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revolted from the whig interest. But whatever this natural patch may seem to intimate, it is well known that her notions of government are still the same. This unlucky mole, however, has misled several coxcombs; and like the hanging out of false colours, made some of them converse with Rosalinda in what they thought the spirit of her party, when on a sudden she has given them an unexpectd fire, that has sunk them all at once. If Rosalinda is unfortunate in her mole, Nigranilla is as unhappy in a pimple, which forces her, against her inclinations, to patch on the whig side. I am told that many virtuous matrons, who formerly have been taught to believe that this artificial spotting of the face was unlawful, are now reconciled by a zeal for their cause, to what they could not be prompted by a concern for their beauty. This way of declaring war upon one another, puts me in mind of what is reported of the tigress, that several spots rise in her skin when she is angry, or as Mr. Cowley has imitated the verses that stand as the motto of this paper:

visions, that if they continue, it will be a misfortune to be born in it. The Greeks thought it so improper for women to interest themselves in competitions and contentions, that for this reason, among others, they forbad them under pain of death, to be present at the Olympic games, notwithstanding these were the public diversions of all Greece.

As our English women exceed those of all nations in beauty, they should endeavour to outshine them in all other accomplishments proper to the sex, and to distinguish themselves as tender mothers, and faithful wives, rather than as furious partisans. Female virtues are of a domestic turn. The family is the proper province for private women to shine in. If they must be showing their zeal for the public, let it not be against those who are perhaps of the same family, or at least of the same religion or nation, but against those who are the open, professed, undoubted enemies of their faith, liberty, and country. When the Romans were pressed with a foreign enemy, the ladies voluntarily contributed all their rings and jewels to assist the government under a public exiWhen I was in the theatre the time gence, which appeared so laudable an acabove-mentioned, I had the curiosity to tion in the eyes of their countrymen, that count the patches on both sides, and found from thenceforth it was permitted by a law the tory patches to be about twenty strong- to pronounce public orations at the funeral er than the whig; but to make amends for of a woman, în praise of the deceased perthis small inequality, I the next morning son, which till that time was peculiar to found the whole puppet-show filled with men. Would our English ladies, instead faces spotted after the whiggish manner. of sticking on a patch against those of their Whether or no the ladies had retreated own country, show themselves so truly pubhither in order to rally their forces I cannot lic-spirited as to sacrifice every one her necktell; but the next night they came in solace against the common enemy, what degreat a body to the opera, that they out-crees ought not to be made in favour of them. numbered the enemy.

She swells with angry pride,

And calls forth all her spots on every side.*

This account of party-patches will, I am afraid, appear improbable to those who live at a distance from the fashionable world; but as it is a distinction of a very singular nature, and what perhaps may never meet with a parallel, I think I should not have discharged the office of a faithful Spectator, had not I recorded it.

I have, in former papers, endeavoured to expose this party-rage in women, as it only serves to aggravate the hatreds and animosities that reign among men, and in a great measure deprives the fair sex of those peculiar charms with which nature has endowed them.

Since I am recollecting upon this subject such passages as occur to my memory out of ancient authors, I cannot omit a sentence in the celebrated funeral oration of Pericles, which he made in honour of those brave Athenians that were slain in a fight with the Lacedemonians. After having addressed himself to the several ranks and orders of his countrymen, and shown them how they should behave themselves in the public cause, he turns to the female part of his audience: ‘And as for you,' says he, I shall advise you in very few words. Aspire only to those virtues that are peculiar to your sex; follow your natural modesty, and think it your greatest commendation not to be talked of one way or other.'

When the Romans and Sabines were at war, and just upon the point of giving battle, the women, who were allied to both of them, interposed with so many tears and entreaties, that they prevented the No. 82.] Monday, June 4, 1711. mutual slaughter which threatened both parties, and united them together in a firm and lasting peace.

I would recommend this noble example to our British ladies, at a time when their country is torn with so many unnatural di

• Davideis, Book III. v. 47.

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-Caput domina venale sub basta.
Juv. Sat. iii. 3
His fortunes ruin'd, and himself a slave.
PASSING under Ludgate‡ the other day,
I heard a voice bawling for charity, which

†Thucyd. Hist. L. II. p. 130. edit. H. Steph. 1588. folia.
↑ Ludgate, in the year 1373, was constituted a prison

I thought I had somewhere heard before. Coming near to the gate, the prisoner called me by my name, and desired I would throw something into the box: I was out of countenance for him, and did as he bid me, by putting in half a crown. I went away, reflecting upon the strange constitution of some men, and how meanly they behave themselves in all sorts of conditions. The person who begged of me is now, as I take it, fifty: I was well acquainted with him till about the age of twenty-five; at which time, a good estate fell to him by the death of a relation. Upon coming to this unexpected good fortune, he ran into all the extravagances imaginable; was frequently in drunken fits, broke drawers' heads, talked and swore loud, was unmannerly to those above him, and insolent to those below him. I could not but remark, that it was the same baseness of spirit which worked in his behaviour in both fortunes: the same little mind was insolent in riches, and shameless in poverty. This accident made me muse upon the circumstance of being in debt in general, and solve in my mind what tempers were most apt to fall into this error of life, as well as the misfortune it must needs be to languish under such pressures. As for myself, my natural aversion to that sort of conversation which makes a figure with the generality of mankind, exempts me from any temptations to expense; and all my business lies within a very narrow compass, which is only to give an honest man who takes care of my estate, proper vouchers for his quarterly payments to me, and observe what linen my laundress brings and takes away with her once a week. My steward brings his receipt ready for my signing; and I have a pretty implement with the respective names of shirts, cravats, handkerchiefs and stockings, with proper numbers, to know how to reckon with my laundress. This being almost all the business I have in the world for the care of my own affairs, I am at full leisure to observe upon what others do, with relation to their equipage and economy.

When I walk the street, and observe the hurry about me in this town,

'Where, with like haste, thro' several ways they run; Some to undo, and some to be undone;'*

I say, when I behold this vast variety of persons and humours, with the pains they both take for the accomplishment of the ends mentioned in the above verses of Denham, I cannot much wonder at the endeavour after gain, but am extremely astonished that men can be so insensible of the danger of running into debt. One would think it impossible that a man who is given to contract debts should not know, that his creditor has, from that moment in which

for such debtors as were freemen of the city of London:

it was taken down in the year 1762. *Cooper's Hill, v. 31.

he transgresses payment, so much as that demand comes to, in his debtor's honour, liberty, and fortune. One would think he did not know that his creditor can say the worst thing imaginable of him, to wit, That he is unjust,' without defamation; and can seize his person without being guilty of an assault. Yet such is the loose and abandoned turn of some men's minds, that they can live under these constant apprehensions, and still go on to increase the cause of them. Can there be a more low and servile condition, than to be ashamed or afraid to see any one man breathing? Yet he that is much in debt, is in that condition with relation to twenty different people. There are indeed circumstances wherein men of honest natures may become liable to debts, by some unadvised behaviour in any great point of their life, or mortgaging a man's honesty as a security for that of another, and the like: but these instances are so particular and circumstantiated, that they cannot come within general considerations. For one such case as one of these, there are ten, where a man, to keep up a farce of retinue and grandeur within his own house, shall shrink at the expectation of surly demands at his doors. The debtor is the creditor's criminal, and all the officers of power and state, whom we behold make so great a figure, are no other than so many persons in authority to make good his charge against him. Human society depends upon his having the vengeance law allots him; and the debtor owes his liberty to his neighbour, as much as the murderer does his life to his prince.

Our gentry are, generally speaking, in debt: and many families have put it into a kind of method of being so from generation to generation. The father mortgages when his son is very young: and the boy is to marry, as soon as he is at age, to redeem it and find portions for his sisters. This, forsooth, is no great inconvenience to him; for he may wench, keep a public table, or feed dogs, like a worthy English gentleman, till he has out-run half his estate, and leave the same incumbrance upon his first-born, and so on, till one man of more vigour than ordinary, goes quite through the estate, or some man of sense comes into it, and scorns to have an estate in partnership, that is to say, liable to the demand or insult of any man living. There is my friend Sir Andrew, though for many years a great and general trader, was never the defendant in a law-suit, in all the perplexity of business, and the iniquity of mankind at present; no one had any colour for the least complaint against his dealings with him. This is certainly as uncommon, and in its proportion as laudable in a citizen, as it is in a general never to have suffered a disadvantage in fight. How different from this gentleman is Jack Truepenny, who has been an old acquaintance of Sir Andrew and myself from boys, but could never learn our cau

as the first sketch and outlines of a vision, than as a finished piece.

I dreamt that I was admitted into a long spacious gallery, which had one side covered with pieces of all the famous painters who are now living, and the other with the works of the greatest masters that are dead.

tion. Jack has a whorish unresisting goodnature, which makes him incapable of having a property in any thing. His fortune, his reputation, his time, and his capacity, are at any man's service that comes first. When he was at school, he was whipped thrice a week for faults he took upon him to excuse others; since he came into the business of the world, he has been On the side of the living, I saw several arrested twice or thrice a year for debts persons busy in drawing, colouring, and dehe had nothing to do with, but as surety signing. On the side of the dead painters, for others; and I remember when a friend I could not discover more than one per of his had suffered in the vice of the town, son at work, who was exceedingly slow in all the physic his friend took was conveyed his motions, and wonderfully nice in his to him by Jack, and inscribed 'A bolus, or touches. an electuary for Mr. Truepenny.' Jack I was resolved to examine the several had a good estate left him which came to artists that stood before me, and accordnothing; because he believed all who pre-ingly applied myself to the side of the liv tended to demands upon it. This easiness ing. The first I observed at work in this and credulity destroy all the other merit, part of the gallery was Vanity, with his hair he has; and he has all his life been a sacrifice tied behind him in a riband, and dressed to others, without ever receiving thanks, or doing one good action.

I will end this discourse with a speech which I heard Jack make to one of his creditors (of whom he deserved gentler usage) after lying a whole night in custody at his suit.

"Sir, your ingratitude for the many kindnesses I have done you, shall not make me unthankful for the good you have done me, in letting me see there is such a man as you in the world. I am obliged to you for the diffidence I shall have all the rest of my life: I shall hereafter trust no man so far as to be in his debt.'

Na 83.] Tuesday, June 5, 1711.

-Animum pictura pascit inani.

R.

like a Frenchman. All the faces he drew were very remarkable for their smiles, and a certain smirking air which he bestowed indifferently on every age and degree of either sex. The toujours gai appeared even in his judges, bishops, and privy-counisellors. In a word, all his men were petits ' maitres, and all his women coquettes. The drapery of his figures was extremely well suited to his faces, and was made up of all the glaring colours that could be mixt together; every part of the dress was in a flutter, and endeavoured to distinguish itself above the rest.

On the left hand of Vanity stood a laborious workman, who I found was his humble admirer, and copied after him. He was dressed like a German, and had a very hard name, that sounded something like Stupidity.

Virg. En. i. 468. The third artist that I looked over was And with the shadowy picture feeds his mind. Fantasque dressed like a Venitian scaraWHEN the weather hinders me from mouch. He had an excellent hand at chitaking my diversions without doors, I fre- mera, and dealt very much in distortions quently make a little party with two or and grimaces. He would sometimes afthree select friends, to visit any thing cu-fright himself with the phantoms that flow rious that may be seen under covert. My ed from his pencil. In short, the most principal entertainments of this nature are elaborate of his pieces was at best but a pictures, insomuch, that when I have found terrifying dream; and one could say nothing the weather set in to be very bad, I have more of his finest figures, than that they taken a whole day's journey to see a gallery, were agreeable monsters. that is furnished by the hands of great mas- The fourth person I examined was very ters By this means, when the heavens are remarkable for his hasty hand, which left filled with clouds, when the earth swims in his pictures so unfinished, that the beauty rain, and all nature wears a lowering coun- in the picture (which was designed to contenance, I withdraw myself from these un- tinue as a monument of it to posterity) faded comfortable scenes into the visionary worlds sooner than in the person after whom it was of art; where I meet with shining land- drawn. He made so much haste to desscapes, gilded triumphs, beautiful faces, patch his business, that he neither gave and all those other objects that fill the himself time to clean his pencils, nor mix mind with gay ideas, and disperse that his colours. The name of this expeditious gloominess which is apt to hang upon it in workman was Avarice. those dark disconsolate seasons.

Not far from this artist I saw another of I was some weeks ago in a course of these a quite different nature, who was dressed in diversions; which had taken such an entire the habit of a Dutchman, and known by possession of my imagination, that they the name of Industry. His figures were formed in it a short morning's dream, which wonderfully laboured. If he drew the porI shall communicate to my reader, rather traiture of a man, he did not omit a single

Whether it were because the thread of my dream was at an end I cannot tell, but upon my taking a survey of this imaginary old man, my sleep left me. C.

hair in his face; if the figure of a ship, there | hair upon his forehead, discovered him to was not a rope among the tackle that es- be Time. caped him. He had likewise hung a great | part of the wall with night-pieces, that seemed to show themselves by the candles which were lighted up in several parts of them; and were so inflamed by the sunshine which accidentally fell upon them,

that at first sight I could scarce forbear No. 84.] Wednesday, June 6, 1711. crying out Fire.'

The five foregoing artists were the most considerable on this side the gallery; there were indeed several others whom I had not time to look into. One of them, however, I could not forbear observing, who was very busy in retouching the finest pieces, though he produced no originals of his own. His pencil aggravated every feature that was before overcharged, loaded every defect, and poisoned every colour it touched. Though this workman did so much mischief on the side of the living, he never turned his eye towards that of the dead. His name was Envy.

-Quis talia fando
Myrmidonum, Dolopumve, aut duri miles Ulyssei,
Temperet a lachrymis?
Virg. Æn. ii. v. 6.

Who can such woes relate without a tear, As stern Ulysses must have wept to hear? LOOKING Over the old manuscript wherein the private actions of Pharamond are set down by way of table-book, I found many things which gave me great delight, and as human life turns upon the same principles and passions in all ages, I thought it very proper to take minutes of what passed in that age for the instruction of this. The antiquary who lent me these papers, gave Having taken a cursory view of one side me a character of Eucrate the favourite of of the gallery, I turned myself to that which Pharamond, extracted from an author who was filled by the works of those great mas-lived in that court. The account he gives ters that were dead; when immediately I both of the prince and this his faithful fancied myself standing before a multitude friend, will not be improper to insert here, of spectators, and thousands of eyes looking because I may have occasion to mention upon me at once: for all before me appeared many of their conversations, into which so like men and women, that I almost for- these memorials of them may give light. got they were pictures. Raphael's figures stood in one row, Titian's in another, Guido Rheni's in a third. One part of the wall was peopled by Hannibal Carrache, another by Corregio, and another by Rubens. To be short, there was not a great master among the dead who had not contributed to the embellishment of this side of the gallery. The persons that owed their being to these several masters, appeared all of them to be real and alive, and differed among one another only in the variety of their shapes, complexions, and clothes; so that they looked like different nations of the same species.

Observing an old man (who was the same person I before mentioned, as the only artist that was at work on this side of the gallery) creeping up and down from one picture to another, and retouching all the fine pieces that stood before me, I could not but be very attentive to all his motions. I found his pencil was so very light, that it worked imperceptibly, and after a thousand touches, scarce produced any visible effect in the picture on which he was employed. However, as he busied himself incessantly, and repeated touch after touch without rest or intermission, he wore off insensibly every little disagreeable gloss that hung upon a figure. He also added such a beautiful brown to the shades, and mellowness to the colours, that he made every picture appear more perfect than when it came fresh from the master's pencil. I could not forbear looking upon the face of this ancient workman, and immediately, by the long lock of

'Pharamond, when he had a mind to retire for an hour or two from the hurry of business and fatigue of ceremony, made a signal to Eucrate, by putting his hand to his face, placing his arm negligently on a window, or some such action as appeared indifferent to all the rest of the company. Upon such notice, unobserved by others (for their entire intimacy was always a secret) Eucrate repaired to his own apartment to receive the king. There was a secret access to this part of the court, at which Eucrate used to admit many whose mean appearance in the eyes of the ordinary waiters and door-keepers, made them be repulsed from other parts of the palace. Such as these were let in here by order of Eucrate, and had audiences of Pharamond. This entrance Pharamond called "The gate of the unhappy," and the tears of the afflicted who came before him, he would say, were bribes received by Eucrate; for Eucrate had the most compassionate spirit of all men living, except his generous master, who was always kindled at the least affliction which was communicated to him. In regard for the miserable, Eucrate took particular care that the common forms of distress, and the idle pretenders to sorrow, about courts, who wanted only supplies to luxury, should never obtain favour by his means: but the distresses which arise from the many inexplicable occurrences that happen among men, the unaccountable alienation of parents from their children, cruelty of husbands to wives, poverty occasioned from shipwreck or fire, the falling

out of friends, or such other terrible disas- | hearing the voice of it; I am sure Pharaters, to which the life of man is exposed; mond is not. Know, then, that I have this in cases of this nature, Eucrate was the morning unfortunately killed in a duel, the patron; and enjoyed this part of the royal man whom of all men living I most loved. favour so much without being envied, that I command myself too much in your royal it was never inquired into, by whose means presence, to say, Pharamond gave me my what no one else cared for doing, was brought friend! Pharamond has taken him from me! I will not say, Shall the merciful Pharamond destroy his own subjects? Will the father of his country murder his people? But the merciful Pharamond does destroy his subjects, the father of his country does

about.

A

pursuit of mankind, that all glory and ho-
nour is in the power of a prince, because he
has the distribution of their fortunes. It is
therefore the inadvertency, negligence, or
guilt of princes to let any thing grow into
custom which is against their laws.
court can make fashion and duty walk to-
gether; it can never without the guilt of a
court, happen, that it shall not be unfashion-
able to do what is unlawful. But, alas! in
the dominions of Pharamond, by the force
of a tyrant custom, which is misnamed a
point of honour, the duellist kills his friend
whom he loves; and the judge condemns
the duellist while he approves his behavi-
our. Shame is the greatest of all evils;
what avail laws, when death only attends
the breach of them, and shame obedience
to them? As for me, oh Pharamond, were
it possible to describe the nameless kinds
of compunctions and tenderness I feel, when
I reflect upon the little accidents in our for-
mer familiarity, my mind swells into sorrow
which cannot be resisted enough to be silent
in the presence of Pharamond. (With that
he fell into a flood of tears, and wept aloud.)
Why should not Pharamond hear the an-
guish he only can relieve others from in
time to come? Let him hear from me,
what they feel who have given death by
the false mercy of his administration, and
form to himself the vengeance called for
by those who have perished by his negli-
gence."

'One evening when Pharamond came into the apartment of Eucrate, he found him extremely dejected; upon which he asked, (with a smile that was natural to him,) "What, is there any one too misera-murder his people. Fortune is so much the ble to be relieved by Pharamond, that Eucrate is melancholy?" "I fear there is," answered the favourite: "A person without, of a good air, well dressed, and though a man in the strength of his life, seems to faint under some inconsolable calamity. All his features seem suffused with agony of mind; but I can observe in him, that it is more inclined to break away in tears, than rage. I asked him what he would have. He said he would speak to Pharamond. I desired his business. He could hardly say to me, 'Eucrate, carry me to the king, my story is not to be told twice; I fear I shall not be able to speak it at all.' Pharamond commanded Eucrate to let him enter; he did so, and the gentleman approached the king with an air which spoke him under the greatest concern in what manner to demean himself. The king, who had a quick discerning, relieved him from the oppression he was under: and with the most beautiful complacency, said to him, "Sir, do not add to that load of sorrow I see in your countenance the awe of my presence. Think you are speaking to your friend. If the circumstances of your distress will admit of it, you shall find me so." To whom the stranger: “Oh,excellent Pharamond,name not a friend to the unfortunate Spinamont. I had one, but he is dead by my own hand; but, oh Pharamond, though it was by the hand of Spinamont, it was by the guilt of Pharamond. I come not, oh excellent prince, to implore your pardon; I come to relate my sorrow, a sorrow too great for human life to support; from henceforth No. 85.] Thursday, June 7, 1711. shall all occurrences appear dreams, or short intervals of amusement, for this one affliction which has seized my very being. Pardon me, oh Pharamond, if my griefs give me leave, that I lay before you in the anguish of a wounded mind, that you, good as you are, are guilty of the generous blood spilt this day by this unhappy hand. Oh that it had perished before that instant!" Here the stranger paused, and recollecting his mind, after some little meditation, he went on in a calmer tone and gesture as follows:

"There is an authority due to distress, and as none of human race is above the reach of sorrow, none should be above the

Mr. Thornhill, the gentleman bere alluded to, under the translated name of Spinamont, killed sir C. Deering of Kent, Bart. in a duel, May 9, 1711.

Interdum speciosa locis, morataque recte
Fabula, nullius veneris, sine pondere et arte.
Valdius oblectat populum, meliusque moratur,
Quam versus inopes rerum, nugæque canoræ

R.

Hers. Ars Port. ver. 319.

-When the sentiments and manners please.
And all the characters are wrought with ease.
Your Tale, though void of beauty, force, and art,
More strongly shall delight, and warm the heart;
Than where a lifeless pomp of verse appears,
And with sonorous trifles charms our ears

Francis.

Ir is the custom of the Mahometans, if they see any printed or written paper upon the ground, to take it up and lay it aside carefully, as not knowing but it may contain some piece of their Alcoran. I must in me, that I cannot forbear looking into confess I have so much of the Mussulman every printed paper which comes in my

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