The Political Economy of Science, Technology and InnovationBen R. Martin, Paul Nightingale Technical change has radically altered economic development in the industrialised world and it has become ever more important to understand the sources, nature and consequences of innovation. The Political Economy of Science, Technology and Innovation is an authoritative collection of the most important papers by leading international scholars in this field. This collection is divided into five sections which cover the historical roots of the subject, the function of science in technological innovation and economic growth, technological development, the generation of new products and processes, and the climate for innovation in industry. Each section consists of path-breaking classic papers that have defined the field together with more recent papers which indicate current research activity. |
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Page 264
... patent was " tagged " with the average R & D outlay per patent in its appropriate line of business . Thus , the R & D dollars , as well as raw patents , could be flowed out to industries in which the patented inventions ' use was ...
... patent was " tagged " with the average R & D outlay per patent in its appropriate line of business . Thus , the R & D dollars , as well as raw patents , could be flowed out to industries in which the patented inventions ' use was ...
Page 474
... patents between five and six . Of those with more than two responses , almost all fell neatly into chemical products ( including inorganic chemicals , plastic materials , synthetic fibers , synthetic rubber , and glass ) or relatively ...
... patents between five and six . Of those with more than two responses , almost all fell neatly into chemical products ( including inorganic chemicals , plastic materials , synthetic fibers , synthetic rubber , and glass ) or relatively ...
Page 481
... Patents for New or Improved Processes and Products ' 803 Overall sample means Limitation Processes Products ... Patents unlikely to be valid if 4.18 3.92 3.5-5.0 ° 3.0-5.0 ° challenged ( 0.06 ) ( 0.07 ) Firms do not enforce patents ...
... Patents for New or Improved Processes and Products ' 803 Overall sample means Limitation Processes Products ... Patents unlikely to be valid if 4.18 3.92 3.5-5.0 ° 3.0-5.0 ° challenged ( 0.06 ) ( 0.07 ) Firms do not enforce patents ...
Contents
R Rothwell C Freeman A Horlsey V T P Jervis A B Robertson | 353 |
Eric von Hippel 1978 A CustomerActive Paradigm for Industrial | 404 |
Richard C Levin Alvin K Klevorick Richard R Nelson | 461 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
absorptive capacity analysis applied basic research business cycle CARLOTA PEREZ chemical CHRISTOPHER FREEMAN cited academic researchers companies competitive cost defined demand-pull division of labour Dosi economists Edwin Mansfield effect electrical electronics Elmer Sperry empirical engineering equipment external factors firm's important improvement increasing industrial innovation innovating firms innovation process innovative activity institutional instruments interaction inventive activity inventors Journal laboratories literature machine machinery Management manufacturing market demand mechanism ment Mowery Myers and Marquis National National Science Foundation nature Nelson nomic organisation output paper patents patterns Pavitt percent performance problems published QWERTY R&D intensity relatively relevant Research Policy role Rosenberg sample SAPPHO Scherer Schmookler science and technology scientific knowledge scientific research scientists sectors social sources specific structure studies successful innovations tacit tacit knowledge technical change techno technological innovation Technological paradigms technological system theory tion University of Sussex variables