TRO'LLIUS*.

Linnean Class and Order. POLYA'NDRIA †, POLYGY'NIA. Natural Order. RANUNCULA'CEE‡, Juss. Gen. Pl. p. 231.Sm. Gr. of Bot. p. 136.-Lindl. Syn. p. 7.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 6.-Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 465.-Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 495.; Mag. of Nat. Hist. v. i. p. 137.—Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 2.-Mack. Fl. Hib. pt. 1. p. 4.-ROSALES; sect. RANUNCULINE; type, RANUNCULACEA; subty. HELLEBOREÆ, Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 614, 828, 837, & 839.-MULTISILIQUE, Linn.

GEN. CHAR. Calyx (corolla of Linn.) inferior, of 5 or many, deciduous, petal-like coloured sepals (fig. 1, a). Corolla (see f. 2.) of 5 or many, strap-shaped, petals (nectaries of Linn.) (see f. 1, b), shorter than the calyx, each with an obscure depression above the contracted base. Filaments (see fig. 2.) numerous, bristle-shaped, shorter than the sepals. Anthers terminal, strap-shaped, upright. Germens (figs. 3 & 5.) superior, numerous, sessile, columnar. Styles none. Stigmas pointed, spreading, shorter than the stamens. Capsules (follicles) (figs. 6 & 7.) numerous, cylindrical, pointed, recurved, collected into a round head. Seeds several, at the edges of the capsule, egg-shaped, smooth, somewhat triangular.

The calyx of 5 or many, coloured sepals; the corolla of 5 or many, small, strap-shaped petals, with an obscure depression above their contracted base; and the numerous, sessile, columnar, manyseeded capsules; will distinguish this from other genera in the same class and order.

One species British.

TRO'LLIUS EUROPE US. European Globe-flower. Mountain Globe-flower. Globe Crowfoot. Locker-gowlans §.

SPEC. CHAR. Calyx of about 15 concave sepals, converging into a globe. Petals (nectaries of Linn.) from 5 to 10, the length of the stamens.

Engl. Bot. t. 28.-Curt. Brit. Entomol. v. iv. t. 190.-Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 782.Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 244.-Willd. Sp. Pl. v. ii. pt. II. p. 1333.—Sm. Fl. Brit. v. ii. p. 597.; Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 56.---With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 685. Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 713.-Lindl. Syn. p. 12.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 267.Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. i. p. 295.-Purt. Midl. Fl. v. ii. p. 736.; and v. iii. p. 364.Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 175.-Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 127.-Johnst. Fl. of Berw. v. i. p. 124.-Winch's Fl. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 38.-Flora Domestica, p. 153.Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 44.-Ranunculus globosus, Ray's Syn. p. 272.-Johnson's Gerarde, p. 955.

Fig. 1. A Sepal and a Petal; a. a sepal; b. a petal.--Fig. 2. Petals, Stamens, and Pistils.-Fig. 3. Germens, and a single Petal.- Fig. 4. A separate Petal.Fig. 5. A separate Germen.-Fig. 6. A head of Capsules.-Fig. 7. A separate Capsule.

* A name given to this plant by CONRAD GESNER. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old German word, siguifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers; whence also the English name Globe Flower. DoN. + See folio 43, note †. See folio 129, a.

LOCALITIES. Moist mountainous pastures, in the North of England; in the North of Ireland; and in Wales and Scotland.-Cheshire; In great plenty in a wood betwixt Stayley Hall and Scout Mill, at a place called Wems.-Cumberland; East side of Derwentwater; Kirkland; abundant in moist woods, meadows, &c.; Aspatria Mill.-Derbysh. Between Matlock and New Haven; Near Buxton; near Matlock Bath, and in the Via Gellia; Litton Dale, near Tideswell; and 2 miles from Matlock, on a hill called Vigelia. Durham; In Ravensworth, Heaton Dene, and Shipley Woods in Teesdale; woods in Weardale; Beamish; and near Egleston. Frequent in several bogs in the vale between Norton and Billingham.-Lancash. Borough- Hall Park; road-side near Dale Park in Furness Fells; side of Coniston Water; and on the banks of the Loyne near Caton.-Northumb. Woods in Allondale; Heaton Wood; and Whitehill Dean, near Ovingham; near Belford, Alnwick, and Morpeth; at Catcherside, Roadley, and Long Witton; and in most of the woods, and on banks of numerous rivulets. Shropsh. Meadows at Hays, plentifully.-Westmoreland; About Shap; near Troutbeck; and on the banks of the Mint.Worcestersh. Moist meadows at the foot of Bredon Hill.-Yorksh. Hovingham Woods, near Holly Hill. In Skirrith Wood, and moist woods about Settle. About Grassington in Wharf-dale; near Copgrove, very common; moist meadows near Ripon; Wensley Dale; by Malham Cove; Settle Bridge; Craven; Richmond; Wood at Clayton's Bridge: Mill Island; and on the banks of the Ribble.-WALES. Brecknocksh. Valleys of the Black Mountains.-Carnarvonsh. Meadows below Penrhyn; in the hollow immediately below the cataract in Caunant Mawr; near Dolbadarn Castle ; in the Vale of Llanberris; and in the meadows near Llyn Cowlid, a lake in the mountains above, and nearly North of Capel Cerig. Rocks in Cwm Idwel; Clogwyn dû'r Arddû; and Crib y Ddescil; banks of the Ogwen, a few miles above Bangor, and thence up the mountains; Twll du; Llanberris.-Denbighsh. Frequent.-Glamorgansh. Between Pont Nedd Vachn and Usgoed Eynon Garn.—Merionethsh. Dolgelle; boggy grassy lands to the left of the road from Dolgelle to Trawsfynaid.SCOTLAND. In several places in the vicinity of Berwick-upon-Tweed; banks of the water of Leith, opposite Newmill above Curie; meadow-ground South of Ravelrig-toll; near Borthwick Castle; Lugton Woods; woods at MidCalder; banks of the Clyde at Kenmuir; Daldowie; Bothwell, and the falls.— IRELAND. Convoy and Lough Garton, county of Donegal.

Perennial.-Flowers in May and June.

Root fibrous, tufted. Stems several, from 1 to 2 feet high, round, smooth, hollow, leafy, branched towards the top. Leaves smooth, dark green, 5-parted, the lobes variously divided and cut; the radical ones on long stalks. Flowers large and handsome, of a bright yellow, almost globular from the roundish connivent sepals of the calyx. Petals (nectaries of Linn.) (fig. 4.) strap-shaped, of nearly the same hue as the sepals, but scarcely half so long. Capsules (figs. 6 & 7.) nearly cylindrical, transversely ribbed, terminated by a crooked point, which turns outwards, giving the head (fig. 6.) a star-like appearance. Seeds black and shining.

The large handsome flowers of this plant have obtained for it a place in the flower-garden, where it thrives best in a moist shady situation. It is a native almost throughout the whole of Europe. The country people of Westmorland, Scotland, and Sweden, consider it a sort of festival flower, going in parties to gather it for the decoration of their doors and apartments, as well as their persons. It is the Lucken-gowan of ALLAN RAMSEY: