its resemblance to the lip of the hare. Haresear, a plant. Harier, a dog for hunting hares.

Thou shalt not lack

The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose; nor The azured harebell, like thy veins.

Shakspeare. Cymbeline.

Dismayed not this

Our captains Macbeth and Banquo?
As sparrows, eagles; or the hare, the lion,
Shakspeare.

The blots of nature's hand

Shall not in their issue stand;

Never mole, harelip, nor fear,

Shall upon their children be.

Id.

when others are weary of it.

Bacon,

The hare appears, whom active rays supply A nimble force, and hardly wings deny.

Creech. We view in the open champaign a brace of swift greyhounds, coursing a good stout and well-breathed To hare and rate them, is not to teach but vex them.

hare.

Hills, dales, and forests far behind remain,

train.

Where shall the trembling hare a shelter find? Hark! death advances in each gust of wind.

More.

Locke.

to his death, in 1740. He was dismissed from being chaplain to George I. in 1718, from party prejudices. About the end of queen Anne's reign he published a remarkable pamphlet, entitled The Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the study of the Scriptures in the Way of Private Judgment. He published many pieces against bishop Hoadly, in the Bangorian Controversy; and other learned works, which

Gay's Rural Sports. The third stitch is performed with pins or needles, as in harelips.

Wiseman.

Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare.

Thomson.

Beattie.

Just then a Council of the hares Had met on national affairs. HARE, in zoology. See LEPUS. The hare is a beast of venery, but peculiarly so termed in its second year. There are reckoned four sorts of them, from the places of their abode: viz. the mountain, the field, the marsh, and the wandering hares. The mountain hares are the swiftest; the field hares are not so nimble; those of the marshes are the slowest: but the wandering hares are the most dangerous to follow; for they are cunning in the ways and mazes of the fields, and, knowing the nearest ways, run up the hills and rocks, to the confusion of the dogs, and the discouragement of the hunters. Hares and rabbits are very mischievous to nurseries and new planted orchards, by peeling off the barks of the young trees: to prevent which, some bind ropes about the trees up to such a height as they are able to reach; some daub them with tar; but, though this keeps off the hares, it is itself mischievous to the trees; but this hurtful property of it is in some degree taken off by mixing any kind of fat or grease with it, and incorporating them well over the fire. This mixture is to be rubbed over the lower part of the trees in November, and will preserve them till that time next year, without any danger from these animals. It is only in winter, when other food is scarce, that these creatures feed on the barks of trees. Those who have the care of warrens have an odd way of fattening hares, viz. stopping up their ears with wax, and rendering them deaf. The hare is so timorous, that she continually listens after every noise, and will run a long way on the least suspicion of danger; so that she always eats in terror, and runs her

HARE ISLAND, a low island of Lower Canada, in the middle of the channel of the St. Lawrence, nearly eight miles in length, by the average breadth of about half a mile. It extends in a direction nearly parallel to the shores of the river. The soil is good, but uncultivated; and at each extremity are long and dangerous flats. It is 103 miles below Quebec.

HARFLEUR, a town of Normandy, in the department of the Lower Seine, on the Lezarda. It has some inferior manufactures, and was anciently a place of importance; but its harbour is now filled up. Harfleur was taken by the English in 1415 and 1440. Population 800 It is five miles east of Havre, and forty-nine west of Rouen.

HARFORD, a county of Maryland, United States, bounded north by York county in Pennsylvania, and east by Susquehannah River and Chesapeake Bay. It is watered by Bush River and Deer Creek. Harford is the chief town. Population 21,258.

HARIDI, a serpent formerly worshipped at Achmim in Upper Egypt. Upwards of a century ago,' says Mr. Savary, 'a religious Turk called Scheilk Haridi died here. He passed for a saint among the Mahommedans; who raised a monument to him, covered with a cupola, at the foot of the mountain. The people flocked from all parts to offer up their prayers to him. One of their priests, profiting by their credulity, persuaded them that God had made the soul of Scheilk Haridi pass into the body of a serpent. Many of these are found in the Thebais, which are harmless; and he had taught one to obey

a famous comedian that frequented Mr. Harley's house, whom his friends called Harlequino, little Harley.-Trev. A buffoon who plays tricks to divert the populace; a jack-pudding; a zani. The joy of a king for a victory must not be like that of a harlequin upon a letter from his mistress.

Dryden.

The man in graver tragick known,
Though his best part long since was done,
Still on the stage desires to tarry;
And he who played the harlequin,
After the jest still loads the scene,

Unwilling to retire, though weary. Prior. HARLEQUIN, a buffoon, dressed in party-co" lored clothes; answering much the same pur pose as a merry andrew on mountebank stages, &c. Harlequin is a standing character in modern pantomime entertainments.

HARLES (Theophilus Christopher), an eminent German scholar and critic, was a native of Culmbach, in Suabia. In 1764 he was appointed adjunct of the faculty of philosophy at Erlangen, and the next year obtained the chair of Greek and Oriental literature in the gymnasium of Cobourg. He returned in 1770 to Erlangen, with the title of director of the philological seminary, librarian, and professor of rhetoric and poetry. His first publication was De Præconum apud Græcos officio, 1764; followed by his dissertations, De Pedantismo Philologico, Cobourg, 1765; and De Galantismo Esthetico et Philologico, 1768. He also wrote the lives of various philologers in Latin, of which the second edition was published at Bremen, 1770, 1772. He edited, besides editions of several of the Greek and Roman classics, a Greek and Latin poetical Anthology, and introductions to the history of Greek and Latin Literature. But the most important of his labors is the second edition of the Bibliotheca Græca of Fabricius, published at Hamburgh, 1790-1809, 12 vols. 4to. His death took place November 2d, 1814, at the age of seventy-six.

HARLEY (Robert), earl of Oxford and Mortimer, was the eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, and born in 1661. At the Revolution Sir Edward and his son raised a troop of horse at their own expense; and, after the accession of king William and queen Mary, he obtained a seat in parliament. His promotions were rapid: in 1702 he was chosen speaker of the house of commons; in 1704 he was sworn of queen Anne's privy council, and made secretary of state; in 1706 he was one of the commissioners for the treaty of Union; and in 1710 was appointed a commissioner of the treasury, and chancellor of the exchequer. A daring attempt was made on his life, March 8th, 1711, by the marquis of Guiscard, a French papist; who, when under examination before a committee of the privy council, stabbed him with a penknife. Of this wound, however, he soon recovered; and was the same year created earl of Oxford, and lord high treasurer, which office he resigned just before the queen's death. In 1715 he was impeached of high treason, and committed to the Tower; but was cleared by trial, and died on the 21st of May, 1724. He was not only an

encourager of literature, but the greatest collector in his time of curious books and MSS.

HARLINGEN, a sea-port town of the Netherlands, in Friesland. It stands on the coast of the Zuyder Zee, at the mouth of a large canal, and was only a hamlet till 1234, when it was destroyed by the sea; and, being afterwards rebuilt, became a considerable town. In 1543 and 1579 it was enlarged by William prince of Orange. It is now well fortified, and naturally strong, as the adjacent country can easily be laid under water. The city is square; and the streets are handsome, straight, and clean, with canals in the middle. But, though the harbour is good, vessels of great burden cannot get into it until they are lightened. The manufactures are salt, bricks, tiles, canvas, and paper; a considerable trade is also carried on in all sorts of linen cloth, and the adjacent country yields abundance of corn and pasturage. Population 7349. The town lies fifteen miles west of Lewarden, and is the seat of the naval administration of the province.

HAR'LOT, n. s. Welsh, herlodes, a girl. HAR'LOTRY, n. s. Others for horelet, a little whore. Others from the name of the mother of William the Conqueror. Harlot is used in Chaucer for a low male drudge. So far Johnson: but the word hire clearly supplies the etymology both of this word and whore; to both of which the Goth. hor; Dan. hore, answers. A whore; a strumpet. This word was, as Dr. Johnson says, formerly given to men as well as women. Herlod, in Welsh, is said to signify simply a young man, and herlodes a young woman with us it seems always to have been a disgraceful appellation: harlotry, fornication; a name of contempt.

He was a gentil harlot and a kinde,
A better felow shulde a man not find.
Chaucer. Prologue to the Cant. Tules.
He was a jangler, and a goliardeis,
And that was most of sinne and harlotries. Id.
Thine be this might; I graunt it the;
My King of Harlotes shalt thou be.

Id. Romaunt of the Rose.
A peevish self-willed harlotry,
That no persuasion can do good upon.

rinth was a remarkable nursery of harlots, and gave birth to the noted Lais. Their accomplishments were often great, in all the polite and elegant parts of female education, viz. philosophy, dancing, singing, rhetoric, &c. Aspasir, the mistress of Pericles, was admired by Socrates for her learning. The more accomplished frequently amassed great fortunes. Phryne offered to rebuild the walls of Thebes, when destroyed by Alexander, on condition that they would perpetuate her memory and profession by an inscription. At Rome they were obliged to fix a bill over their doors, indicating their character and profession. It was also customary for them to change their names, after they had signified to the prætor their intention of leading such a dissolute life. Women whose grandfather, father, or husband, had been a Roman knight, were

sing the morning up. Tate's Loyal General Compare the harmlessness, the credulity, the tenderness, the modesty, and the ingenuous pliableness to virtuous counsels, which is in youth untainted, with

sion of lewdness.

Sax. anm; Goth. Swed. Dan. and Teut.

to

harm. Injury; crime; wickedness; mischief; detriment; hurt hurt, or do injury. The adjectives and

HARM, n. s. & v. a.
HARM'FUL, adj.
HARM FULLY, adv.
HARMFULNESS, n. s.
HARM'LESS, adj.
HARM'LESSLY, adv.
HARM LESSNESS, N. S.
adverbs imply the presence or absence of what-
ever is noxious, criminal, or injurious.

Ye wounded me, ye made me wo bestad ;
Of grace, redresse my mortal grefe, as ye
Of all my harm the very causer be.

Chaucer. The Court of Love.
And, therto, I saw ner yet, a lesse
Harmful than she was in doing :
I say not that she n' hadde knowyng
What harme ywas; or elles, she
Had coulde no gode, so thinketh me.

Id. The Boke of the Duchesse. A scholar is better occupied in playing or sleeping, than spending his time not only vainly, but harmfully

in such kind of exercise.

His dearly loved squire

Ascham.

His spear of heben-wood behind him bare,
Whose harmful head, thrice heated in the fire,
Had riven many a breast with pike-head square.

Spenser. Touching ceremonies harmless in themselves, and hurtful only in respect of number, was it amiss to decree that those things that were least needful, and newliest come, should be the first that were taken away? Hooker.

She, like harmless lightning, throws her eye On him, her brothers, me, her master; hitting Each object with a joy. Shakspeare.

We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms, which the wise Powers Deny us for our good. Id.

What sense had I of her stolen hours of lust? I saw't not, thought it not, it harmed not me. Id. The shipwright will be careful to gain by his labour, or at least to save himself harmless, and therefore suit his work slightly, according to a slight price.

Raleigh.

The earth brought forth fruit and food for man, without any mixture of harmful quality. Id.

When, through tasteless flat humility, In dough-baked men some harmlessness we see, 'Tis but his phlegm that's virtuous and not he.

Donne.

Let no man fear that harmful creature less, because he sees the apostle safe from that poison. Hall.

dence, the falsehood, and the confirmed obstinacy in an aged long-practised sinner.

South.

Thomson. Bullets batter the walls which stand inflexible, but fall harmlessly into wood or feathers.

Decay of Piety. Thus Harold deemed, as on that lady's eye He looked and met its beam without a thought, Save admiration glancing harmless by.

Byron. Childe Harold. HARMATTAN, a remarkable periodical wind which blows from the interior parts of Africa towards the Atlantic Ocean. It is described in the Philosophical Transactions as an easterly wind prevailing on that part of the coast of Africa which lies between Cape Verd in lat. 15° N., and Cape Lopez in lat. 1° S., during December, January, and February.

This wind is by the French and Portuguese, who frequent the Gold coast, called simply the north-east wind, the quarter from which it blows. The English adopt the Fantee word harmattan. It comes on indiscriminately at any hour of the day, at any time of the tide, or at any period of the moon, and continues sometimes only a day or two, sometimes five or six days, and it has been known to last fifteen or sixteen. There are generally three or four returns of it every season. It blows with a moderate force, not quite so strong as the sea-breeze (which blows every day during the fair season from the west, W.S.W., and south-west); but somewhat stronger than the land wind at night from the north and N.N.W. A fog is one of the peculiarities which always accompanies the harmattan. Extreme dryness makes another extraordinary property of this wind. No dew falls during its continuance, nor is there the least appearance of moisture in the atmosphere. Vegetables of every kind are very much injured; all tender plants, and most of the productions of the garden, are destroyed; the grass withers, and becomes dry like hay; the vigorous evergreens likewise feel its pernicious influence; the branches of the

lemon, orange, and lime-trees droop; the leaves become flaccid, wither, and, if the harniattan continues to blow for ten or twelve days, are so parched as to be easily rubbed to dust between the fingers the fruit of these trees, deprived of its nourishment, and stinted in its growth, becomes yellow and dry, without acquiring half its usual size. The parching effects of this wind are likewise evident on the external parts of the body. The eyes, nostrils, lips, and palate, are rendered dry and uneasy, and drink is often required, not so much to quench thirst, as to remove a painful aridity in the fauces. The lips and nose become sore, and even chapped; and, though the air be cool, yet there is a troublesome sensation of prickling heat on the skin. If the harmattan continues four or five days, the scarfskin peels off, first from the hands and face, and afterwards from the other parts of the body, if it continues a day or two longer. Those laboring under fluxes and intermitting fevers, however, generally recover in a harmattan. It stops the progress of epidemics: the small pox, remittent fevers, &c., not only disappear, but those laboring under these diseases when an harmattan comes on, are almost certain of a speedy recovery.'

HARMER (Thomas), an oriental scholar and biblical critic, was a native of Norwich, where he was born in 1715. He received his education at a private academy in London, but his progress in the languages of the east was considerable, which is evinced in his annotations on Solomon's Song. But his best work is Observations on divers parts of Scripture, illustrated by the accounts of Travellers in the East, 4 vols. 8vo.; a treatise which has gone through several editions. He died in 1788, minister of a dissenting congregation at Wattesfield, Suffolk.

HARMODIUS, the friend of Aristogiton, who delivered his country from the tyranny of the Pisistratidæ. See ARISTOGITON, and ATTICA. The Athenians, to reward the patriotism of these illustrious citizens, made a law, that no person (according to some), or, as others with more probability affirm, no slave, should ever after be named Aristogiton or Harmodius.

HARMONIA, or HERMIONE, in fabulous history, the wife of Cadmus, both of whom were turned into serpents. See CADMUS. Though many ancient authors make Harmonia a princess of divine origin, the daughter of Mars and Venus, Athenæus, quoting Euhemerus, tells us, that she was only a player on the flute, in the service of the prince of Zidon, previous to her departure with Cadmus. This circumstance renders it probable, that, as Cadmus brought letters into Greece, his wife brought music thither.

HARMONICA. This word, when originally appropriated by Dr. Franklin to that peculiar form or mode of musical glasses which he himself, after a number of happy experiments, first contrived, was written armonica. It is derived from the Greek word ἁρμονια. The Dr., in his letter to F. Beccaria, has given a minute and elegant account of the harmonica. You have doubtless heard,' says he, the sweet tone that is drawn from a drinking glass, by pressing a wet finger round its brim. One Mr. Puckeridge, a gentleman from Ireland, was the

first who thought of playing tunes formed of these tones. He collected a number of glasses of different sizes; fixed them near each other on a table; and tuned them, by putting into them water more or less as each note required. The tones were brought out by pressing his fingers round their brims. He was unfortunately burnt here, with his instrument, in a fire which consumed the house he lived in. Mr. E. Delaval, a most ingenious member of our Royal Society, made one in imitation of it with a better choice and form of glasses, which was the first I saw or heard. Being charmed with the sweetness of its tones, and the music he produced from it, I wished to see the glasses disposed in a more convenient form, and brought together in a narrower compass, so as to admit of a greater number of tones, and all within reach of hand to a person sitting before the instrument; which I accomplished after various intermediate trials, and less commodious forms, both of glasses and construction, in the following manner :-The glasses are blown as near as possible in the form of hemispheres, having each an open neck or socket in the middle. The thickness of the glass near the brim is about the tenth of an inch, or hardly quite so much, but thicker as it comes nearer the neck; which in the largest glasses is about an inch deep, and an inch and a half wide within; these dimensions lessening as the glasses themselves diminish in size, except that the neck of the smallest ought not to be shorter than half an inch. The largest glass is nine inches diameter, and the smallest three inches. Between these are twenty-three different sizes, differing from each other a quarter of an inch in diameter. To make a single instrument, there should be at least six glasses blown of each size; and out of this number one may probably pick thirty-seven glasses (which are different for three octaves with all the semitones) that will be each either the note one wants, or a little sharper than that note, and all fitting so well into each other as to taper pretty regularly from the largest to the smallest. It is true there are not thirty-seven sizes; but it often happens that two of the same size differ a note or half a note in tone, by reason of a difference in thickness, and these may be placed in the other without sensibly hurting the regularity of the taper form. The glasses being chosen, and every one marked with a diamond the note you intend it for, they are to be tuned by diminishing the thickness of those that are too sharp. This is done by grinding them round from the neck towards the brim, the breadth of one or two inches as may be required; often trying the glass by a well tuned harpsichord, comparing the note drawn from the glass by your finger with the note you want, as sounded by that string of the harpsichord. When you come near the matter, be careful to wipe the glass clean and dry before each trial, because the tone is something flatter when the glass is wet, than it will be when drying;-and, grinding a very little between each trial, you will thereby tune to great exactness. The more care is necessary in this, because if you go below your required tone there is no sharpening it again but by grinding somewhat off the brim, which will