IMA gles; but the image, or fenfible idea, we cannot images in churches as ornaments, was first intro diftinguish by fancy from the image of a figure duced by fome Chriftians in Spain, in the beginning of the 4th century; but the practice was that has gco angles. Watts. condemned as a dangerous innovation, in a council held at Eliberis in 305. Epiphanius, in a letter preferved by Jerome, tom. ii. ep. 6. bears a ftrong teftimony againft images; and he may be confidered as one of the first ICONOCLASTS. The cuftom of admitting pictures of faints and martyrs into churches (for this was the first fource of IMAGE-WORSHIP) was rare in the end of the 4th century; but became common in the 5th. But they were ftill confidered only as ornaments, and even in this view, they met with very confiderable oppofition. In the following century the cuf tom of thus adorning churches became almoft univerfal, both in the E. and W. Petavius exprefsly fays, (de Incar. lib. xv. cap. 14.) that no statues were yet allowed in the churches; because they bore too near a refemblance to the idols of the Gentiles. Towards the close of the 4th, or beginning of the 5th century, images, which were introduced by way of ornament, and then used as an aid to devotion, began to be actually worshipped. However, it continued to be the doctrine of the church in the 6th, and in the beginning of the 7th century, that images were to be used only as helps to devotion, and not as objects of wor fhip. The worship of them was condemned in the strongest terms by Gregory the Great; as appears by two of his letters, written in 601. From this time to the beginning of the 8th century, there occurs no inftance of any worship, given or But they were allowed to be given to images by any council or assembly of bishops whatever. commonly worshipped by the monks and popu lace in the beginning of the 8th century; infomuch, that in 726, when Leo published his famous edict, it had already spread into all the provinces subject to the empire. The Lutherans condemn the Calvinifts for breaking the images in the churches of the Catholics, looking on it as a kind of facrilege; and yet they condemn the Romanifts (who are profeffed image-worshippers) as idolaters: nor can thefe laft keep pace with the Greeks, who go far beyond them in this point; which has occafioned abundance of difputes among them. See ICONOCLAST, § 2. The Jews abfolutely condemn all images, and do not fo much as fuffer any ftatues or figures in their houses, much lefs in their fynagogues or places of worship. The Mahometans have an equal averfion to images; which led them to deftroy most of the beautiful monuments of antiquity, both facred and profane, at Conftantinople. (2.) IMAGE, in a religious sense, (§ 1. def. 2.) is an artificial reprefentation of fome perfon or thing, ufed as an object of adoration; in which fenfe, it is ufed fynonymously with IDOL. The ufe and adoration of images have been long controverted. It is plain, from the practice of the primitive church, recorded by the earlier fathers, that Chriftians, during the first three centuries, and the greater part of the 4th, neither worshipped images nor ufed them in their worship. However, the greater part of the Popish divines maintain, that the ufe and worship of images are as ancient as the Chriftian religion itself: to prove this, they allege a decree, faid to have been made in a council held by the Apofties at Antioch, commanding the faithful, that they may not err about the object of their worship, to make images of Chrift and worship them. Baron. ad ann. 102. But no notice is taken of this decree, till 700 years after the Apoftolic times, after the difpute about images had commenced. The firft inftance that occurs in any credible author, of images among Chrifti, is that recorded by Tertullian de Pudicit. c. 10. of certain cups, or chalices, as Bellarmine pretends, on which was reprefented the parable of the good fhepherd carrying the loft fheep on his fboolders: but this inftance only proves, that the church at that time did not think emblematical figures unlawful ornaments of chalices. Another inftance is taken from Eufebius, (Hift. Eccl. lib. vii. cap. 18.) who says, that in his time there were to be feen two brass statues in the city of Paneas or Cæfarea Philippi; the one of a woman on her knees, with her arms ftretched out, the other of a man over againft her, with his hand extended to receive her: these ftatues were faid to be the images of our Saviour and the woman whom he cured of an iffue of blood. From the foot of the fatue representing our Saviour, says the hiftorian, fprung up an exotic plant, which, as foon as it grew to touch the border of his garment, was faid to cure all forts of diftempers. Eufebius, however, vouches none of these things; nay, he fuppofes that the woman who erected this ftatue of our Saviour was a pagan, and afcribes it to a pagan cuftom. Philoftorgius, (Eccl. Hift. lib. vii. c. 3.) exprefsly fays, that this ftatue was carefully preServed by the Chriftians, but that they paid no kind of worship to it, because it is not lawful for Chriftians to worship brafs or any other matter. The primitive Chriftians abstained from the worship of images, not, as the Papifts pretend, from tenderness to heathen idolaters, but because they thought it unlawful in itself to make any images of the Deity. Juftin Mart. Apol. ii. p. 44. Clem. Alex. Strom. 5. Strom. 1. and Protr. p. 46. Aug. de Civit. Dei. lib. vii. c. 5. and lib. iv. c. 32. Id. de Fide et Symb. c. 7. Lactant. lib ii. c. 3. Tertull. Apol. c. 12. Arnob. lib. vi. p. 202. TertulTan, Clemens Alexandrinus, and Origen, were of opinion, that, by the fecond commandment, painting and engraving were unlawful to a Chriftian, tyling them evil and wicked arts. Tert. de Idol. cap. 3. Clem. Alex. Admon. ad Gent. p. 41. O diga contra Celfum, lib. vi. p. 182. The ufe of (3) IMAGE, in antiquity. The Roman patricians preferved the images of their ancestors with great care, and had them carried in proceffion at their funerals and triumphs: these were commonly made of wax, or wood, though fometimes of marble or brafs. They placed them in the vestibules of their houfes; and they were to ftay there, even if the houfes happened to be fold, it being accounted impious to difplace them. Appius Claudius was the first who brought them into the temples, A. U. C. 259, and he added inscriptions to them, fhowing the origin of the perfons reprefented, and their brave and virtuous achievements. It It was not, however, allowed for all, who had the images of their ancestors in their houses, to have them carried at their funerals; this was only granted to such as had honourably discharged their offices: for those who failed in this respect, for--All the vifionary beauties of the profpect, the feited that privilege; and if they had been guilty of any great crime, their images were broken in pieces. See IGNOBILES, and Jus, No 7. (4.) IMAGE, in optics, a figure in the form of any object, made by the rays of light iffuing from the feveral points of it, and meeting in fo many other points, either at the bottom of the eye, or on any other ground, or on any transparent medium, where there is no furface to reflect them. Thus we are faid to fee all objects by means of their images formed in the eye. (5.) IMAGE, in rhetoric, alfo fignifies a lively description of any thing in a difcourfe. Images in discourse are defined by Longinus, to be, in general, any thoughts proper to produce expreffions, and which present a kind of picture to the mind. But, in the more limited fenfe, he says, images are fuch difcourfes as come from us, when, by a kind of enthusiasm, or an extraordinary emotion of the foul, we feem to fee the things whereof we speak, and prefent them before the eyes of thofe who hear us. Images, in rhetoric, have a very different use from what they have among the poets: the end principally propofed in poetry is, aftonifhment and furprise; whereas the thing chiefly aimed at in profe, is to paint things naturally, and to fhow them clearly. They have this, however, in common, that they both tend to move, each in its kind. These images, or pictures, are of vaft ufe, to give weight, magnificence, and ftrength, to a difcourfe. They warm and animate it; and, when managed with art, according to Longinus, feem, as it were, to fubdue the hearer, and put him in the power of the speaker. *To IMAGE. v. a. [from the noun.] To copy by the fancy; to imagine. How are immaterial fubftances to be imaged, which are fuch things whereof we can have no notion? Dryden.Image to thy mind How our forefathers to the Stygian fhades Went quick. Philips. His ear oft frighted with the imag'd voice Of heav'n, when first it thunder'd. Prior. Fate fome future bard shall join In fad fimilitude of griefs to mine, Condemn'd whole years in abfence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope. * IMAGERY. n. J. [from image.] 1. Senfible representations; pictures; ftatues. Of marble stone was cut An altar carv'd with cunning imagery. Fairy Q. Dryden. Your gift shall two large goblets be Of filver wrought with curious imagery, And high emboss'd. Dryden. 2. Show; appearance.-Things of the world fill the imaginative part with beauties and fantaftick imagery. Taylor. What can thy imagery of forrow mean ? Secluded from the world, and all its care, Haft thou to grieve or joy, to hope or fear? Prior. paint and imagery that attracted our fenfes, fade and disappear. Rogers. 3. Forms of the fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantafms.-It might be a mere dream which he faw; the imagery of a melancholick fancy, fuch as mufing men mistake for a reality. Atterbury. 4. Representations in writing; fuch descriptions as force the image of the thing defcribed upon the mind.-I wish there may be in this poem any inftance of good imagery. Dryden. IMAGINABLE. adj. [imaginable. Fr. from imagine.] Poffible to be conceived.-It is not imaginable that men will be brought to obey what they cannot efteem. South.-Men, funk into the greatest darkness imaginable, retain some sense and awe of a Deity. Tillotson. * IMAGINANT. adj. [imaginant, Fr.] Imagining; forming ideas. We will enquire what the force of imagination is, either upon the body imaginant, or upon another body. Bacon. IMAGINARY. adj. [imaginaire, Fr. from imagine.] Fancied; vifionary; exifting only in the imagination.Falfe forrow's eye, Which, for things true, weeps things imaginary. Shakefp. Shakefp. Expectation whirls me round: Th' imaginary relish is so sweet, That it enchants my fenfe. Fortune is nothing elfe but a power imaginary, to which the fucceffes of human actions and endeavours were for their variety ascribed. Raleigh. Why wilt thou add to all the griefs I fuffer, Imaginary ill and fancied tortures? Addison. (1.)* IMAGINATION, n. f. [imaginatio. Lat. imagination. Fr. from imagine.] 1. Fancy; the power of forming ideal pictures; the power of reprefenting things abfent to one's felf or others. -Imagination I understand to be the reprefentation of an individual thought. Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is paft; and of things present, or as if they were present : for I comprehend in this imagination feigned and at pleasure, as if one fhould imagine fuch a man to be in the vestments of a pope, or to have wings. Bacon. Our fimple apprehenfion of corporeal objects, if prefent, is fenfe; if abfent, imagination: when we would perceive a material object, our fancies prefent us with its idea. Glanville O whither fhall I run, or which way fly Milton. Pope. Where beams of warm imagination play, The memory's foft figures melt away. 2. Conception; image in the mind; idea.-Sometimes despair darkens all her imaginations: fome. times the active paffion of love cheers and clears her inventions. Sidney. Princes have but their title for their glories, An outward honour for an inward toil; And, And, for unfelt imaginations, of the Perfian fect, or sect of the Schiates; Abu. They often feel a world of refless cares. Shak. beker the imam of the Sunnites, which is the sect Better I were distract, followed by the Turks; Saphii, or Safiy, the imam So should my thoughts be sever'd from my griefs; of another sect, &c. And woes, by wrong imaginations, lose IMAMATE, n. s. the dignity of an IMAM. The The knowledge of themselves. Sbak. King Lear. Mahometans do not agree among themselves about -His imaginations were often as just as they were this dignity. Some think it of divine right, and at. bold and strong. Dennis. Contrivance; scheme. tached to a single family, as the pontificate of Aa-Thou hast seen all their vengeance, and all their ron. Others hold, that though it is indeed of di. imaginations against me. Lam. iii. 60. 4. An unfo. vine right, it is not attached so to any single family, lid or fanciful opinion. - We are apt to think that as that it may not be transferred to another. They space, in itself, is actually boundless; to which ima. add, that the imam is to be clear of all gross fins ; gination, the idea of space, of itself, leads us. Locke. and that otherwise he may be deposed, and his dig (2.) IMAGINATON. See METAPHYSICS. nity may be conferred on another. However this (3.) IM'AGINATION, FORCE OF. See MONSTER, be, it is certain, that after an imam has once been N° 5 owned *'IMAGINATIVE. adj. [imaginatif . Fr. from comes immediately from God, is accounted ima imagine.] Fantastic; fullof imagination.-Witches pious; he who does not obey him is a rebel; and are imaginative, and believe oftentimes they do he who pretends to contradi&t what be says is efthat which they do not. Bacon's Natural History. teemed a fool, among the orthodox Mussulmans. - Lay fetters and reftraints upon the imaginative The Imams bave no outward mark of diftinction ; and fantastic part, because our fancy is usually their babit is the same with that of the Turks in pleased with the entertainment of shadows and common, except that the turban is a little larger, gauds. Taylor's Rule of living boly. and folded somewhat differently. * To IMAGINE. v. a. (imaginer, Fr. imaginor, IMAUS, in ancient geography, the largeftmounLat.] 1. To fancy; to paint in the mind. - tain of Asia, and a part of Taurus; from which Look what notes and garments he doth give the whole of India extends into a vast plan, rethee, sembling Egypt. (Strabo, Pliny.) It extends through Bring them, I pray thee, with imagir'd speed. Scythia, as far as to the Mare Glaciale, dividing Prefent fears it into Scythia intra Imaum, and Scythia extra Are less than horrible imaginings. Shak. Macb. Imaum, or Hither and Farther Scythia, (Ptolemy); --What are our ideas of eternity and immenfity, and stretching out along the N. of India to the but the repeated additions of certain ideas of ima- eaftern ocean, separates it from Scythia. It had gined parts of duration and expansion, with the various names according to the different countries infinity of number, in which we can come to no through which it extended. Poftellus thinks it is end of addition ? Locke. 2. To scheme ; to con- the SEPHAR of Scripture. trive.—They intended evil against thee, they ima- * IMBECILE. adj. (imbecillis. Lat. imbecille, Fr.] gined a mischievous device. Pf. xxi. 11. Weak ; feeble; wanting strength of either mind * IMAGINER. n.. (from imagine.] One who or body. forms ideas.—The juggler took upon him to know * TOIMBECILE. v.a. [from the adjective. This that such an one should point in such a place of a word is corruptly written embezzle.] To weaken garter that was held up: and fill he did it, by a stock or fortune by clandeftine expenses or unfirft telling the imaginer, and after bidding the just appropriations. - Princes mustin a special manactor think. Bacon's Natural History, ner be guardians of pupils and widows, not suffer. (1.) IMAGNA, a valley of Italy, in the ci-de. ing their persons to be oppreffed, or their ftates devant Venetian territory of the Bergamesco, con- imbeciled. Taylor's Rule of living boly, taining 19 parishes, and 13,000 citizens, in 1797 ; * IMBECILITY. n. S. [imbecilité. Fr.] Weak. and according to the division then made, situated Dess, feebleness of mind or body.--A weak and in the dep. of the Adda and Oglio. But by the di- imperfect rule argueth imbecility and imperfection, vision on the 13th of May 1801, it appears to be Hooker.-No imbecility of means can prejudice now in the dep. of the Serio, of which Bergamo is the truth of the promise of God herein. Hooker. the capital. -We that are strong muft bear the imbecility of (2.) IMAGNA, a small tiver in the above valley. the impotent, and not please ourselves. Hooker. IMAGO, in entomology, a name given by - That way we are contented to prove, which, Linnæus to the 3d state of insects, when they ap- being the worst in itself, is notwithftanding now, pear in their proper shape and colours, and under. by reason of common imbecility, the fitter and likego no more transformation. lier to be brooked. Hooker. (1.) IMAM, or Iman, n. f. a minister in the Strength would be lord of imbecility, Mahometan church, answering to a parish prieft And the rude fon would Atrick his father dead. among us. The word properly signifies what we Sbak, call a prelate, one who prefides over others; but Imbecility, for sex and age, was such as they the Mussulmen frequently apply it to a person who could not lift up a hand against them. K. Charles. has the care of a mosque, who is always there -When man was fallen, and had abandoned bis first, and reads prayers to the people, which they primitive innocence, a strange imbecility immedirepeat after him. ately seized and laid hold of him. Woodward's (2.) IMAM is also applied, by way of excellence, Natural History. to the 4 chiefs or founders of the 4 principal seats IMBERBIS COROLLA. See BOTANY, Gloffary. among the Mahometans. Thus Ali is the imam * To IMBIBE. v. a. (imbibez Lat. imbiber, Fr.] 1. To drink in; to draw in.-A pot of afhes will Never since created man receive more hot water than cold, forasmuch as Met fuch imbodied force, as nam'd with these, the warm water imbibeth more of the falt. Brown. Could merit more than that small infantry The torrent merciless imbibes Warr'd on by cranes. * Milton, Commissions, perquisites, and bribes. Swift. Under their head imbody'd all in one. Milton. Illumin'd wide, Then Clausus came, who led a num'rous band The dewy skirted clouds imbibe the fun. Thoms. Of troops imbodied, from the Sabine land. 2. To admit into the mind.-Those that have imbib Dryden's Æneid. ed this error, have extended the influence of this 4. To inclose. Improper. In those strata we belief to the whole gospel, which they will not al. fhall meet with the same metal or mineral imbo low to contain any thing but promises. Hammond. died in fone, or lodged in coal, that elsewhere - It is not easy for the mind to put off those con. we found in marle. Woodward. fined notions and prejudices it has imbibed from (2.) * TOIMBODY. V. n. To unite into one mafs; cuftom. Locke.-Conversation with foreigners en- to coalesce.larges our minds, and sets them free from many The soul grows clotted by contagion, prejudices we are ready to imbibe concerning them. Imbodies and imbrutes, 'till she quite lose Watts. 3. To drench; to faturate; to soak. This The divine property of her first being. Miltoa, sense, though unusual, perhaps unexampled, is — The idea of white, which snow yielded yefternecessary in English, unless the word imbibe be day, and another idea of white from another snow adopted, which our writers seem not willing to to-day, put together in your mind, imbody and receive.--Metals, corroded with a little acid, turn run into one. Locke. into rust, which is an earth tasteless and indiffolv. * To IMBOIL. v. n. (from boil.] To exeftuate; able in water; and this earth, imbibed with more to move with violent agitation like hot liquor in a acid, becomes a metallic falt. Newton. caldron. Not now in use. * IMBIBER. n. f. [from imbibe.] That which With whose reproach and odious menace, drinks or fucks.-Salts are strong imbibers of (ul. The knight imboiling in his haughty heart, phureous streams. Arbuthnot. Knit all his force, and 'gan soon unbrace, IMBIBING. n. 1. the action of a dry porous His grasping hold. Fairy Queen. body, that absorbs or takes up a moist or fluid * To IMBOLDEN. v. a. (from bold.] To raise one: thus, sugar imbibes water; a fpunge, the to confidence; to encourage.moisture of the air, &c. 'Tis necessary he should die: * IMBIBITION. n. s. (imbibition, Fr. from Nothing imboldens fin so much as mercy. Shak. imbibe.] The act of fucking or drinking in.-Moft-I think myself in better plight for a lender than powders grow more coherent by mixture of wa. you are, the which hath something imboldened me ter than of oil: the reason is the congruity of bo- to this unseasoned intrusion. Shak.-1 was the dies, which maketh a perfecter imbibition and in more imboldened, because I found I had a foul con. corporation. Bacon. -Heat and cold have a virtual genial to his. Dryden. tranfition, without communication of fubftance,. Nor flight was left, nor hopes to force his way; but in moisture not; and to all madefaction there Imbolden'd by despair, he ftood at bay. Drgd. is required an imbibition. Bacon. A drop of oil, — Their virtues and superior genius imboldened let fall upon a sheet of white paper, that part of them, in great exigencies of state, to attempt the it, which by the imbibition of the liquor, acquires service of their prince and country out of the coma greater continuity and fome transparency, will mon forms. Swift. appear much darker than the reft; many of the * To IMBOSOM. v. a. (from bofom.] 1. To lacident beams of ligbt being now transmitted, hold on the bofom; to cover fondly with the folds that otherwise would be reflected. Boyle. of one's garment; to hide under any cover.* TO IMBITTER. v. a. (from bitter.] 1. To The Father infinite, make bitter. 2. To deprive of pleasure; to make By whom in bliss imbofom'd sat the Son. Milt. unhappy.-Let them extinguish their paffions Villages imbofom'd foft in trees, which imbitter their lives, and deprive them of And fpiry towns by surging columns mark's. their thare in the happiness of the community. Thomson! Addison's Freebolder. - Is there any thing that 2. To admit to the beart, or to affe&ion.more imbitters the enjoyments of this life than But glad desire his late imbofom'd guest, Dame? Soutb. 3. To exafperate. Yet but a babe, with milk of light he nurft. (1.) * TO IMBODY. v. a. (from body.) r: To Sidney. condense to a body. 2. To invest with matter ; Who glad t' imbofom his affection vile, to make corporeal. Did all the might, more plainly to appear. An opening cloud reveals Fairy Queen. An heavenly form imbody'd, and array'd TO IMBOUND. v. a. (from bound.] To in. With robes of light. Dryden. clofe: to fhut in.Though affiduity in the moft fixed cogitation That fweet breath, be no trouble to immaterialized fpirits, yet it is Which was imbounded in this beauteous clay. more than our imbodied fouls can bear without Sbak. laffitude. Glanville, 3. To bring together into TO IMBOW.v.a. law. a. (from-bow.] To arch; to ope mafs or company; to incorporate. vault. I by row am so imbodied yours, Prince Arthur gave a box of diamonds sure, That the which marries you mnft marry me. Imboqved with gold and gorgeous ornament. Sbak, Fairy Queen. Imbowed 1 IM B ( 17 ) -Imbowed windows be pretty retiring places for conference: they keep both the wind and fun off. Baton •Let my due feet never fail To walk the ftudious cloister's pale, Milton. TIMBOWER. v. a. [from boquer.] To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees.And fooping thence to Ham's imbowering walks, In Spotless peace retired. Thomson. *IMBOWMENT. n. f. [from imbow.] Arch; ault.-The roof all open, not fo much as any imdocument near any of the walls left. Bacon. *To IMBRANGLE. v. a. To entangle. A low word. With fubtle cobweb cheats They're catch'd in knotted law like nets; *IMERICATION. n. f. [imbrex, Lat.] Concave indenture.-All is guarded with a well made tegument, adorned with neat imbrications, and many other fineries. Derham. IMBRICATUS. See BOTANY, Glossary. IMBROS, in ancient geography, an ifland of The Egean Sea, near Thrace, 32 miles from Samothrace. It was for fome time governed by its own laws; but was afterwards fubjected fuccef. vely to Perfia, Athens, Macedonia, Pergamus, and Rome. It had a town and river of the fame tame. It is now called Embro. 'To IMBROWN. v. a. [from brown.] To make brown; to darken; to obfcure; to cloud. Where the morning fun firft warmly fmote The open field, and where the unpierc'd fhade Milton. Imbrocon'd the noontide bow'rs. The foot grows black that was with dirt imbrown'd, And in thy pocket gingling halfpence found. Gay. fands. Pope. T. IMBRUE. v. a. (from in and brue.] 1. To freep; to foak; to wet much or long. This feems indifferently written with im or em. I have fatained both modes of writing. Thou mad'it many hearts to bleed At me, as at a mark his bow he drew, Lucius pities the offenders, I ME That would embrue their hands in Cato's blood. Lo! thefe hands in murder are imbru'd, Some bathed kiffes, and did oft embrue I, who erft contended The foul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies and imbrutes, till the quite lofe The divine property of her first being. Milton. *To IMBUE. v. a. [imbuo, Lat.] This word, which feems wanted in our language has been propofed by several writers, but not yet adopted by the reft. Imbu, French, the participial adj. is only ufed.] To tincture deep; to imbibe or soak with any liquor or dye.-I would render this trea tife intelligible to every rational man, however little versed in scholastick learning, among whom I expect it will have a fairer paffage, than among thofe that are deeply imbued with other principles. Dig by.-Clothes which have once been thoroughly imbued with black, cannot well afterwards be dyed into lighter colour. Boyle.-Where the mineral matter is great, fo as to take the eye, the body appears imbued and tinctured with the colour. Woodward. T. IMBURSE. v. a. [bourfe, French.] To ftock with money. This fhould be emburfe, from. emburfer, French. IMENSTADT, a town of Suabia, 20 miles E. of Lindau. Lon. 10. 20. E. Lat. 47. 35. N. IMERETIA, or IMMERETTA, a principality IMERITIA, of Georgia, confifting of 4 provinces, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian; bounded on the S. by the Turkish dominions, W. by Mingrelia, N. by Offetia, and E. by the reft of Georgia. See GEORGIA, $ 2. It is, or was lately, governed by a prince named David. His father, the late czar Solomon, having forbidden the fcandalous traffic of the noblemen in their peafants, offended the Turks fo much, that he was driven from his throne, and compelled to live like a wild man, for 16 years, in the woods and ca verns of the mountains, till the Ruffians reinstated him in his dominions. The capital, where the prince refides, is called Curtays. The remains of church announce that it was formerly a large city; but at prefent it is hardly a village. Solomon, the father of David, ordered the citadel to be de deftroyed a C |