The most popular and entertaining of his works is his "Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters," in which, by reasoning the most convincing, he identifies the modern Bounar Bachi as the site of ancient Troy.

Literature elevates and humanizes the mind, and is the soul of a people. Nations always take rank in the great commonwealth of civilization in proportion to the literary eminence and attainments of their public men. Lord Carlisle had a pure taste and a keen appreciation for the beauties of Literature; his patronage was ever extended to the encouragement of rising genius and literary merit.

His own works, generally the production of his leisure hours, leave us to regret that his duties did not permit him more steadily to apply his vigorous mental powers to literary pursuits. However we may regret this, we must admire the merits and excellence of the beautiful productions which he has left us. Throughout his works we may observe a pure atmosphere of religious principle-a style solemn in tone, and irradiated with the warmth of devotional feeling,

The acquirements of his well-stored mind, his copious information, and the retentive powers of his memory, were wonderful. Perhaps his speeches are the most convincing test of the universality of his knowledge, and the versatility of his genius.

Their beauty consists in the ease and fluency of his language, the harmonious diction, the natural order and disposition of the several topics, the charm of continual novelty and unexpected surprises, having nothing trite or commonplace, always pertinent, rational, and convincing. To these various qualities we may add the essential requisite of a graceful delivery, and a countenance beaming with benevolence, and we have a fair portraiture of the attractive powers of Lord Carlisle as an orator.

It was, perhaps, the consciousness of possessing these powers. of oratory that determined Lord Carlisle to embark on the stormy sea of politics, and consequently to relinquish the more inviting

and congenial literary career in which he had already attained so much distinction. However that may be, the die was cast. Lord Carlisle (then Lord Morpeth) was returned to the House of Commons as member for the borough of Morpeth. During the course of his Parliamentary career, Lord Carlisle realized the idea of a diligent and faithful representative. We find him taking his share in the stormy debates on the principal questions which then agitated the public mind, "holding his own," and firmly and consistently maintaining the great principles in support of which he was returned to Parliament.

In 1830 Lord Carlisle was elected, in conjunction with Mr. Henry (now Lord) Brougham, for the West Riding of Yorkshire, and continued to represent that large and important constituency till 1841. In April, 1835, during the Melbourne Administration, he accepted the highly important official post of Chief Secretary for Ireland, under the Lord Lieutenancy of the Earl of Mulgrave, late Marquis of Normanby, which he filled with credit to himself until 1841. At the general election of that year he submitted to the loss of his seat, rather than abandon his principles on the leading question of the day-"Free Trade."

On this occasion, upon his defeat, he delivered one of the finest and most magnanimous election speeches ever pronounced, and never surpassed in the history of elections, and bade his constituents a graceful farewell.*

Lord Carlisle, now released from Parliamentary duties, visited the United States and Canada, and afterwards proceeded on his

* "There are many Yorkshiremen who say that Lord Morpeth's speech after his defeat has never been equalled in the history of elections. Some of us who did not hear the address, but only read the report of it, are almost disposed, even while remembering Burke, to agree to anything that the actual hearers can say. It was a natural occasion for the magnanimity of the man to appear; and its effect on the election crowd was just what it was every day on those who lived in his presence. The feeling of many hearers was that it was a happier thing to endure a defeat, even of a ministerial policy, in such a spirit of enlightenment and philosophy, than to enjoy the most unexpected triumph merely as a triumph."-Daily News.

travels to the East, to which we owe his "Impressions on Life and Manners in America," and his "Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters."

In 1846, his constituency of the West Riding, a vacancy occurring, received Lord Carlisle with open arms and a hearty welcome; no opponent ventured to appear. Lord Carlisle resumed his place in the British Senate, and was re-elected in the following year. In reference to this great triumph the "Leeds Mercury," of February 4th, 1846, says:—

"This important election has taken place, and Lord Morpeth is returned without a contest as the Free Trade member of the first constituency in the kingdom.

"The great injustice of 1841 is repaired; the stain on the Opposition banner is wiped out; and on the very principles on which the noble lord was defeated four years back, on those same principles, only carried out to a fuller consummation, is he restored to his seat amid the enthusiastic acclamations of the Riding. How rapid has been the progress of truth! How beautiful are its victories!-involving, in the present case, a full and honourable reparation to a public servant for the ingratitude he had experienced, the restoration of this great community to its proper place among the supporters of commercial freedom, and the retrieving of a noble cause from defeat, to crown it with sudden and splendid triumph.

"The enthusiasm with which the West Riding has hailed the restoration of Lord Morpeth to the seat he so long adorned, is such as could scarcely be understood out of the Riding. The noble lord is regarded by the people of Yorkshire with a warm personal affection-an affection which has its source in the goodness, kindliness, and magnanimity of his nature, and which has been exceedingly heightened by the events that for a time separated the member from his constituents. They remembered his exemplary discharge of the duties he owed to them and to his country, and the unequalled success with which he conducted for six years the difficult affairs of Ireland. And they remembered, too, how frankly and manfully he avowed himself favourable to the total and immediate repeal of the Corn Laws, whilst as yet he believed both the Whig and Conservative leaders to be hostile to that measure.

"For the sake of the man, therefore, at well as for the sake of principles which they hold most dear, the electors of the West Riding have delighted to do honour to Lord Morpeth; and if the brightest triumph is that which leads the hearts of men in willing homage, that brightest triumph was enjoyed by the noble lord this day."

From July, 1846, till 1850, Lord Carlisle held the office of Commissioner of Woods and Forests, carried the "Public Health Bill," and caused extensive plans for the drainage of London to be prepared, and otherwise directed and aroused the attention of the nation to the necessity of sanatory reform.

In October, 1848, by the decease of his father, the Earldom devolved upon him, and a seat in the House of Lords, thus terminating his connexion with the House of Commons.

In 1850 Lord Carlisle was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, but resigned on the retirement of Lord John Russell in 1852. He remained in opposition during Lord Derby's Administration, and accepted no official post under the Aberdeen Ministry.

In 1855, Lord Palmerston, on assuming the Government, selected Lord Carlisle as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He continued, with a brief intermission, in the discharge of the delicate and difficult duties of that dignified and responsible office till within a few months of his decease.*

แ

* See Appendices-Extract from Sir Bernard Burke's (Ulster King at Arms) Peerage."

LECTURE ON GRAY, PRIZE POEMS, ETC.

[THE pieces which follow-a Lecture on the Poet Gray, the Oxford Prize Poems, "Pæstum" and "Eleusis," an Argument on the Supposed Site of Troy, and A Poetic and Historic View of the chief Scenes of Interest in Yorkshire, having been only obtained after the main portion of the work had been completed, are necessarily inserted in this place, the Editor's design being to omit no composition illustrating the genius or scholarship of Lord Carlisle.]

LECTURE ON THE POETICAL WORKS OF GRAY.*

I CHOSE for the subject of a Lecture I delivered at Leeds, "The Poetry of Pope." I have chosen as my subject to-night, "The Writings of Gray." Why Gray? it may be asked. I have myself admitted, when I had to speak of Pope, that upon the British Parnassus were loftier names than even his. Why then do I descend lower, instead of mounting higher on the sacred steep? In the first place, I may feel that to descant adequately upon Shakspeare or Milton would seem to demand gifts and powers more nearly approaching to their own; just as, to write worthily of Socrates, it required no one less than Plato. Next, in these transcendant cases, the endeavour, with whatever success, has been much more frequently made. And, further, I believe there to be something instinctive, which leads every one of us, not to what in our unimpassioned judgment we think the best and greatest of its kind, but to what we are sensible is most specially attractive and congenial to ourselves. The strongest personal impulse I could feel led me first of all to Pope; that first one having been satisfied, the next leads me to Gray; and I am quite con

This Lecture was delivered at the Sheffield Mechanics' Institute, December 14th, 1852. It is introduced as an Appendix to the Life of Gray, in the Eton edition of his Poetical works, published by Griffin and Bolton, London.