on her absent husband. He had promised to rejoin her in twenty-four hours: but instead of his keeping his word, a report reached her ears that he had been seized and ill-treated by the mob. She immediately made up her mind to return and share his misfortunes; nor was it without the greatest difficulty that she could be persuaded to relinquish the project. At the same time she addressed an affecting letter to Louis; appealing powerfully to his feelings, and imploring him to allow her to remain at Boulogne, in order that she might be nearer to her husband.* It may be mentioned that, some years afterwards, the House of Lords passed a bill for the attainder of the exiled Queen, but it was not pressed in the Commons. The Parliament even affected to regard her in the light of a Queen Dowager, and her jointure of 50,000l. a year was ordered to be regularly paid. This sum, though it annually passed the accounts as having been sent to her, was never remitted by King William. It was argued by that monarch, that were the measure suffered to take effect, it might be used as an argument against his own authority. Nevertheless, the money was paid into his coffers, and was apparently appropriated by him to his own purposes. During the life-time of her husband, Mary of Modena resided with him at St. Germains; interesting herself in the various plots which were contrived for his re-instatement on the throne, and apparently far more anxious for their success than James himself. So far, however, from her having previously hurried on her husband to his most violent measures, she is said, in her conversation with the English Ambassador, Lord Stair, to have deeply * Clarke's Life of James the Second, vol. ii. p. 246. Dalrymple's Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 212. Life of the Duke of Berwick, p. 21. lamented the egregious imprudence which had lost her husband his throne. The fact is well-known, moreover, that no one opposed with more sensible arguments, or with greater earnestness, the introduction of the dangerous Jesuit, Father Petre, to the Privy Council. Her devotion to her husband continued to the last. She appears to have hung about his dying bed; to have attended to his slightest wants; and to have anticipated his approaching dissolution with the most distressing grief. After his decease, she retired for a period from the world, and indulged her sorrow uninterruptedly in the convent of Challiot. "Lord Hailes," says Horace Walpole, " is very rich in anecdote. He told me that the Earl of Stair, when ambassador in France, showed marks of respect to the exiled Queen of James the Second. She sent to thank him, and to say that she had received less attention where she had reason to expect more." Lord Hailes has himself published this account, adding that, at the approach of Queen Mary's equipage, Lord Stair always made his own stop, thus showing her the same attention as if she had been Queen of England. A misfortune, almost as insupportable as the death of her husband, awaited the exiled Queen. In the year 1692, about four years after her banishment, she had become the mother of the Princess Louisa, a princess, who, as she increased in years, presented a character so feminine and faultless, as to have won the love and admiration of all who moved within her sphere. This excellent young Princess died of the small-pox in 1712, when only in her twentieth year. It is difficult to read, without emotion, the brief and passing notices of her, which have been handed down to us by her contemporaries. Madame de Maintenon writes in one of her letters,—"I had the honour of passing two hours with the Queen of England, who is the very image of desolation. The Princess had become her friend and only consolation. The French at St. Germains are as disconsolate at her loss as the English, and indeed all who knew her loved her most sincerely. She was truly amiable, cheerful, affable, anxious to please; attached to her duties, and fulfilling them all without a murmur; docile to her governess as at the age of six, having a real affection for the Queen, her mother. Her chief happiness consisted in pleasing her: she was affectionately devoted to the King her brother, and thought only of preventing his leaving the Queen, which he is sometimes apt to do in his little court: it was in the exercise of these virtues that God has taken her to himself." Even Louis the Fourteenth, in his old age, appears to have been deeply affected by the loss of this young and virtuous Princess. "The Queen," says Lord Dartmouth, "showed me a letter wrote in the King of France's own hand, upon the death of her sister; in which there was the highest character that ever was given to any princess of her age."-" She was admired," says Burnet, “by all that knew her, as in all respects a most extraordinary person." As she was the daughter of parents whom he detested, the praise of Burnet is in this instance as valuable as it is honest. The entrails of the Princess Louisa were interred in the Scotch College, at Paris. Over them is a plain slab, inscribed with the following interesting memorial: D. O. M. Hic sita sunt Viscera Puellæ Regiæ Ludovicæ Mariæ Quæ Jacobo II. Majoris Britanniæ Regi Ut et parentibus optimis perpetui exilii Et fratri dignissimo Regii sanguinis decus, Omnibus naturæ et gratiæ donis cumulata, Rapta est ne malitia maturet intellectû XIV. Kal. Maii MDCCXII. Etat. an. XIX. From this period little is known of the exiled Queen. She continued to reside at St. Germains, and lived to see the failure of her son's expedition to Scotland in 1715. Her death took place in the Castle of St. Germains, 7th May, 1718, in the thirtieth year of her exile, and the sixtieth of her age. In the chapel of the Scots' College, at Paris, is the following hitherto unnoticed inscription: D. O. M. Sub hoc marmore Viscera Mariæ Beatricis Reginæ Mag. Britan. Rarissimi exempli princeps fuit Fide et pietate in Deum, in conjugem, liberos eximia, In utrâque fortunâ semper eadem ; Nec triginta annorum exilio, calamitatibus, Fracta. Quæ vitam in Domino VII. Maii, an. MDCCXVIII. Etatis anno LX°. VOL. III. KK JAMES FITZ-JAMES, DUKE OF BERWICK. Birth and Education of the Duke of Berwick-His extraordinary Character and Early Piety-Distinguishes himself at the Battle of Sedgmoor-Joins the Imperial Army-Anecdote-The Duke's military Services-His first and second Marriage-Killed at the Siege of Philipsburgh-His Children and their Descendants. THIS admirable person, and gallant soldier, was the illegitimate son of James the Second, by Arabella Churchill, sister to the great Duke of Marlborough. He was born, according to his own account, on the 21st of August, 1670, at Moulins, in the Bourbonnois, whither his unfortunate mother appears to have retired for the purpose of concealing the evidence of her frailty and her shame. The Duke further informs us, in his curious Memoirs, that, at the age of seven, he was sent to France, with the express object of being educated in the Roman Catholic faith. He was, in the first instance, intrusted to the care of Father Gough, priest of the Oratoire, by whom he was placed in a college of the Jesuits, at Jully, the same seminary in which his unfortunate cousin, the Duke of Monmouth, had been previously educated. On the death of Father Gough, he was removed to the College of Plessis. The extraordinary character of the Duke of Berwick was early displayed. Nursing visions of future glory, even when a mere child, instead of joining in the amusements which are usually so delightful to boyhood, he |