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Fig.1. Junci Lapidei.

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KERATOPHYTA.

Fig.6. Rolling Lamp

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LIVIU S.

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41. 12. N.

JU-YEN, a town of China in Quang-tong.

Their poor jades JUZENNECOURT, a town of France, in the Lob down their heads, dropping the hide and dep. of Opper Marne, 6 miles NW. of Chau- hips; mont.

And in their pale dull mouths the jgmold bit IWAMI, a province of Japan.

Lies, foul with chew'd grass, ftilt and motionIWANEE, an Indian town of N. America, near lefs

Shak. St Jago de Cuba, inhabited by Indians, who have JYNX, in ornithology, a genus of birds belongadopted the manners and language of the Spa- ing to the order of picæ; the characters of which niards.

are, that the bill is Dender, round, and pointed; IWANGROD, a town of Poland, in Braclaw, the noftrils are concave and naked; the tongue is IWIE, a town of Lithuania, in Wina. very long, very sender, cylindric, and terminated IXAR, or Higar, a town of Spain, in Arra. by a hard point; and the feet are formed for IXER, 3 gon, on the Marfin. Lon. o. 19. Lat. climbing. There is only one species, viz.

JYNX

TORQUILLA. See Plate CXCV.fig. 2. The IXIA, in botany: a genus of the monogynia colours of this bird are elegantly pencilled, though order, belonging to the triandria class of plants; its plumage is marked with the plained kinds; a and in the natural method ranking under the 6th lift of black and ferruginous strokes divides the orde, Enfata. The corolla is hexapetalous, pa. top of the head and back; the fides of the head tent, and equal; there are 3 ftigmata, a little up- and neck are afh-coloured, beautifully traversed right and petalous. There are several fpecies, with fine lines of black and reddish brown; the conlifting of herbaceous, tuberous, and bulbous- quill feathers are dufky, but each web is marked rooted flowery perennials, from one to two feet with ruft-coloured spots; the chin and breast are high, terminated by hexapetalous flowers of dif- of a light and yellowish brown, adorned with ferent colours. They are propagated by off-sets, sharp-pointed bars of black; the tail consists of which should be taken off in summer at the decay ten feathers, broad at their ends and weak, of a of the leaves: but as all the plants of this genus pale afh.colour, powdered with black and red, and are natives of warm climates, few of them can marked with four equidiftant bars of black: the bear the open air of this country in winter, irides are of a yellowish colour. The wry-neck,

IXION, in fabulous hiftory, king of the Lapi- Mr Pennant apprehends, is a bird of passage, apthæ, married Dia the daughter of Deionius, to pearing with us in the spring before the cuckoo. whom he refused to give the cuftomary nuptial Its note is like that of the keftril, a quick repeatpresents. Deionius, in revenge, took from him his ed squeak; its eggs are white, with a very thin horses; when Ixion, dissembling his resentment, fhell; it builds in the hollows of trees, making its invited his father-in-law to a fealt, and made him nest of dry grafs. It has a very whimfical way of fall through a trap-door into a burning furnace, turning and twisting its neck about, and bringing in which he was immediately consumed. Ixion its head over its fhoulders, whence it had its Labeing afterwards ftung with remorfe for his cruel. tin name forquilla, and its English one of wryty, ran mad; on which Jupiter, in compaffion, neck: it has also the faculty of erecting the feanot only forgave him, but took him up into hea. thers of the head like thofe of the jay. It feeds on ren, where he had the impiety to endeavour to ants, which it very dexterouly transfixes with the corrupt Juno. Jupiter, to be the better assured of bony and sharp end of its tongue, and then draws his guilt, formed a cloud in the resemblance of the them into its mouth; and while the female is lit. goddess, upon which Ixion begat the Centaurs; ting, the male has been obferved to carry these but boasting of his happiness, Jove burled him infects to her. These birds inbabit Russia, Swedown to Tartarus, where he lay fixed on a wheel den, Lapland, Greece, Italy, Babyloni, and Benencompassed with ferpents, which turns without gal: anthorities for which Buffon mentions, and ceasing.

says, that at the end of summer they grow very IXORA, in botany: a genus of the monogy- fat, become excellent eating ; for which - reason nia order, belonging to the tetrandria class of some have named it the ORTOLAN. The young plants; and in the natural method ranking under ones, while in the nefts, hiss like fnakes; insomuch the 47th order, Stellata. The corolla is monope. that many have been prevented plundering the talous, funnel-haped, and long, luperior; the Ita- old ones of their offspring, on fùppofition that mina above the throat; the berry tetraspermous. they were advancing their hands on the brood of

IXWORTH, a town in Suffolk, with a market this loathsome reptile. on Friday, 79 miles NE. by N. of London. Se. (1.) IZE, a town of France, in the dep. of Ille verai Roman coins have been dug up in it. and Villaine, 41 miles NW. of Vitre and is ENE.

JYENAGUR, JAY POUR,JAYNAGUR, or JOIN- of Rennes. JYEPOUR, SAGUR, a city of Hindooftan (2.) Ize, a town of France, in the dep. of Proper, capital of a territory so named, in the E. Maine, 6 miles NNE. of Eyron. quarter of Agimere, subject to one of the Rajpoot IZERE, ST, a town of France, in the dep. of princes. It was built by the celebrated Rajah Jef- Aveiron, 6 miles NW. of Șt Afrique. fing, who erected an observatory here, and in. (1.) IZERON, a town of France, in the dep. vited Claud Boudier to it, in 1734. Wendel says of Isere, 3 miles E. of St Marcelin. Jyepour was a place of great wealth in 1779, be. (2.) Izeron, a town of France, in the dep. of ing the staple of goods brought from every quar. Rhone and Loire, 10 miles SW. of Lyons. ter of India. It is 136 miles W. by S. of Agar. IZIUK, a town of Ruflia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 76. 9. E. Lat. 26. 56. N.

IZQUINTENANGO, a rich and handsome * JYMOULD). adj, . See GimmaĻ] town of New Spain, in the province of Chiapa.

(1.) *K,

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· (1.) * K, borrock alphabet. It has

A letter borrowed by the English

before all the vowels one invariable found: as, heen, ken, kill. It is ufed after at the end of words: as, knock, clock, crack, back, brick, flick, pluck, check, which were written anciently with e final: as, clocke, cheke, tricke. It is alfo in ufe between a vowel and the filent e final: as, cloke, broke, brake, pike, duke, eke. It likewife ends a word after a diphthong: as, look, break, fhook, leek. The English never ufe e at the end of a word. K is filent in the present pronunciation before n; as, knife, knee, knell.

(2.) K is used, 1. as a letter; 2. as an abbreviation; and, 3. it was anciently used as a numeral. 1. As a LETTER, K is the roth of our alphabet, and the 7th confonant. It is formed by the voice, by a guttural expreffion of the breath through the mouth, together with a depreflion of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. Its found is much the fame with that of the hard cor qu; and it is ufed, for the most part, only before e, i, and n, in the beginning of words; as, ken, kill, known, &c. It is at prefent very properly omitted at the end of English words, at least of those derived from the Latin; thus, for publick, public, &c. However, in monofyllables it is ftill retained, as jack, block, mock, &c. Kis borrowed from the Greek kappa, and was but little used among the Latins: Prifcian fays, it was never used except in words borrowed from the Greek. Daufquins, after Salluft, fays, it was unknown to the ancient Romans.-Indeed we feldom find it in any Latin authors, excepting in the word kalenda, where it fometimes ftands in lieu of c-Carthage, however, is often spelt on medals with a K: SALV. AUG. ET CAES. FEL. KART. and fometimes in poetry, as in this line, which contains all the letters of the alphabet:

Gazifrequens Lybicos duxit Karthago triumphos. Quintilian fays, that in his time fome people had a mistaken notion, that wherever the letter c and a occurred at the beginning of a word, kought to be ufed instead of c. See C. Lipfius obferves, that K was a ftigma anciently marked on the foreheads of criminals with a red-hot iron. The French never ufe k, excepting in a few terms of art, and proper names borrowed from other countries. II. As an ABBREVIATION, K has various fignifications in old charters and diplomas; e. g. K. R. ftood for chorus, K. R. C. for cara civitas, K. R. M. for carmen, KR. AM. N. carus amicus nofter, K. S. chaos, KT. capite tonfus, &c. Some times Kalone stood for Carthage.-M. Berger ob ferves, that a capital K, on the reverfe of the medals of the eastern emperors, fignified Konftanti nus; and on the Greek medals he will have it to fignify KOLAH ETPIA, Calofyria. Kon the ci-devant French coin denoted money coined at Bourdeaux. III. Kas a NUMERAL fignified 250, according to the verfe; "K quoque ducentos & quinquaginta tenebit." When it had a stroke at top, (R,) it ftood for 250,000.

KAADE, a town of Arabia, in Yemen. KAARTA, a kingdom of Africa, between the Gambia and the Niger, confifting partly of rocky hills, but chiefly of fandy plains. KEMMOO is the capital. Many of the inhabitants were alarmed

and astonished at the fight of Mr Mungo Park when he travelled through it, having never before

feen a white man. See JOHERS and KEMMOO.

KAAT'S-BAAN, a town of New York, on the W. bank of Hudson's river, 7 m. S. of Kaat's-Kill. KAAT'S-KILL, a township of New York, on the W. bank of Hudson's river, g miles S. of Hudfon city, and 125 N. of New York. It contained 1645 citizens, 1795, of whom 345 were electors, and 305 flaves.

KAAT'S KILL MOUNTAINS, a majestic ridge of mountains near the above township, which are the first part of the Alleghany mountains. KABA. See CAABA, and MECCA.

KABAS, a town of Egypt, 3 miles S. of Foua. KABASSI, a town of Turkey, in Albania. KABASSOU. See DASYPUS, N° 1. KABOBIQUAS, a nation of S. Africa, who had never feen a white man till 1785, when M. Vaillant vifited them. Having received previous intimation of his approach from fome of the adjacent tribes, their curiofity was wound up to the higheft pitch; and, upon the first appearance of his company, the whole horde quitted their kraal and ran out to meet him. Hardly able to believe their eyes, they felt his hair, his hands, feet, and almost every part of his body. His beard astonished them, and believing him to be all over hairy, they half unbuttoned his clothes before they could be fatisfied of the contrary. The children were dreadfully frightened, but were foon reconciled to him by prefents of fugar-candy. Their chief fhowed him every mark of refpect. He was a majestic figure, advanced in life, and wore a long mantle made of 4 jackal skins. The Kabobiquas have neither the flat nofe nor plump cheeks of the Hottentots. They are as tall and as black as the CAFFRES. Their hair is very fhort, much curled, and ornamented with small copper buttons. They go almoft entirely naked, during the hot weather, wearing only a small round piece of leather over the pudenda; yet their manners are uncommonly chate, and no females can be more referved than their women, whofe aprons reach only half-way down the high. They wear a long mantle made of skins with the hair on. Their only ornaments are glafs beads, which they wear as bracelets. M. Vaillant gave them a number of glass bottles, which they greatly admired, and called felid water, having feen ice, and having no idea, that any other solid substance could be formed tranfparent. They fuppofed M. Vaillant prevented them from melting before their fires, by magic. He fays he “never faw a nation so difin terefted. They vied with each other in generofity. Every night they brought to his camp a confiderable quantity of milk; and they never came to spend the evening with his people, without bringing fome fheep to regale them. Many of them gave away gratuitoully, and without recei ving any thing in return, part of their berds and flocks.". With all this benevolence, they have alfo a courageous and martial character. Their weapons are poisoned arrows, and lances with long points. Their defenfive arms are bucklers of two different fizes, made of fkins, very thick, and impenetrable by arrows. Their courage is equally displayed against their enemies and against

wild beafts. Yet with all their boldness, they are extremely obedient to their chief, whofe will is a law. They believe in a fupreme being, who exifts far beyond the ftars, and who made and go verns all things." Yet, if we may believe M. Vaillant, they have no conception of future exintence, or rewards and punishments; and they have neither worship, facrifices, ceremonies, nor priefts." He places their country between Lon. 16° 25′ and 19° 25 E. of Paris: and between 23° and 15° Lat. S.

KACHAO. See CACHEO.

KADESH, KADESH-BARNEA, OF EN-MISHPAT, in ancient geography, a city in the wilderness of Zin, where Miriam the fifter of Mofes died (Num. XX. 1.), and where Mofes and Aaron, fhowing a Ciftruft in God's power when they smote the rock at the waters of ftrife, were condemned to die without the confolation of entering the promised land (xxvii. 14.) The king of Kadesh was one of the princes killed by Joshua (xii. 22.) This city was given to the tribe of Judah, and was fituated about 8 leagues from Hebron on the S. Mr Wells is of opinion, that this Kadesh was a different place from Kadefh-barnea în the wildernefs of Paran. See CADES, N° 1-4.

KADMONEI, OF CADMONær, an ancient people of Paleftine, faid to dwell at the foot of mount Hermon; which lies E. with refpect to Libanus, Phoenicia, and the N. parts of Paleftine; called allo HEVÆI.

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bowels and the whole nervous fyftem. The root was formerly used in this country in bitter infufions; but is now laid afide, on account of its fla your being difagreeable."

KAHUA, the capital of COCHIN CHINA. KAJAAGA, a kingdom of Africa, called alfo GALLAM, bounded on the S. and SE. by Bam bouk, N. by the Senegal, and W. by Bondou and Foota Torra. Mr Park fays, the air is more pure and falubrious than at any fettlement on the coaft, and the furface is beautiful and picturesque. The inhabitants are called SERAWOOLLIES, or SERACOLETS, and carry on trade in flaves with the British factories on the Gambia. See JOAG.

KAIL, a river of Scotland, in Teviotdale, which
joins the Teviot, between Jedburgh and Kelfo.
KAIRWAN, the modern name of CYRENE.
See BARBARY, I. 3.

KAISI. See BETHLEHEM, N° 1.
KALENDÆ. See KALENDS.

(I. i.)* KALENDAR. n. f. [now written calen dar.] An account of time.

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Let this pernicious hour
Stand as accursed in the kalendar.

Shakesp

(i.) A KALENDAR is a diftribution of time, accommodated to the ufes of life'; or a table or almanac, containing the order of days, weeks, months, feafts, &c. bappening throughout, the year. See CHRONOLOGY, Index; MONTH, TIME, YEAR, &c. It is called kalendar, from the word KALENDÆ, anciently wrote in large characters at the head of each month. See KALENDS. The days in kalendars were originally divided into ortoades, or eights; but afterwards, in imitation of the Jews, inta hebdomades, or fevens; which cuftom, Scaliger obferves, was not introduced among the Romans till after the time of Theodofius. There are divers kalendars, according to the different forms of the year and diftributions of time established in different countries. Hence the Ro man, the Jewish, the Perfian, the Julian, the Gre gorian, &c. The ancient Roman kalendar is given by Ricciolus, Struvius, Danet, and others; by which we fee the order and number of the Roman holidays and work-days. The three Chriftian kalendars are given by Wolfius in his Elements of Chronology. The Jewith kalendar was fixed by rabbi Hillel about the year 360, from which time the days of their year may be reduced to those of the Julian kalendar.

KÆMPFER. See KOEMPFER. T KÆMPFERIA, ZEDOARY, in botany; a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the monandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method Tanking under the 8th order, Scitamined. The corolla is fexpartite, with three of the fegments larger than the reft, patulous; and one only bipartite.

1 KEMPFERIA GALANGA, common galangal, or long zedoary, has tuberous, thick, oblong, fiethy roots; crowned with oval, clofe fitting leaves, by pairs, 4 or 5 inches long, without footfalks; and between them clofe fitting white flowers, with purple bottoms, growing fingly.

1. KEMPFERIA KOTUNDA, the round zedoary, has thick, fleshy, fwelling, roundish, clustering roots, fending up fpear-fhaped leaves 6 or 8 inches Lng, near half as broad, on upright footftalks; and between them, immediately from the roots, rife whitifh flowers, tinged with green, red, yellow, and purple centres, Both these are perennial in root; but the leaves rife annually in fpring, and decay in winter. They flower in fummer: each flower is of one petal, tubulous below, but plain above, and divided into fix parts; they continue 3 or 4 weeks in beauty, but are never fucceded by feeds in this country. Both thefe fpecies must be potted in light rich mould, and always kept in the hot-houfe, giving in plenty of water in fummer, but more fpatingly in winter. They are propagated by parting the roots in the pring, juft before they begin to push forth new leaves. They are cultivated with great care by the inhabitants of Siam for the fake of the roots; the ufe of which, fays Kempfer, is to remove obfructions of the hypochondria, to warm the ftomach, difcufs flatulencies, and to ftrengthen the

I. KALENDAR, FRENCH. See CALENDAR, No 3. (2.) KALENDAR, GELALEAN, or JELLALEAN, is a correction of the Perfian kalendar, made by order of fultan Gelaleddan, in the 467th year of the Hegira; A. D. 1089.

3. KALENDAR, GREGORIAN, is that which, by means of epacts, rightly difpofed through the feveral months, determines the new and full moons, and the time of Eafter, with the moveable feafts depending thereon, in the Gregorian year. The Gregorian kalendar, therefore, differs from the Julian, both in the form of the year, and in that epacts are fubftituted in lieu of golden numbers: for the ufe and difpofition whereof, fee EPACT. Though the Gregorian kalendar be far preferable to the Julian, yet it is not without its defects (perhaps, as Tycho Brahe and Caffini imagine, it is impoffible even to bring the thing to a perfect

juftnefs.)

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