Colonies. VINTAGE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.-The acreage now cultivated with vines in this colony is, 6,364 acres; during the past five years the area has doubled. Up to last season the proportion of bearing vines to those not yet productive was nearly equal; the present returns show 459,609 vines in bearing to 2,831,971 unproductive. Only a short period has to elapse before the whole of the extensive vineyards planted during the past few years will be in full bearing, so that the annual production will be annually augmented. Already the figures are high, for the vintage of the present season cannot be estimated at less than 1,000,000 gallons. That of last year was 798,647 gallons; that of 1863, 604,305 gallons. The home consumption is large, but it would be satisfactory to find a demand in a foreign market, which has not at present been the case, the exports of the year amounting to only 20,674 gallons, or 7,031 gallons less than in 1863. LIVE STOCK IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. The live stock returns show an additional number of horses and sheep, but a large reduction in the number of cattle. Owing to the protracted drought in the far north it was difficult to make the returns. The number of horses is returned as 62,899, or 3,891 more than last year; 643 horses, valued at £10.996, were exported during the year. As showing the importance of this trade, it may be stated that during the past five years 3,224 horses have been shipped, chiefly to India, of a total declared value of £69,748. The total number of sheep depastured was 4,106,820, or 214,580 additional, showing an increase of 5 per cent. upon last year. During the twelve months 186,526 sheep were exported overland to the neighbouring colonies in excess of the imports, or 21,259 more than in 1863. Obituary. There J. G. APPOLD, F.R.S., died on the 31st August, at and men of science for his great ingenuity as an amateur Clifton. Mr. Appold was well known among engineers features of the Great Exhibitions, both in 1851 and 1862. mechanician. His centrifugal pumps formed striking He shared with Mr. Hawkshaw the credit of first suggesting the use of syphons for draining off the flood waters in the fen country, when the embankment there gave way some time ago, and, to a great extent, the paying-out apparatus used in laying submarine telegraphs of his cleverness as an inventor, however, were collected was his contrivance. Some of the most remarkable proofs in his own house and the works adjoining it. doors opened as you approached them, and closed after everything that could be made so was automatic. The you had entered; water came unbidden into the basins, when the gas was lighted the shutters closed; a selffalling above or below certain fixed points; and the air acting thermometer prevented the temperature rising or supplied for ventilation was both washed to cool it and screened to cleanse it from blacks. Even the gates of his and closed again without slamming. Mr. Appold was a stableyard opened of themselves as he drove through, dresser of furs by a secret process, which he practised successfully for many years. He was elected a member of the Society of Arts in 1853, and took much interest in its proceedings. Notes. PUBLIC WORKS IN FRANCE.-It appears from officia WATER SUPPLY IN VICTORIA.-A measure has been returns that the great viaducts constructed on the lines of recently brought before the Colonial Parliament for sup- the French railways form a total of more than seven plying the country districts of the colony with water. leagues in length. That of Meudon, which is about 150 For several years the metropolis and suburbs have had yards long and 100 feet high, cost £22,400. The viaduct an abundant supply of good water from the Yan Yearn of Chaumont, on the Eastern line, cost £232,035; that of reservoir, which was constructed at a cost of £800,000 to Mirville, on the Western Railway, £92,025; and that of £900,000, and is capable of containing 25,000,000 cubic Brunoy, Lyons line, £60,400. The tunnels are said to be yards of water. Little or nothing, however, has been more than 300 in number and to exceed 37 leagues in done to extend similar advantages to other parts of the total length. The longest tunnel in France is that of La colony, which have experienced much inconvenience, and Nerthe, on the Lyons and Mediterranean Railway, near this has been more than usually felt during the past Marseilles, which cost £420,000; that of the Credo, summer owing to the long drought. The annual rainfall between Lyons and Geneva, cost £260,000. The total is quite sufficient to furnish the colony with enough water cost of the whole of the viaducts, bridges, and tunnels on for all purposes all the year round, but as the rain chiefly the French lines is given at £17,307,278. The new park falls in winter months it is necessary to store it. Nature of the Buttes Chaumont, mentioned in the Journal of the has afforded excellent facilities for storage, and the chief 4th inst., is proceeding rapidly towards completion. It is merit of the scheme submitted by the Minister of Mines said that a million and a-half of trees and shrubs will be is to turn these facilities to account by the construction required for its plantation. In the same neighbourhood of dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts. It is an extensive plan, will be the new reservoirs for the supply of the higher embracing all parts of the colony except Gipps Land. parts of the city with water, and the new cattle market Upwards of twenty distinct works are contemplated. The and general abattoirs. There are said to be 50,000 men, estimated cost of the whole work is about £1,200,000. 6,000 horses, 20 locomotives, and 500 waggons now As an example of the nature of the works and the quan- employed on these various undertakings. An important tity of water it is intended to store, and to be in a position work, and one that has been long required, is now going to supply the different localities, the works contemplated on between the Rue Richelieu and the Rue St. Honoré, for the town of Geelong may be instanced. The popula- namely, the formation of a square in front of the Théâtre tion of Geelong is about 25,000 inhabitants. The reser-Français, three of the most miserable streets in Paris, the voirs to be constructed are to be capable of containing Rue du Rempart, the Rue Jeannisson, and the Rue 1,000,000,000 gallons, the area of the watershed 11,000 acres, and the quantity to be supplied per diem is 1,000,000 gallons, the approximate cost of the works being £15,000. The largest work projected is the Cobban scheme, from the circumstance that the supply of water is principally obtained from that river. It will benefit a large mining and agricultural district, the population of which is 62,000. Reservoirs are to be constructed capable of containing 4,000,000,000 gallons, the area of the watershed being 64,000 acres. The quantity to be supplied per diem is 30,000,000 gallons. The estimated cost is £320,000. Fontaine Molière, as well as a number of wretched houses in the Rue St. Honoré and the Rue Richelieu, will be wholly or partially swept away by this improvement. The Rue du Rempart stands on the site of one of the ancient ramparts of the city in front of which Joan of Arc was wounded in the thigh when besieging Paris. Two large new churches, one on the Boulevard Malesherbes, and the other at the end of the Chaussée d'Antin, are rapidly approaching completion, and another church is about to be commenced on the south side of the Seine, to be called Notre Dame des Champs. The cost of the last named is estimated at £180,000. Estimates are pro verbially elastic in France as well as elsewhere, and it is whispered that the new opera house, which was to cost about a million sterling, will absorb more than double, some say three times, that sum. RAILWAY PASSENGER SIGNALS.-The French Minister of Commerce and Public Works recently issued a circular to the directors of all the railways in France on the subject of establishing signals for the security of travellers on railways, and it is said that, from the commencement of the coming year, all the carriages of every passenger train will be placed in communication with each other, and, consequently, with the conductors of the train. It is also said that mixed trains, to carry merchandise as well as travellers at reduced fares, are in contemplation. CONSUMPTION OF RABBITS.-It is stated in a work of importance, the Encyclopédie Pratique de l'Agriculture, that the number of rabbits sent to the markets of Paris, which in 1845 only amounted to 177,000 heads, had risen in 1863 to two millions. Taking the consumption of Paris, according to the established rule, at one-thirtieth of that of the whole of France, the number of rabbits consumed must be set down at something like fifty-seven millions per annum. Official documents fix the average price of rabbits at rather more than two francs per head, so that the total value must be above four and a half millions sterling per annum, and that of the skins is set down at another quarter of a million. Patents. From Commissioners of Patents Journal, September 8th. Astronomical phenomena, illustrating-2139-J. L. Naish. Bricks and blocks-2068-J. W. Sumner and C. A. Scott. Calf skins, &c., reducing the thickness of-2136-W. E. Gedge. China grass and flax, cleaning-2078-J. Faren. China grass, &c., treating of-2114-J. Ingram and J. Culpan. Colouring matters, preparation of-1947-P. A. F. Bobœuf. Cotton, sizing, drying, and beaming yarns of-2022-J. Gaukroger and J. Dodgeon. Diseases of the stomach, &c., cure for-2123-O. Laurence. Fibre, manufacture of straw of rye, &c., into-2171-E. H. C. Fire-arms-2050-W. C. Dodge. Fire-arms, breech-loading-2030-T. W. Webley. Fluids, apparatus for preserving and discharging-2096-R. A. W. Flying fish," a toy or game called-2145-G. Whitford. Furnaces, steam boiler and other-2158-J. Lockwood. Galvanic batteries for giving alarm of fire, constant-2144-J. S. Watson, A. Horwood, and C. Brumfit. Gas burners-1968-F. Kup. Gas burners -2994-H. Woodward. Glass, ornamentation of-2038-J. H. Johnson. Grass, &c., drying-1963-B. Latham and R. Campbell. Guns-2014-H. D. P. Cunningham. Hair, machinery for brushing-2058-S. Middleton. Heating or evaporating-2072-T. F. Henley. Hemp, &c., dyeing and preparing-2129-G. H. Smith. Hollow articles in earth, &c., moulding-2084-R. W. Armstrong. Hoops and tyres-1975-J. Ramsbottom. Iron and steel wire or rods, furnace for annealing-2166-J. H. Scott. Iron, plate or sheet-2012-E. Sabel. Locks, burglar-proof-2092-W. E. Newton. Lubricating compounds, preparing-2118-W. West. Measurements, apparatus for taking-2112-W. Clark. Musical instrument, keyed-2034-H. C. Baudet. Paper bags-2116-J. H. Johnson. Stair rods-2077-T. Allcock. Sewing machines-2165-H. Willis and G. Rice. INVENTIONS WITH COMPLETE SPECIFICATIONS FILED. Improved Back Guide-August 29-4738-John and Samuel Smith Low Bridge Mill, Keighley, Yorkshire. Bar of Soap-September 5-4739-Whitaker and Grossmith, 159, Fore-street, City-road. Feeding Trough-September 11-1740-J. Dean, Woodstock. Paint and protective coating, composition suitable for-2163-J. G. Liquor Glass and Wine Glass-September 12-4741-Barrett 15 Packing cases or boxes-2141-J. Hope. Avery. Mackenzie, Birmingham. Journal of the Society of Arts, AND OF THE INSTITUTIONS IN UNION. 111TH SESSION.] FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1865. [No. 670. VOL. XIII. Proceedings of the Society. MUSICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE. The following information, relating to the state of Musical Education in Italy, has been received through Her Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs :— ROYAL MUSICAL INSTITUTE OF FLORENCE. The following is a translation of an account of this Institution kindly furnished by its President: The foundation of the Royal Musical Institute of Florence is recent. It was set on foot on the 15th March, 1860, and at the beginning of the year 1862 it was opened for public instruction. The Royal Institute is an establishment for public and gratuitous instruction in music. There are schools both for the rudiments of music and for ... 687 ... 688 instruction. According to average experience, the number may be calculated at 220 pupils, one-third females and one-third males. Detailed particulars relating to the courses are given in the rules below. The Institute has no endowment or property of its own, nor does it receive any payment from the pupils, who are gratuitously instructed. It is maintained by a grant from the state. The expenditure amounts annually to 40,694-70 lire, of which 13,672-50 lire go to pay the management exclusive of the president and director, whose office is gratuitous, and the remaining 27,022-20 lire are for the instruction. The grant for apparatus is regulated by what is required; the average has been 14,300 lire. In this is not reckoned the rent of the place where the Institute is held, this being state property. The following are the rules of the Royal Musical Institute at Florence:— CHAPTER I. The Institute is established to teach, singly and colmusical reading, for solfeggio, for solo and part-singing, lectively, all the pupils of the Institute. It is intended that it should be opened periodically to all musical comfor keyed, stringed, and wind instruments; lastly, there are schools for thorough bass, for counterpoint, and for compo- posers; that it should maintain a library of music for the use of the public, especially artists; that it should grant sition, and a school of æsthetics and musical history. Students of both sexes have thus an opportunity of obtain-rewards to deserving artists; that the best works of modern ing in this Institute a complete musical education in every branch of the art; besides which, for the more advanced pupils, there are added periodical exercises in orchestral music, both instrumental and vocal. The pupils do not reside in the Institution, but live in their own houses, and come to the Institution only to receive instruction in the different schools, and totake part in the musical classes. The admission of pupils, and their removal from one class to another, depends on examination; and, previous to the grant of the diplomas, the pupils who have finished their course are subjected to a strict examination. The Institute is under the direction and government of a president, assisted by three professors, who form what is called a Council of Management. The Institute possesses a musical library, composed of selected music, and books relating to musical literature. The Academy is composed of resident, corresponding, and honorary members. The Examiners are chosen from the resident members of the Academy, as are also the three members of the council of management; these latter are elected triennially. The number of pupils is not limited, being in practice regulated by the applications for admission, the result of the examinations, and the means available for imparting should comprise a section for administration and direction; and ancient masters should be performed there; that it also one for instruction; and a musical academy. At the head of the Institution is a president, a secretary, and a committee formed from the academy. There are under the orders of the secretary, for the service of the sub-officers and others appointed by the president, and Institute. cians, appointed by the Minister of Public Instruction from amongst those who are not instructors in the academy. Their power is only corporate; they are elected triennially. There are also three supplementary councillors, in case of illness. The council is the judge in all examinations for admissions, &c. They receive an annual stipend. CHAPTER III.-ON INSTRUCTION. Section 1.-Schools or Classes. 1. History of music and aesthetics as applied to music. This class has a master with the title of professor. 2. Harmony, counterpoint, and composition. A master with an assistant. 3. Accompaniment from a figured bass and from score. Has a master. Section 2.-Of Masters. 24. The masters and sub-masters are all appointed by Government, on the recommendation of the president. 25. The masters are responsible for the good regulation of the classes to which they are attached, the arrangements of which have been settled by them with the president. 27. The masters and sub-masters must assist at the examination of their pupils. 28. The sub-masters and the assistants are chosen by the president from amongst the better pupils; their post is gratuitious, but if they have held it for a year they are usually paid something. 33. The pupils must behave with respect both to their colleagues and their masters, to whom they must pay implicit obedience, and conform to all the rules of the establishment. 34. Flagrant and repeated faults amongst the pupils are punished by expulsion on the sentence of the president. Section 4. 35. During the scholastic year such of the pupils as are considered competent practice concerted music. This prac tice is independent of the usual classes, and is as follows:For bowed instruments and for quartett practice, under the direction of the violin master; for wind instruments, and for the execution of good harmony, under the alternate supervision of the masters of these schools; for the school of singing in concert with or without full orchestral accompaniment. 36. Public concerts by the pupils are given at stated periods and at the end of the academical year. ROYAL CONSERVATOIRE OF MUSIC, MILAN. The Vice-President writes as follows: In answer to your letter I send you the following notices, which I hope will be a complete reply to the dispatch of the Minister, dated 16th of February, 1865. The Royal Conservatoire of Music at Milan is wholly maintained by the State. The Conservatoire gives a complete musical education, directed by 29 professors and by about 30 teachers, and a fair literary education. The musical instruction is selected from amongst the best pupils of both sexes. For the literary branch there are seven professors. There are two other professors, one of deportment, pantomime, and ballet, the other for drill. There are, besides, a librarian and copyist, a tunist of the piano, a cashier and accountant, two inspectors, a secretary, seven inspectors for the pupils, four servants, a carpenter and decorator, a messenger, two porters. These persons (except the teachers of both sexes, who receive no payment for their services) cost the Government yearly 78,600 lire. The Conservatoire instructs annually about 240 pupils of both sexes. Each year the Conservatoire turns out from 12 to 15 finished pupils of both sexes. To the pupils of both sexes who distinguished themselves the most at the yearly examinations is granted from year to year a monthly pension, arising from an endowment of 12,720 lire. For all the other requirements of the establishment the State assigns 19,868.90 lire annually. The fee which the pupils pay in each year is about 4,000 lire. servatoire, from which a more detailed account may be To this letter is added a copy of the rules of the Conobtained, and to which is added statistics for the year 1862. ROYAL COLLEGE OF MUSIC, NAPLES. The Royal Neapolitan College of Music is composed of 100 pupils boarders at free cost (besides those who pay), and of the gratuitous day school with 120 scholars. in the holidays of the free boarders the free day pupils have the right to compete at the examinations with those who pay, and the director of music and four professors of composition and part-singing, and four other 31. Fitness to pass from one class to another, or from one school to a superior one, is determined by the ex-examiners chosen by the governor of the college, together amination called "passaggio." After two failures a pupil is dismissed from the Academy. 32. To have the right to call themselves pupils of the Institute, it is necessary, at the completion of the studies, for the pupils to go through a final examination for a license; if this is well passed they are declared "Accredited Pupils of the Institute," and obtain their diploma. This gives them a preference, ceteris paribus, over others in competitions for any public employment. with the said director, are the judges. The 100 pupils are divided into fifteen different classes, according to the following proportion : Class. 1. Composition, counterpoint, part-singing, and pianoforte......... 2. Singing.... 3. Violin 4. Viola....... Pupils. 16 12 18 6 Two pupils, one from the violin class and one from the double-bass class, are instructed in the harp. The pupils who pay, have their choice of the classes, but not without considering in some degree the wants of the college. The director of music has the superintendence of all that relates to the Art, and the musical instruction of the 100 free pupils and the instruction of those who pay is intrusted to 20 professors, divided into the following classes:-Two masters of counterpoint and composition, two masters of part-singing, two masters of singing, two masters of the pianoforte, two masters of the violin, two masters of the violoncello, one master of the double-bass, one master of the harp, one master of the clarionet, one master of the flute, one master of the oboe and English horn, one master of the horn, one master of the trumpet, trombone, and ophicleide. Chamber practice is superintended by two other professors of music. The literary teaching of the pupils is entrusted to seven professors; one of ethics and logic; another of Italian literature and elocution; another of the French language; another of the Latin language, mythology, and universal history; another of the Italian language, geography, and history of their own country; another the elements of the Italian language; and the seventh, writing and arithmetic. Each year there are public trials to show the progress made by the pupils in their respective classes in composition, as well as in instrumental and vocal music; and also representations annually in the theatre of the Dramatic College, as examples for the School of Elocution; and in Passion week in the Church of St. Peter a Maiella the celebrated "Miserere" is sung by the resident as well as by the day pupils. The musical lessons are given in three days of each week; on two other days there are vocal and instrumental concerts for the exercise of the pupils and the study of classical music in the library of the college. The musical instruction of the day pupils is entrusted to a fixed number of the resident pupils, with the title and rank of masters of the day school, and they are selected from the best scholars among the resident pupils. These masters give lessons three times a week; and at other times in the week the day scholars receive lessons from six professors of music with the title of inspectors. These are divided into one for singing, another for finger instruments, another for wind instruments, another for the violoncello and double bass, another for the violin, and the sixth for the conducting of concerts. The revenue of the College is derived from two sources, one fixed and the other variable. The first consists of an annual payment from the state of 125,197 lire, of which 46,455 55 lire are paid directly from the Treasury to the masters and to others employed by the College; 55,000 lire paid in compensation for the rents of the College taken by the State; and a supplemental grant of 23,741.64 lire. The variable revenue consists of about 58,448-08 lire arising from the rents of the College, given by private persons for the foundation of four musical scholarships, abolished at different times, and since amalgamated into the present College, the rents varying according to the letting of the town and country properties. The terms of paying pupils are-monthly 38.25 lire, and they find their own board, bed, and washing. The annual expenditure includes the maintenance of the Non come fiamma che per forza è spenta, Cui nutrimento a poco a poco manca, Che senza vento in un bel colle fiocchi, Era quel che morir chiaman gli sciocchi. (F. PETRARCA, Trionfo della Morte.) terite of this participle. 1. Spenta Give the infinitive and the first person pre 2. Consume: This is a poetical licence for the sake of the rhyme. How should this word end according to grammar? 3. Se n' andò: What is the difference between this expression and simply andò? 4. Parea: Write the whole of present and the preterite tense, indicative mood, of this verb. 5. Sendo: What is the more common form of this word? II. Sveno, del re de' Dani unico figlio, Gloria e sostegno alla cadente etade, Nè vaghezza del regno, nè pietade Lo spingeva un desio d'apprender l'arte Con gloria udendo in verdi anni matura: Ma più ch' altra cagione, il mosse il zelo Non del terren, ma dell' onor del cielo. (T. TASSO, La Gerusalemme.) 1. Cinto: Give the whole present and preterite tense, indicative mood, of this participle. 2. Intepidir: What part of the verb does this word stand for in this instance? How should it otherwise be written? 3. Mosse: Write the whole present tense, indicative mood, of this verb. III. Translate into Italian : After expressing his regret that I had not been able to |