκρέουσι ̇ γίγνονται δὲ ἕκαστοι τοιοῦτοι δὶ οἵας ἂν καὶ τῆς γῆς ῥέωσιν. Ἡ δ ̓ αἰτία ἐστὶ τοῦ ἐκρεῖν τε ἐντεῦθεν καὶ εἰσρεῖν πάντα τὰ ῥεύματα, ὅτι πυθμένα οὐκ ἔχει οὐδὲ βάσιν τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦτο. αἰωρεῖται δὴ καὶ κυμαίνει ἄνω καὶ κάτω, καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ περὶ αὐτὸ ταυτὸν ποιεῖ· ξυνέπεται γὰρ αὐτῷ καὶ ὅταν εἰς τὸ ἐπ ̓ ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς ὁρμήσῃ καὶ ὅταν εἰς τὸ ἐπὶ τάδε, καὶ ὥς περ τῶν ἀναπνεόντων ἀεὶ ἐκπνεῖ τε καὶ ἀναπνεῖ ῥέον τὸ πνεῦμα, οὕτω καὶ ἐκεῖ ξυναιωρούμενον τῷ ὑγρῷ τὸ πνεῦμα δεινούς τινας ἀνέμους καὶ ἀμηχάνους παρέχεται καὶ εἰσιὸν καὶ ἐξιόν. ὅταν τε οὖν ὁρμῆσαν ὑποχωρήσῃ τὸ ὕδωρ εἰς τὸν τό βάθιστον- βέρεθρον.] -βέρεθρον.] Cf. Virg. Eneid. vi. 577. "tum Tartarus ipse Bis patet in præceps tantum, tenditque sub umbras, Quantus ad ætherium cæli suspectus Olympum.” Hesiod. Theogon. 720. Τόσσον ἔνερθ ̓ ὑπὸ γῆς, ὅσον οὐρανός ἐστ ̓ ἀπὸ γαίης. Paradise Lost, B. 1. “ Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace And rest can never dwell; hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end Still urges, and a fiery deluge fed With ever-burning sulphur unconsum'd: Such place eternal Justice had prepared For those rebellious: here their prison ordained In utter darkness, and their portion set As far removed from God and light of Heaven, As from the centre thrice to the utmost pole."Βέρεθρον, Hesych. interpr. βαθος, βάραθρον, κατώτατον, ἔσχατον, ἢ πηλώδης τόπος, ἢ κοίλωμα καταχθόνιον. ́Αλλοι πολλοι των ποιητων.] Hesiod. loc. cit. Æschyl. Prom. 154. Eurip. Hippol. 1290. Εἰς γὰρ τοῦτο.] These words are to be referred to ἕν τι—τετρημένον δι ὅλης τῆς γῆς, supr. of which they explain the cause, whence γάρ. τ. τ. χ. Τοιοῦτοι δι οἵας ἂν κ.] h. e. οἵα ἐστὶν ἡ γῆ, δι ἧς ἂν ῥεώσιν. Πυθμένα οὐχ ἔχει οὐδὲ βάσιν.] Hic liquor nec fundum nec fundamentum habet. WYTT.-Αἰωρεῖται δὴ καὶ κυμαίνει, rolls or librates, and fluctuates up and down; ἄνω and κάτω are not to be understood of two places only, but of all the parts of this earth which are diametrically opposed. It is to be observed that the cause of this motion in this liquid body is its being equally attracted on all sides towards its own centre, as in the case of the earth, supr. c. 58. Τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ περὶ αὐτὸ.]͵ Olympiod. "Οτι ὄντος πυρὸς ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὕδατος καὶ ἀέρος, εἰκότως γίνεται πολυ πνεῦμα ἐκεῖ. τοῦ μὲν πυρὸς ἐξατμιδοῦντος τὸ ὕδωρ (turning the water into vapour), τὸ δὲ ὕδατος εἰς πνεῦμα ἀναλομένου.--Περὶ αὐτὸ, sc. τὸ ὑγρόν. Οταν τε οὖν ὁρμῆσαν-ἐπαντλοῦντες.] When, therefore, the water rushing with violence, descends into that place which is called κάτω, the region underneath, (—καλούμενον is added because in reality neither ἄνω nor κάτω can be applied to the earth, except relatively, according to the different situations of its inhabitants), then (τότε) having passed through the earth (διὰ τῆς γῆς) it flows πον τὸν δὴ κάτω καλούμενον, τότε κατ ̓ ἐκεῖνα τὰ ῥεύματα διὰ τῆς γῆς εἰσρεῖ τε καὶ πληροῖ αὐτὰ ὥς περ οἱ ἐπαντλοῦντες· ὅταν τε αὖ ἐκεῖθεν μὲν ἀπολίπῃ, δεῦρο δὲ ὁρμήσῃ, τὰ ἐνθάδε πληροῖ αὖθις, τὰ δὲ πληρωθέντα ῥεῖ διὰ τῶν ὀχετῶν καὶ διὰ τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἰς τοὺς τόπους ἕκαστα ἀφικνούμενα εἰς οὓς ἑκάστους ὁδοποιεῖται, θαλάττας τε καὶ λίμνας καὶ ποταμοὺς καὶ κρήνας ποιεῖ. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ πάλιν δυόμενα κατὰ τῆς γῆς, τὰ μὲν μακροτέρους τόπους περιελθόντα καὶ πλείους, τὰ δὲ ἐλάττους καὶ βραχυτέρους πάλιν εἰς τὸν Τάρταρον ἐμβάλλει, τὰ μὲν πολὺ κατωτέρω ἢ ἐπηντλεῖτο, τὰ δὲ ὀλίγον ̇ πάντα δὲ ὑποκάτω εἰσρεῖ τῆς ἐκροῆς. καὶ ἔνια Il into the beds of the rivers (τὰ ῥεύματα) The sense in which ἐπαντλοῦντες is there (κατ' ἐκεῖνα), and fills them up in taken supr. clearing a ship's sink by pumpthe manner of those who pump up the watering, evidently accords both with κυμαίνει from the hold of a ship. This is suggested ἄνω καὶ κάτω supr. and ἢ ἐπαντλεῖτο as a feasible interpretation of a passage infr. It agrees also with the interpretainvolved in some perplexity. It is to be tion of Schleiermacher and Schneider V. observed, that τότε κατ' ἐκ. has been ̓Αντλία. V. Cousin in loc. “Tous les adopted supr. after Zeunius and Wytten- traducteurs: Comme quand on verse de bach, as corresponding to örav preced., l'eau qu'on a puisée, ou quelque chose for τοῖς κατ' ἐκ. the reading of Bekker d' équivalent, à l'exception de Dacier: and Heindorf, who arranges the passage comme quand on puise de l'eau avec deux in explan. τὰ ῥεύματα εἰσρεῖ διὰ τῆς seaux, interprétation arbitraire et ridicule. γῆς τοῖς κατ' ἐκεῖνα καὶ πληροῖ αὐτὰ, Quant à la première, elle est tout-a-fait in which, however, he admits, "durius- insignifiante et indigne de Platon. culum esse ἐκεῖνα sejungere a seq. τὰ faut qu'il ait voulu indiquer quelque méῥεύματα, durum itidem, εἰσρεῖν ad da- canisme particulier dont on se servait de tivum τοῖς κατ' ἐκεῖνα trahere ; sed ali- son temps pour vider les vaisseaux, et par ter tamen non constare sensus." The lequel on mettait l'eau en movement latter and more serious difficulty is ob- dans une autre direction que celle de la viated by τότε; but with regard to the for- pesanteur. Nous n’avons que le mot mer it is absolutely necessary to the sense pompe pour exprimer cela." that κατ ̓ ἐκεῖνα should have the force of ἐκεῖ, as being opposed to ἐνθάδε infr. Further, as κάτω is but a relative term, the water may be said, when it has reached the opposite surface, to have emerged, ἄνω, διὰ τῆς γῆς, and to have spread itself not through the rivers, (as Wyttenbach explains τὰ ῥεύματα, in fumina, and again, ὡς περ οἱ ἐπαντλοῦντης, ut apud nos faciunt hi, qui aquam antlia haurientes eam alteri aquæ affundunt;) but through the beds of the rivers, which became empty again on the return or ascent of the waters to us here, ἐνθάδε, who dwell in some one of the, relatively speaking, superior ἔγκοιλα τῆς γῆς. So V. Cousin ;-vers des lits de fleuves. Τὰ ἐνθάθε.] Intell. ῥεύματα.—Διὰ τῶν ὀχετῶν, through the channels. Εἰς οὓς ἑκάστους, into which severally they make their way. Πολὺ κατωτέρω ἢ ἐπηντλεῖτο.] Far deeper down than they were drawn up; referring to οἱ ἐπαντλοῦντες supr., and so obviously as to preclude the emendation of Heindorf, έξηντλεῖτο. See upon this construction ἢ ἐπηντ. Matthiæ Gr. s. 450. Obs. 2. Wyttenbach explains it more fully κατωτ. ἢ ᾧ ἐπ. inferius quam ubi, &c., but he is certainly wrong in giving adfundebatur as the sense of ἐπηντλεῖτο. Πάντα δὲ ὑποκάτω-τῆς ἐκροῆς.] But all below or lower than their efflux, μὲν καταντικρὺ ᾗ εἰσρεῖ ἐξέπεσεν, ἔνια δὲ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ μέρος· ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἃ παντάπασι κύκλῳ περιελα θόντα, ἢ ἅπαξ ἢ καὶ πλεονάκις περιελιχθέντα περὶ τὴν γῆν ὥς περ οἱ ὄφεις, εἰς τὸ δυνατὸν κάτω καθέντα πάλιν ἐμβάλλει. δυνατὸν δ ̓ ἐστὶν ἑκατέρωσε μέχρι τοῦ μέσου καθιέναι, πέρα δ ̓ οὔ· · ἄναντες γὰρ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς ῥεύμασι τὸ ἑκατέρωθεν γίγνεται μέρος. than the place of their discharge: Tйs ἐκροῆς being the same as ἢ ἐπηντλεῖτο preced. Socrates meaning to say that these waters, upon their return to Tartarus, issued out again, some deeper, others less so, but all in some degree below the point at which they were discharged. 64 sulter de la figure circulaire, qui a une infinite de diamètres.” Περιελιχθ. περὶ τὴν γῆν ὥς, π. οἱ ὄφ.] _Coiled around the earth like serpents. Εἰς τὸ δυνατὸν κάτω καθέντα.] i. e. When they have descended or sunk as low as possible; of the intransitive sense, as here, of καθιέναι, Heindorf adduces examples ad Theætet. c. 65. V. Lobeck, ad Soph. Αj. 842. where μεθιέναι, ἐφιέναι, ἀφιέναι, &c. are shown to be capable of a similar construction. Καταντικρὺ καὶ εἰσρεῖ.] i. e. καταντικρὺ τῆς εἰσροῆς. Matthiæ Gr. p. 749. note d. s. 481. Obs. 2. V. Cousin in loc. “ Aristotle, en refutant cette théorie de Platon, parait avoir entendu par le mot καταντικρὺ une opposition de lieux par rapport au centre de la terre: πάντα δὲ Εκατέρωσε.] Socrates had already κύκλῳ περιάγειν εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν.... said, that on the return of these streams πολλὰ μὲν καὶ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, to Tartarus they re-entered the earth τὰ δὲ καὶ καταντικρὺ τῇ θέσει τῆς ἐκ- always at a lower point than that of their ροῆς, οἷον, εἰ ρεῖν ἤρξατο κάτωθεν, discharge into Tartarus, also that some ἄνωθεν εἰσβάλλειν. (Meteor. ii. 2.) Et emptied themselves at a place transOlympiodore, son commentateur, inter- versely opposite to that at which they prète ce passage dans le même sens. had so entered, and others at the same Cette idée ne peut se concevoir qu'en side. While others, having made one or supposant que la figure de l'abîme du more circuits of the earth, emptied themTartare soit circulaire autour du centre selves again into Tartarus, as low down de la terre, ce qui est contraire à ce que as they could. But as all these waters, dit Platon, que le grand abime est διαμ- which so penetrate in different direcπερὲς τετρημένον δι ̓ ὅλης τῆς γῆς, tions through, and girded round the paroles qu'on ne peut guères adapter à earth, were forced to return to a common une figure circulaire, car alors il n'y de- centre, they could only as they re-envrait plus de terre, et tout serait abime. tered at both sides of the chasm, deIl faut donc que l'abîme soit plus long scend so low as its centre, but not que large; mais alors deux points de son beyond this, for on both sides, if they contour, pour être à l'opposite l'un de descended lower, they would be ascendl'autre, ne sont pas pour cela l'un en bas_ing a steep, whereas they could evidentet l'autre en haut, comme le veut Aristotle. L'hypothèse de la figure longitudinale de l'abîme me parait encore con firmée par les expressions δυνατὸν δ ̓ ἐστὶν ἑκατέρωσε ; ...τὸ ἑκατέρωθεν μέρος . . . . ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς ῥεύμασι, qui indiquent évidemment une opposition des points, sur la direction d'une seule et même ligne, et non sur une infinité des lignes différentes, ce qui devrait ré ly not pass at either side beyond the sphere of their attraction. Εκατέρωσε,—ἀμφοτεροῖς τοῖς ῥεύμασι, and τὸ ἑκατέρωθεν μέρος, may be explained by ἄνω καὶ κάτω,εἰς τὸ ἐπ ̓ ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐπὶ τάδε—κατ' ἐκεῖνα—τὰ ἐνθάδε supr. Heindorf refers it to ἔνια μὲν καταντ.ἔνια δὲ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ μέρος. But it is not easy to arrive at any certainty upon the de |