The Political Economy of Science, Technology and InnovationBen R. Martin, Paul Nightingale Technical change has radically altered economic development in the industrialised world and it has become ever more important to understand the sources, nature and consequences of innovation. The Political Economy of Science, Technology and Innovation is an authoritative collection of the most important papers by leading international scholars in this field. This collection is divided into five sections which cover the historical roots of the subject, the function of science in technological innovation and economic growth, technological development, the generation of new products and processes, and the climate for innovation in industry. Each section consists of path-breaking classic papers that have defined the field together with more recent papers which indicate current research activity. |
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Page 67
... cost " is excluded by the static hypothesis , the justification for accepting such an arrange- ment being that it ... cost " of the same kind as , and symmetrical to , the law of increasing cost . The relation of the two can ...
... cost " is excluded by the static hypothesis , the justification for accepting such an arrange- ment being that it ... cost " of the same kind as , and symmetrical to , the law of increasing cost . The relation of the two can ...
Page 94
... costs , or improvement in the final developed product - exceed ex- pected research costs and if total re- search and development cost is exceeded by the expected net value of the inven- tion . To the extent that the results of applied ...
... costs , or improvement in the final developed product - exceed ex- pected research costs and if total re- search and development cost is exceeded by the expected net value of the inven- tion . To the extent that the results of applied ...
Page 99
... cost to the firm , which under our assumptions still equals alternative cost . But perhaps non - profit laboratories are spending too much on basic research -are operating beyond the point at which marginal cost equals marginal so- cial ...
... cost to the firm , which under our assumptions still equals alternative cost . But perhaps non - profit laboratories are spending too much on basic research -are operating beyond the point at which marginal cost equals marginal so- cial ...
Contents
R Rothwell C Freeman A Horlsey V T P Jervis A B Robertson | 353 |
Eric von Hippel 1978 A CustomerActive Paradigm for Industrial | 404 |
Richard C Levin Alvin K Klevorick Richard R Nelson | 461 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
absorptive capacity analysis applied basic research business cycle CARLOTA PEREZ chemical CHRISTOPHER FREEMAN cited academic researchers companies competitive cost defined demand-pull division of labour Dosi economists Edwin Mansfield effect electrical electronics Elmer Sperry empirical engineering equipment external factors firm's important improvement increasing industrial innovation innovating firms innovation process innovative activity institutional instruments interaction inventive activity inventors Journal laboratories literature machine machinery Management manufacturing market demand mechanism ment Mowery Myers and Marquis National National Science Foundation nature Nelson nomic organisation output paper patents patterns Pavitt percent performance problems published QWERTY R&D intensity relatively relevant Research Policy role Rosenberg sample SAPPHO Scherer Schmookler science and technology scientific knowledge scientific research scientists sectors social sources specific structure studies successful innovations tacit tacit knowledge technical change techno technological innovation Technological paradigms technological system theory tion University of Sussex variables