ney, and evidently allude to the decease of Mr. Gunston. The contrast between these mournful emblems and the other painted embellishments of the room is strongly marked, and produces a curious effect. In the pleasing grounds attached to the mauor-house are some extremely fine elms, which are described as of a stately" character in the poem by Dr. Watts, and which, therefore, are probably not less than 200 years old.

Agreeably situated in the vicinity of the New River is a spacious and handsome villa, which was erected some few years back, by J. Hoare, Esq. and is now the property and residence of William Crawshay, Esq. whose extensive ironworks have been mentioned in several pages of the "Beauties” for South Wales.

A commodious building in this parish, appearing to have been erected in the early part of the 17th century, and which is now divided into two dwellings, (one of which is occupied as a boarding school for Ladies,) was the property and residence. of General Fleetwood, who married the eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell. During the protectorate of his father-inlaw he was Lieutenant-General of the army, and was Lorddeputy of Ireland for three years. After the death of Cromwell, the republican party declared him their general, and it seemed likely that the army would again obtain an ascendant over the civil power; but Fleetwood wisely abstained from farther ambitious enterprize, and on the restoration he was permitted to retire to his house at Newington, where he resided for the remainder of life in tranquil privacy. In the parish register are several entries relating to his family; and from these it appears that his wife, "Bridget Fleetwood, was interred in the church of Newington, Sept. 5th 1681." General Fleetwood died in 1692.

At different parts of the 18th century the following persons have been inhabitants of Newington :-Daniel Defoe; Dr. Anderson; Thomas Day, Esq. author of several publications,

among

among which the work on education intituled Sandford and Merton is perhaps most generally known; John Howard," the Philanthropist."

Newington Green, situated to the south west of the village, forms a square of highly respectable houses, three sides of which, together with the ground enclosed in the centre, are in the parish of Islington.* The north side is in this parish, and here is a meeting-house, which was built in the year 1708, and is at present used by Unitarian Dissenters.

On the west of the London Road, is a small hamlet, known by the name of the Palatine Houses. It appears that about six acres of land on this spot were given to the parish, by an unknown person, at an early period. When great numbers of the Palatines, and other Germans, fled to England in the year 1709, to avoid the calamities of war, and the oppressive exac tions of the French, the parish of Newington built four houses on this land, for the reception of as many distressed families. From this circumstance the hamlet, if so it may be termed, derives its present appellation. In the year 1710, the land was let on a lease of 99 years, at 81. per annum. Since the expiration of this lease, the estate has been re-let, and now produces a yearly income of 3001.

The Parish Church is a respectable structure, with a square lower at the west end; and was repaired, with additions, or, according to Stow," rather rebuilded," by William Patten, lessee of the manor, in 1563. Over the north door is the date of this reparation, with the words Ab alto. Above the door of a chapel on the same side, are the arms of Mr. Patten, between the two letters forming the initials of his name. The church was again enlarged in the years 1716, and 1723; and, in 1806, it underwent a thorough repair, at which time the outside was covered with cement to imitate stone, and the inside was em bellished and newly-paved.

PART IV.

R

The

In our account of Islington see a notice of this part of Newington Green.

The interior is divided into a chancel, nave, and two aisles, The east window is ornamented with some good painted glass, brought from the continent, and purchased by Jonathan Eade, Esq. who presented it to the parish in 1806. On the south. wall of the chancel is the handsome marble monument of Jöhn Dudley, Esq. who died in 1580. The effigies of the deceased (in armour) and of his widow, who afterwards married Mr. Sutton, the founder of the Charter-house, are represented in two compartments formed by pillars of the Corinthian order. This monument has lately been repaired, in consequence of a subscription for that purpose among several gentlemen educated at the Charter-house.

On the north wall of the chancel is a well-executed monument, by Banks, to the memory of Sir John Hartopp, Bart. who died in 1762, and several of his family. A gravestone in the nave preserves the memory of Mrs. Sophia Standerwick, grand-daughter of Daniel Defoe, who died in 1787, at the age of 62.

Among the tombs in the church-yard is one erected by the late William Pickett, Esq. Goldsmith and Alderman of London, to various members of his family. Mr. Pickett is also himself buried here; and the inscriptions to his son and daughter, record two melancholy facts: "Lieutenant William Pickett, of the Hon. East India-company's service, was slain by Pirates, on board the Triton, in the Bay of Bengal, 29th of Jan. 1796, aged 36." Elizabeth Pickett « died Dec. 11th, 1781, in con. sequence of her clothes taking fire the preceding evening.”

Besides the meeting-house noticed as standing at Newing ton Green, there is in this parish a place of worship for Dis senters, erected about the year 1700. A meeting-house fur Calvinistic Methodists has been opened recently..

Here is a parochial Charity School for 25 boys and the same number of Girls, who are decently clothed, and are educated in the principles of the established church. The charges are

adefrayed

defrayed by various bequests, aided by voluntary contributions and by collections at Charity Sermons.

Twenty poor girls are clothed and instructed in a school supported by a subscription among the Dissenters.

Kingsland and Newington Day and Sunday Schools were instituted in the year 1808. About 100 children are admitted to the day school, and are educated on the plan of the British and Foreign School Society (late Lancaster's). It is proposed to enlarge the buildings as soon as a sufficient fund shall be raised for that purpose, there being at present numerous applications for admission, which cannot meet with attention on acu count of the want of room. The expenses are defrayed by vo luntary subscription.

There is, also, a Charity School, containing between 20 and: 30 children, for daughters of the people termed Quakers.

The extensive and thickly-populated parish of..

HACKNEY

is bounded towards the east by Bethnal-green and Stratfordbow; on the north-east it meets the three Essex parishes termed Low-Layton, Wanstead, and Walthamstow. From Stamford-hill, it proceeds along the London road, comprising parts of Newington and Kingsland. Towards the south it meets the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch.

According to Mr. Lysons the circumference of this district is upwards of eleven miles; and it appears, by an accurate survey of the parish, taken about eight years back, that it con. tains 3227 a. 1 r. 3 p.; of these about 580 are arable; about 1570 under grass (including the marsh, which contains 365 acres); about 110 occupied by market-gardeners; about 40 by nurserymen; and nearly 170 in brick fields. The grass

The brick-earth in the neighbourhood of Kingsland is of so desirable a ¿quality that an annual rent of 5004. per acre has been given for the privilege of

making

land is chiefly occupied by cow-keepers, who milk about 350

In the parish of Hackney are comprised the nominal hamlets of Clapton (Upper and Lower); Homerton; Dalston; Shacklewell; the greater portion of Kingsland; and that part of Newington which lies on the eastern side of the high-road. But modern Hackney, considered as an assemblage of dwellings, is quite united to Homerton and Lower Clapton on the east and north, and is nearly joined by rows of buildings (many of which want tenants) to the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch.

There are several manors within the parish of Hackney. The principal of these is termed the Lord's-hold, and was attached to the Bishopric of London until the year 1550, when it was surrendered to the crown by Bishop Ridley. In the following year it was granted by the King to Lord Wentworth; and it continued in the Wentworth family until 1652. To wards the end of the 17th century it was purchased by Francis Tyssen, Esq. and is now the property of F. Daniel Tyssen, Esq. Lands in this manor, and in that of King's-hold, descend according to the custom of Gavel-kind.

The manor now termed King's-hold formerly belonged to the Knights-templars; and, after the Dissolution of that order, was granted in common with their other possessions, to the monastery, of St. John of Jerusalem. On the dissolution of the latter order the estate appears to have been granted to Henry Earl of Northumberland; but on the death of that nobleman it reverted to the crown, since which period it has been uniformly known

by

making bricks. After the clay is exhausted, many fields (with the help of the manure so abundantly supplied by the metropolis) are placed in a state of profitable cultivation. See further particulars concerning the brick-fields near Kingsland road, in volume I. of this Account of London and Middlesex, p. 7.

Environs of London, Vol. II. p. 294. The number of cows in this statement appears to be much under-rated. Mr. Foot, in the Agricultural Survey of Middlesex, supposes there to be 600 cows kept in Hackney.