6. Three things it is impossible God should not perform: what is most beneficial, what is most wanted, and what is most beautiful of all things.

7. The three grand attributes of God: infinite plenitude of Life, of Knowlege, and of Power.

8: The three necessary essentials of God: Infiniteness in himself,-Finiteness to finite comprehensions, and Co-unity with every mode of existence in the Circle of Beatitude.

9. Three things, that none but God can do: to endure the eternities of the Circle of Infinity, to participate of every state of existence without changing,-and to reform and renovate every thing without causing the loss of it.

10. The three regulations of God towards giving existence to every thing to annihilate the power of evil,-to assist all that is good, and to make discrimination manifest, that it might be known what should and what should not be.

11. Three things, that will infallibly be done: all that is possible for the Power, for the Wisdom, and for the Love of God to perform.

12. The three stabilities of existence: what cannot be otherwise, what needs not be otherwise, and what cannot be conceived better; and in these will all things end.

13. The three Circles of Existence: the Circle of Infinity", where there is nothing but God, of living or dead, and none but God can traverse it; the Circle of Inchoation, where all things are by nature derived from death,—and which hath been traversed by man; and the Circle of Beatitude, where all things spring from life, and which man shall traverse in Heaven†.

14. Three causes, that have produced rational beings: Divine Love, possessed of perfect knowlege; Divine Wisdom, knowing all possible means; and Divine Power, possessed by the joint will of Divine Love and Divine Wisdom.

15. The three states of existence of rational beings: that of

The original word, here translated "infinity," is Ceugant, upon which Mr. Williams has the following note." Ceugant, in its etymological sense, signifies the Circle of Vacuity, in its metaphysical acceptation, here, it sig. nifies the immense void beyond the bounds of the material creation, into which none but the Deity can penetrate.”

+ The words, rendered, in this Triad, "inchoation" and "beatitude," are Abred and Gwynfyd. Upon the former Mr. Williams thus observes,→ "Abred, from the root prêd, whence Yspred, divestigations, or things rejected, and Hybred, wanting or subject to be divestigated."

Inchoation in the Great Deep [Annwn], that of Liberty in the state of Humanity, and that of Love, which is Beatitude in Hea

ven.

16. The three necessities, to which all rational beings are subject: a beginning in the Great Deep,-progression in the Circle of Inchoation, and plenitude in Heaven, or the Circle of Beati tude; without these things nothing can possibly exist but God.

17. Three things, that distinguish a rational being from all others: Genius, Memory, and Perception; each of them accord ing to its peculiarity and in its plenitude, and of nothing can two plenitudes exist.

18. Three things, with which God has endowed every rational being with the Plenitude of his own nature, with an Individu ality differing from all others, and with an original and peculiar Genius; and hence in every being a plenitude of that self, differing from all others.

19. The three necessary incidents of Man: to suffer, to change, and to elect; and, man having the power to elect, it is impossi ble before the event to foresee what his sufferings or changes will be.

20. The three equiportions of Man: Misery and Happiness, Necessity and Liberty, Evil and Good; all equiponderate, man having the power of attaching himself to either the one or the other.

21. The three privileges of the state of Man: Equiponderance of evil and good, whence discrimination; Liberty of Choice, whence judgment and perception; and the Origin of Power, proceeding from judgment and preference:-these being indispensably prior to all other exertions.

22. Three things, in which Man unavoidably differs from God: Man is finite, God is infinite; Man had a beginning, which God could not have; Man, not being able to endure eternity, must have in the Circle of Beatitude a fluctuating change of his mode of existence, but God is under no such necessity, being able to endure all things and that together with felicity.

23. Three primary qualities in the Circle of Beatitude: cessation of Eyil, cessation of Want, and cessation of Perishing.

24. The three restorations of the Circle of Beatitude: restoration of original Genius; restoration of all that was originally cherished; and the restoration of original memory;-for without these perfect beatitude cannot exist.

THE LAWS, OF, HYWEL DDA.

[Continued from page 304.]

LAWS OF THE COURT.
Falconer.

THE Falconer has a privilege on the day that the hawk shall kill a bittern, a heron, or a curlew. Three services shall the King perform for the Falconer on that day: hold his stirrup while he dismounts, and hold the horse while he goes in pursuit of the birds, and hold his stirrup when he re-mounts. And the King shall bestow three presents on him that night at table. He shall sit at the feast on one side of the Chancellor†. The Falconer shall have from the Chief Huntsman, in autumn, the skin of a stag to make gloves for himself, and leashes for his hawks.

His horse shall have two rations from the provender.

He shall only drink three cups in the hall, lest, through drunkenness, his hawks should be neglected:-vessels, therefore, shall hold his liquor in the palace.

If the Falconer should kill his horse in hunting, or he should die by chance, he shall have another from the King.

He claims every unfledged young bird: a sparrow hawk's nest, found on the palace domain, belongs to him.

He shall receive a dish of meat as an allowance, and three hornfuls of liquor in his lodging.

From the time that the Falconer shall put the hawks in their

* The original expression here is "teir gweith yd anrecca y brenhin," which the Cambrian Register translates "three times shall the King compliment him." The verb anrhegu, however, means to present or to give presents, and the noun anrheg occurs frequently, in the Welsh Laws, in the same sense, and, more particularly, in allusion to a present of meat, in which meaning the verb must be taken in this passage.—ED.

+ The Chancellor, in Welsh Canghellawr, was not one of the twenty-four officers: Wotton describes him as a judge, who decided disputes between the King's vassals residing at a distance from the palace, and also matters counected with the royal revenue. The word is thought to be derived from the Latin Cancellarius; though it should be mentioned, that Mr. Owen, in his Dictionary, appears to consider canghell, a chancel, as an original Welsh word, compounded of the roots can and cell-ED.

The word "palace" seems here to apply to some outer part of the royal residence, exclusive of the “hall” and other state apartments.➡ED,

mews to the time he shall take them out he shall not give an answer to any one, that prefers a claim against him.

He shall receive entertainment once a-year from the vassals*. . From every vassal township he shall receive four-pence or a dry sheep as food for his hawks.

He shall hold his land freely.

The King shall send three presents to the Falconer by his messenger, except on the day on which he kills any noble bird or on the three principal festivals; at those times the Falconer shall receive the presents himself from the King's hands. The day on which the Falconer kills any noble bird, (if the King should not be with him,) when the Falconer returns to the palace with the bird, the King is obliged to rise to receive him, and, if he does not rise, then he shall give the garment he may have on to the Falconer.

He owns the heart of every animal, which shall be slaughtered in the palace.

Though the Falconer is liable to a legal distraint, neither a bailiff, nor a chancellor, shall distrain upon him, but the Serjeant of the King and the household.

A pound is the value of a hawk's nest. Six score pence is the value of a hawk before mewing; should she be white after mewing she is worth a pound. Twenty-four pence is the value of an unfledged young one. One hundred and twenty pence is the value of a falcon's nest: three score pence is her value before mewing, and whilst in the mew. The nest of a sparrow hawk is of the value of twenty-four pence. The value of a sparrow hawk, before mewing and whilst in the mew, is twelve pence; after mewing, should she be white, she is worth twenty-four pence †.

Chief Groom.

The Chief Groom shall have from the Steward of the Household the skin of an ox in the winter, and the skin of a cow in the summer, to make halters for the King's horses, and that before a

The word, here translated "vassals," is taiogau, which the Cambrian Register renders ❝ villains ;" and, as the taiog was a tenant in villenage, either word is sufficiently proper, though that above adopted may be most generally understood. This, among other passages, indicates the prevalence of the feudal system at one time in Wales.-ED.

+ Addition from the W. S. M.-The Falconer is entitled to a palm's length of wax candle from the Steward of the Household to feed his birds by, and to make his bed.

division of the hides is made between the Steward of the House. hold and the officers.

The Chief Groom owns the legs of every beast, that shall be slaughtered in the kitchen, and shall have salt out of the kitchen. He shall have the King's old saddles and bridles.

He shall have two shares of the grooms' money.

The Chief Groom and the grooms shall have the wild colts, which the King receives as the third of a spoil.

It belongs to the Chief Groom to bring out all the horses, which the King shall give: he thereupon shall take four-pence for every horse except for these three horses, the horse of the Domestic Chaplain, the horse of the Judge of the Palace, and the horse of the Jester *.

The Chief Groom shall receive from the Steward of the Household as much mead as will fill the vessels used in serving in the palace and as much as will fill the vessels, out of which the King drinks; and the second filling from the Master of the Household, and the third from the Queen.

He shall have his land freely.

He shall have a horse in attendance from the King: the horse shall have two rations of the provender.

The place of the Chief Groom and the grooms with him is below the pillar next to the King.

To him belongs the arrangement of the stablings of the horses and their provender.

The third of the fine and commutation of the grooms shall go to the Chief Groom.

A halter shall be furnished by him with every horse, that the King shall give.

The Chief Groom owns the King's cap if there be furs on it, and the spurs, if they should be of gold, of silver, or of copper.

* The reason why he has it not from the Bishop [Domestic Chaplain], is because he is the King's confessor, and rises before him, and sits behind him, and holds his sleeves, whilst he washes himself. He cannot claim from the Falconer; for the King is obliged to serve him on three occasions. He shall make no claim upon the Jester; for the halter of his horse is to be tied round his hinder part, instead of his head, in going out of the court.-W.S.M. [The foregoing note is copied from the Cambrian Register, and by which it will be seen, that the W. S. M. substitutes the Falconer for the Judge of the Palace, mentioned in the text as one of the three, by whom exemptions were claimed. A jester appears from this passage to have been a sort of appendage to a Welsh court, as he was, formerly, to most others. Instances may be specified too, of no very ancient date, in which private families in Wales mainained their jester or fool.-ED.]