INDICES

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

place of, in the sentence, 110; | And, incorrect use of, with which,
derivation, 110-111; compound,
III; comparison of, III; errors
in construction, 282
Advertising, productive of neolo-
gisms, 132

list æ, in Old and Middle English, 31.
See also diphthongs

Adverbs, morphology of, 39; mean. Analysis, tendency from synthesis
ing and function, 109; classifica- to, 36
tion, 109-110; as adjectives, 110; | Anapest, the, 315

Bêtise, 219

211, 282

Between, use of, confined to two
objects, III; incorrect use of,
for among, 211; erroneous use
of the nominative after, 278;
Bible, the, hackneyed quotations
construction of, 282
Bibliography, 412-414
from, 199
Bizarre, 219..

men of, 23

36-37; grammar of, 85; errors | Beside, and besides, use of, 111, 210, | Canterbury Tales, Chaucer's, speci-
with, in construction, 277
Aryan, origin and growth of, 2-3;
geographical distribution, 3; re-
lation of English phonology to,
26; languages, importance of, in
English etymology, 40-42, 87
As, use of as a relative pronoun, 96-
97; vulgar use of, after certain
verbs, 209; misuse of like for,
225-226; a vulgarism when used
instead of that to introduce a
noun-clause, 226; unnecessary
use of as to, 230; as far as, dis-
criminated from so far as, 230;
case following, in comparisons,
277; incorrect use of like for, 282
Ascetic, confusion of, with aesthetic,

202

Aspirate, the, 27, 30, 42, 43, 45
Association of ideas, influence of, on
style, 237

At, vulgar and incorrect use of, 211,

212

At that, as an Americanism, 218
Atmosphere, use of foreign expres-
sions to give, 122

Attic Greek, and English origins, 2
Attitudinize, an objectionable Ameri-
canism, 217
Augmentatives, 113
Augustan Age, the, 151
Au revoir, 219

Authentic, wrongly used as synony.
with authoritative

mous

and

genuine, 202
Authoritative, wrongly used
synonymous with authentic and
as
genuine, 202
Author's corrections, 415; signs
used for, 418-419

Auto, originally a slangy abbrevia-
tion, 229
Auxiliary verbs, use of, in Early
and Middle English, 20; origi-
nally independent verbs, 39;
function of, 98; voice of, 100;
grammar of, 103-104; tense and
construction, 280
Avocation, erroneous use of, for
vocation, 202

Await, incorrect use of, 202
Awfully, slangy abuse of, 206, 229

B, "parasitic," 30

Bacchius, the (poetic foot), 315
Back seat (to take a), a slang phrase,
228

Back vowels, 27-28

Bad lot, a slang expression, 228
Badly, misuse of, 207

Bakerloo, as an example of coinage,
132

Balance, in sentences, 273-274
Ballads, 354-357
Barbarisms, 217, 223
Bathos, 302

Be, to, nominative case following,
278

Begin, incorrect use of start for, 232
Begun, incorrect use of for began,
207

Belgæ, the, 14

Below the belt, as a slang phrase, 228
Bemused, a bad nonce-word, 223
Benightmared, use of, by Keats,
223

"Blame on," wrongly used instead
Blank verse, 399
of "blame for," 208

Blasé, a naturalised word, 219
Body, use of, for person, a Scotticism,

206

Bohemian, and English origins, 2
Booking-office, original signification
Bona fide, use of, 122
Boom, an Americanism, 219
of, 215-216
Borrow, 66
to ask the loan of," a
Borrowed words, spelling, and pro-
Scotticism for, 206
Boughten, as an Americanism, 216
nunciation of, 65
Bound, incorrect use of, 208
Bounder, a slang word, 227
Bourgeois, use of, 123, 219
Bovril, an example of coinage, 132
Bowdlerize, an example of coinage,
155

Bowl over, to, a slang phrase, 228
Bravely, as an Americanism, 216
Breton, and English origins, 2
Break, various meanings of, 145-146
Brevity, as a source of emphasis in
paragraphs, 265; in sentences,
283-284; in narrative writing,
305

Britons, the, influence of, on Eng-
Britannic and English origins, 2
Brusque, 219
lish, 14, 15

Brut, Layamon's, specimen of, 20
Brythons, the. See Britons
B.T.I., an American contraction,
217

Bucking, as a vulgarism, 226
Bulgarian, and English origins, 2
Bus, originally a slangy contraction,
228

But, use of, as a relative pronoun,
97; incorrect use of, with no
sooner, 282

Buy, prepositions taken by, 211
Byzantine Greek, and English
origins, 2

C, the two sounds of, in Old
English, 29; redundancy of, 45;
different sound-values of, 50;
Danish and English sound-values
of, 51; French influence on the
Cab, originally a slangy contraction,
sound-value of, 53
Cable, to, an American neologism,
228

216

Cablegram, American origin of, 216
Call, prepositions taken by, 211
Cad, a slang word, 227
Can, misuse of, for may, 208, 232
Camaraderie, 219
Canned, an Americanism, 218

Cardinal numerals, 83-84
Capital letters, use of, 293
Care, prepositions taken by, 211
Careful restrictions, abuse of, 215
Case, signs of, in adverbs, 110; loss
of, case endings, 147; after as
and than in comparisons, 277
Cases, of nouns, purpose of, 81;
divergencies of grammarians as
to the number of, 81; the
nominative, 81; the objective,
81; the possessive, 81-82
Castra, in place-names, 15, 17
Cat, originally a slangy contraction
for cat-o'-nine-tails, 229
Catalan, and English origins, 2
Cataloguing, 412-413.
Causative forms of intransitive
verbs, 99

Caveat, use of, 122
Celtic, 2, 11, 14, 15-16; relation of,
Centre, to be discriminated from
to English phonology, 26; and
etymology, 41
middle, 232

ch, sound of, 28; Danish influence
on, 51

Charms and Prayers, 358
Chaw, a slang word, 227
Childish and childlike, incorrect use
of, 203

Children, invention of words by, 157
Chinese, contrasted with English, I
Choice, wrong use of alternative for,

232

Christianity, influence of, 15-16
Choke off, to, 227
Chronic, as slang, 228
Chronicle of England, Robert de
Brunne's, 22

Church, the, and the enlargement
of vocabulary, 153
Circumlocution, 118-119, 141, 295
Classics, influence of the study of, on

English orthography, 61; and
Classification, importance of, in
style, 299
composition and style, 240
Clearness, essential to good writing,
119; in composition and style,
235, 236, 243, 244; in sentences,
Climax, the law of, in regard to
267
style, 302, 327-328
Climb down, to, a slang phrase, 228
Cock, metaphorical use of, 157
Clipping (of words), 217
Cognate words, 39

-

99

objects of intransitive verbs,

Coherence, essential to good writing,
119; in composition and style,
245-246, 249 et seq., 262; in
Collective nouns, use of singular
sentence construction, 267
Coinings, 223-225
Colloquialisms, 114, 203-208 217,
verbs with, 76, 114
Colon, use of the, 289
225; in relation to style, 297
Combinative sound-changes, 26, 32
Come down, to, as slang, 228
Comic, as a vulgarism, 226
Comma, use of the, 289, 290, 291
Common nouns, 76

Common Prayer, Book of, hackneyed | Continuant consonants, 27

quotations from, 199
Comparison of adjectives, 86; irre-
gular, 86; double, 87; errors
arising from, in construction, 277
Compleat Gentleman, The, Peacham's
specimen of, 24
Complex sentences, pitfalls of, 266-
268, 272; advantages of, 271-272
Composition: introductory re-
marks, 234; essentials of good,
243; clearness, 243 et seq.;
attention to scope and propor-
tion, 244-245; unity, 245;
coherence, 245-246, 249; open.
ings, 246-247; development and
order, 247-249; the art of con-
cluding, 249-250; paragraphing,
250-265; principles of the sen-
tence, 265-274; word order, 274-
276; miscellaneous errors of
construction, 276-282; qualities
of the sentence, 285; punctua-
tion, 288-293; words, 293-300;
figures of speech, 300-302; kinds
of composition, 302 et seq.;
narrative, 303; descriptive, 307;
exposition, 310-312; persuasive
writing, 312-314; history, 314-
326; analysis of style, 326-329
Compounds, 19, 20, 75, 82-83, 87,
88; extension of vocabulary by,
147-152
Compound sentences, pitfalls of,
266-268; advantages of, 271-272
Compression, 97

Concluding, the art of, in composi.
tion, 249; examples of, 249;
final paragraphs, 259
Concord, 279

Concrete nouns, 75, 76

words, preferable to abstract,
295

Confab., originally a slangy abbre-
viation, 229

Confer, prepositions taken by, 211
Conjugation, similarity of English
and German, 9; English, 99 et
seq.
Conjunctions, function of, 112;
classification, 112; use of nor,
112-113; misuse of, 209; use of
prepositions for a vulgarism, 226;
errors in the use of, 272, 282
Connective words, use of, to effect
clearness and coherence, 262, 263
Connoisseur, 65

Conquest and Destruction of Britain,
Gildas's book on the, 15
Consistency, importance of, in style,
242

Consonants, changes in the sounds
of, 3-5; Modern English sounds,
26-27; development of Old
English, 28; initial combina-
tions in Old English, 30; in re-
lation to the Alphabet and Ortho-
graphy, 44 et seq., 49; French
influence on the sound-values of,
54-55; doubling of, 57; excep-
tions to doubling, 58; simplifica-
tion of combinations of, to single
sounds, 65

Constructio ad sensum, 114
Construction, pitfalls of, mixed,
208-209; rules for clearness in,
267-269

Contrast, in relation to style, 301
Co-ordinate clauses, 279
Coram populo, 221
Cornish, and English origins, 2
Cornwall, Celtic dialect in, 14
Correctitude, a needless variant, 223
Correlatives, use of, to secure
periodicity in sentences, 273;
construction with, 283

Coup, 220

Coup de grâce, 221
Couplet, the, 399
Coute que coute, to be used with
caution, 219-220

Cropper (to come a), a slang phrase,

228

Crowd, as an Americanism, 218
Cruel, as an Americanism, 216
Crux, 219

Cui bono, use and misuse of, 219,

220

Cul-de-sac, use of, 124
Cultus, use of, 124
Cumberland, Celtic in, 14
Curious, as an Americanism, 216
Cycle, originally a slangy contrac-
tion, 228

DACTYL, the, 315

Danish and English origins, 2; in-
fluence of, on English, 8, 12, 51
Dash, use of the, 291-292
Dative case, the, 81; traceable in
adverbs, 110; the ethical, 129
Days, heathen derivation of the
names of the, 16
Deal, incorrect use of, 206
Débris, use of, 122

Débutante, a naturalised word, 219
Deceased, confusion of, with dis-
eased, 202

Declension, 37-38; of adjectives, 8,
85; of nouns, 8
Defective verbs, 104

-

Definite Article, morphology of the,
36-37; grammar of the, 85
Demonstrative adjectives, 84
pronouns, 93-94
Dénouement, use of, 122
Deprecate, confusion of, with de-
preciate, 203
De rigueur, 222
Derivation of adjectives, 88-89; of
nouns, 87-88; errors in the use
of words having a common, 203
Derivatives, 88
Descriptive writing, general prin-
ciples of, 247-248, 307 et seq.;
atmosphere in, 308-309; a good
rule for, 309; different kinds of,
309; examples from Ouida and
Mrs. Gaskell, 309-310
Development, the art of, in com-
position, 247 et seq.
Dialectical plurals, 78
Dictionaries, how to use, 413-414
"Didn't ought," to be avoided, 207
"Didn't use to," a vulgarism, 207,
226

Different, incorrect use of to with,
206-207; incorrect use of than
after, 207; from the correct pre-
position after, 211
Dignity, of style, 295-296
Digraphs, 45, 46, 47, 53, 55, 56, 58
Diligentist, 87

Diminutives, 113; formation of, by
means of suffixes, 135; trans-
ferred from animals to persons,
156; Scottish abuse of, 206
Dinky, an Americanism, 218, 219
Diphthongs, 27, 28; Old and Middle
English, 33; Modern, 33-34;
absence of, in earliest Old Eng.
lish, 49; in relation to the Alpha-
bet and Orthography, 54, 55, 60
Directness, in composition and
style, 295

Discreet, to be distinguished from
discrete, 202

Diseased, confusion of, with de-
ceased, 202
Dishabille, 219

Distrait, misuse of, 220
Distributive adjectives, 85

Divinity, enlargement of vocabu.
lary by the terms of, 153
Do, as slang, 227, 228

Do do, a tautological error, 233
Don Juan, 159

Donate, a barbarism, 217
Doric Greek, and English origins, 2
Double consonants, 27

-

parts of speech, 75
Doublets, definition and origin of,
69-70; of dialect, 70; different
forms of the same word, 70-71;
English and Scandinavian, 71;
English and other Teutonic lan-
guages, 71; due to the Latin
element, 71-73

-

- enlargement of vocabulary
through, 157-159

Doubling, of vowels, 56; of con-
sonants, 57, 59

Doubt, Scottish use of as a verb, 205
Drama, enlargement of vocabulary

through proper names from, 159
Drank, incorrect use of for drunk,
207
Dreadfully, exaggerated use of, 206
Dual number, in Anglo-Saxon, 78
Dutch, 4, 5

Dux femina facti, use of, 221

E addition of, to monosyllabic
words ag substitute for the
doubling of vowels, 56-57; final
mute, 57, 59; silencing of in-
flexional, 60; as a support
vowel, 60; weakening of unac-
cented vowels to, 62; final mute,
62