life, or any positive favour, or actual fitness or capacity to enjoy positive happiness. This would be but a very partial redemption had the REDEEMER done no more than merely to make atonement for sin, by suffering the penalty of the law for sinners, and in their stead. It was therefore necessary that he should obey the precepts of the law for man, and in his stead, that by his perfect and meritorious obedience he might honour the law in the preceptive part of it, and obtain all the positive favour and benefits which man needed."

Syst. Vol. 1. p. 198, 199. "The obedience of Christ, though most excellent and meritorious, is not an atonement for the sins of men, or really any part of it. It is impossible that any mere obedience, how ever excellent and meritorious, should make atonement for the least sin. This can be done by nothing but suffering the penalty of the law, the evil with which transgression is threatened."

Syst. Vol. 1. p. 501.

"The sufferings of Christ, as such, made atonement for sin, as he suffered the penalty of the law, or the curse of it, the evil threatened to transgression, and which is the desert of it, in

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evil; and hence, because the blood is the life, (Gen. ix 4.) atonement is said to be made by the blood of Christ.

West on A. p. 33 and 34. Christ did actually die, as a substitute, in the room and stead of the sinner, as an exhibition of God's anger against the sin, ner, and of God's hatred of sin. "The same disposition of the Deity, which would have appeared in the death of the sinner, was designed to be exhi bited in the death of Christ."

63.

West on A. ch. 4. p. 54 and

"Christ was a sacrifice in his bloody and ignominious death, in a different sense from what he was in his holy and obedient life."

West on Aton. p. 62,

The perfect active obedience of Christ was necessary, that he might not deserve punishment in his own person, for his own sins; that he might be an exhibition of the sufferings of an innocent person, for otherwise, his sufferings would not have been a greater display of divine anger against sin, than the destruction of sinners; and that upon the ground of the manifestation of holy hatred of vice in him, he might make effectual intercession.

West on Aton. ch 5.

flesh of Christ. It is therefore declared by this saying, (Rom. viii. 3.) that Christ was in his death offered up to his Father for a satisfactory sacrifice, that the whole satisfaction for sin being ended in his sacrifice, we might cease to dread the wrath of God. Now it is plain, what that saying of the prophet (Isa. liii. 6.) meaneth, that the iniquities of us all were laid upon him, that is, that he, intending to wipe away the filthiness of our iniquities, was himself as it were by way of interchanged imputation, covered with them." "We could not certainly believe that Christ was the ransom, redemption, and satisfaction, unless he had been a sacrificed offering. And therefore there is so often mention made of blood, where the scripture showeth the manner of our redemption. Although the blood of Christ, that was shed, served, not only for sacrifice, but also instead of washing, to cleanse away our filthiness."?

Inst. B. 2. ch. 16. sec. 6. "In the death and burial of Christ, there is offered us a double benefit to be enjoyed, that is, deliverance from death, to which we were become bound, and the mortifying of our Aesh." B. 2. ch. 16. sec. 7.

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"Our onely succour, and refuge is to flie to the mercy of our Father by Jesus Christ, and assuredly to persuade our minde s, that he is the obtainer of forgivenesse for our sinnes : and that by his blood all our spots of sins be washed cleane : that he hath pacified and set at one, all things by the blood of his crosse; that he by the same one onely sacrifice, which he once offered upon the crosse, hath brought to effect, and fulfilled all things."

English Con. A. D. 1562. "The Godhead and manhood, were joined together in one person, never to be divided, whereofis one Christ,very God and very man; who truly suffered, was crucified, dead, and buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to be a sacrifice, not only for original guilt, but also for actual sins of men."

2. Art. of chh. England. "God is not only supremely merciful, but also supremely

1

"He was put in the stead of sinners, as SURETY and PLEDGE, yea, and as the very guilty person himself, to abide and suffer all the punishments that should have been laid upon them."

Inst. B. 2. ch. 16. sec. 10. "It was no inconsiderable thing that the Mediator had to do; that is, so to restore us to the favour of God, as to make us, of the children of men, the children of God: of the heirs of hell, the heirs of the king dom of heaven." In order to this it was necessary for "our reconciliation to God." to set his obedience in the place of our disobedience, and his suffering the penalty of the law, in the place of our damnation.

Inst. B. 2. ch. 12. sec. 2, 3.

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just. And his justice requires, (as he hath revealed himself in his word) that our sins committed against his infinite majesty should be punished not only with temporal, but with eternal punishments, both in body and soul; which we cannot escape, unless satisfaction be made to the justice of God. Since, therefore, we are unable to make that satisfaction in our own persons, or to deliver ourselves from the wrath of God, he hath been pleased of his infinite mercy to give his only begotten Son, for our surety, who was made sin, and made a curse for us, and in our stead, that he might make satisfaction to divine justice in our behalf"

Canons R. D. C. Head 2. Art,

1, 2.

"God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect; and Christ did, in the fulness of time, die for their sins, and rise again for their justification."

Con. P. C. U. S. Con. C. Scot Say. Plat. ch. 11. sec. 4.