at St. James's 4th July, 1664: the former died 22nd May, 1667, and the latter 20th June following.

Anne, afterwards Queen of England, born 6th February, 1665.

A son born 4th July, 1666.

Edgar, Duke of Cambridge, born at St. James's 14th September, 1667, died 8th June, 1671.

Henrietta, born at Whitehall 13th January, 1669, died 15th November following.

Catherine, born at Whitehall 9th February, 1671, died 5th December, the same year.

By Mary of Modena, his second wife, James had six children:

Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born at St. James's 7th November, 1667, died 12th December following.

Catherine-Laura, born at St. James's 10th January, 1675, died 4th October following.

Isabella, born at St. James's 28th August, 1676, died 2nd March, 1681.

Charlotte-Maria, born at St. James's 15th August, 1682, died 6th October following.

James, commonly called the Pretender, born 10th June, 1688.

Maria-Louisa-Teresia, born at St. Germains 28th June, 1692, died there 8th April, 1712.

His natural children were not so numerous. By Catherine Sedley he had one daughter, Catherine Darnley, who married, first, James Annesley, third Earl of Anglesey, from whom she was divorced; and afterwards John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham. By Arabella

Cambridge lies also sick, past hopes of recovery. On Sunday the Court mourning for the former." Letter from the Earl of Arlington to Sir W. Temple, dated 24th May, 1667.-Arlington's Letters, vol. i. p. 165.

Churchill, the sister of the great Duke of Marlborough, James was the father of four children :-James, the celebrated Duke of Berwick:-Henry Fitzjames, commonly called the Grand Prior :-Henrietta, married to Sir Henry Waldegrave; and a daughter who died

a nun.

471

ANNE HYDE,

DUCHESS OF YORK.

Her Partiality for Henry Jermyn-Contracted to James, Duke of York -Opposition of the Royal Family-Married at Worcester House -Court of the Duchess of York at St. James's-Her generous Conduct to her Maligners-Her Attachment to Henry Sidney-Indulges in the Pleasures of the Table-Her Character-Her Merit as an Authoress -Becomes a Convert to the Roman Catholic Religion-Her Death and Burial.

ANNE HYDE, the eldest daughter of the great Lord Clarendon, and the mother of two Queens, was born in 1638. During the exile of the royal family she attended her father abroad, and at an early age was appointed a Maid of Honour to the Princess of Orange, the eldest sister of Charles the Second. Of her history, previous to the Restoration, little is known. She seems, while at the Hague, to have been infected with the general partiality in favour of Henry Jermyn. To whatever extent, however, her feelings may have been engaged, there is no reason to suspect that she was guilty of any notable impropriety.

Her acquaintance with James Duke of York, then a young and gallant soldier, commenced when Miss Hyde was in her twenty-first year. She had accompanied the Princess of Orange to Paris, on a visit to the Queenmother, when the Duke accidentally met, and fell in love with her. Whether, at this period, he really proposed to make her his wife, or whether he found it impossible to remove her scruples by any other means, it is certain

they were contracted at Breda, on the 24th November, 1659. The obligation, as far as the Duke was concerned, was of little importance. Had he chosen to swerve from his engagement, or had the King refused his consent to the marriage, whatever verdict might have been passed against him in a tribunal of honour, Miss Hyde had certainly no remedy in a court of law.

In the mean time, the Restoration had taken place, and unfortunately the Maid of Honour gave promise of becoming a mother. Naturally pure in mind, and, moreover, the child of a virtuous and illustrious father, her position was rendered painful in the extreme. As long as the English Court had remained in poverty and exile, there had survived some hope in her mind that the Duke might be induced to fulfil his imprudent engagement. No sooner, however, were the royal family restored to their ancient splendour, than the prospect of her ever becoming the wife of the heir to the throne presented but a visionary idea. Not only had her lover begun to grow weary of her charms; not only was their marriage likely to encounter the violent opposition of the royal family; but the Duke was also surrounded by selfish and worldly friends, who, aware how fatal so unsuitable a marriage must prove to his interests, endeavoured, by every argument in their power, to induce him to secede from his engagement. The most active of her enemies was Sir Charles Berkeley, who at this period exercised an extraordinary influence over the Duke. At Berkeley's instigation, three other friends of the Duke, Lords Arran, Jermyn, and Talbot, were bold enough to assert to the Duke, even to his face, that Miss Hyde had not only encouraged their addresses, but that they had severally and repeatedly shared her favours. Failing in these cruel attempts to

convince the Duke of the infidelity of his mistress, Berkeley coolly assured his royal master that he himself had been among the number of her favoured lovers; adding, says Lord Clarendon, that "for the Duke's sake, he would be content to marry her, though he well knew the familiarity between them." Probably Berkeley's motives were penetrated by James, who, in consideration of their being well-intentioned, seems to have thought it incumbent upon him to pardon the maligners. At all events, it was to the credit of James that he allowed his better feelings to triumph, and that he used his utmost exertions to raise the woman, who had confided in his honour, to that station, which, after all, by nature no one was better qualified to adorn.

In the "Continuation of his Life," the Chancellor gives a detailed and interesting account of the circumstances which preceded the elevation of his daughter. In this statement, the conduct, both of James and his brother Charles, reflects the highest credit on the honour of the one, and the good-nature of the other. Lord Clarendon, according to his own account, was one of the last persons who was made acquainted with his daughter's dishonour and doubtful position, and subsequently was the most active person in endeavouring to prevent the Duke from leading her to the altar. On being acquainted by the Marquess of Ormond and the Earl of Southampton, that his daughter had not only been contracted to the Duke, but that she was on the eve of becoming a mother, he broke out, he tells us, into an immoderate passion of grief and rage; insisted that he would turn her out of his house "as a strumpet to shift for herself;" and even recommended her committal to the Tower.

The fact of a marriage-contract having been mutually