ever intense the heat in the furnace may be, it is nevertheless fully absorbed by the water in the boiler, the temperature in the chimney rarely exceeding from 650 to 700 degrees. To prevent heat going direct up the central flue, instead of first passing among the tubes, and being properly absorbed. a cast-iron bafile is suspended over the centre of the fire, just below the entrance to the flue, so that the flame is deflected and compelled to pass among the tubes before entering the chimney. These boilers are said to be very effective, while the saving in space, as compared with Cornish boilers of equal power, is considerable. GAS FROM REFUSE OF APPLES.-The Nouvelliste of Rouen announces that a great problem has been solved with respect to cheap Hghting, Messieurs Gouverneur, De Butter, and Eichelbremer, of Nogent-le-Rotrou, in the department of the Eure-et-Loire, having discovered a means of obtaining gas from the refuse of apples and pears, after the making of cider and perry, with the aid of very inexpensive apparatus, that is to say, with a portable furnace and still head, a second piece, which performs the functions of condenser, washer, and purifier of the gas, and a gasometer. Each charge yields five hundred litres, or half a cubic mètre of gas, or at the rate of a hundred and seventy mètres per ton of the refuse. The heat required for the distillation is said to be 200° centigrade, or just one-sixth of that required for coals. The advantages claimed for the gas are, that it does not contain sulphur, burns without any odour, has no effect on paint or gilt work, and possesses more illuminating power than coal gas. It is said that several manufacturers in the Eure-etLoire have already availed themselves of the invention, and that the farmers are delighted with the prospects of converting the apple and pear trash, a most unpleasant and hitherto useless refuse, into gas or money. The invention, if successful as stated, will doubtless be turned to account, Commerce. COMMERCE OF FRANCE.-The returns published for the first half of the current year show an increase in the total amount of imports, the figures being equal to £50,446,440 for 1865, against £47,296,600 in 1864, and £47,300,800 in 1863. Cotton represents £7,508,320; silk, £4,326,640. The exports for the half-year are equal to £55,316,160, being £2,789,280 less than during the first half of last year, but superior to those of 1863, or any former year. The chief items in the list of exports are silks, £6,580,000; woollens, £6,040,000; wine, £4,980,000. - TOBACCO IN FRANCE. The revenue derived from tobacco in France forms, as in England, one of the most important items in the national accounts. The official returns for 1862, which have recently been published, show a net profit on that article approaching seven millions sterling. The amount sold was 28,300 tons, of which one-third was in the form of snuff, the quantity consumed per head on the average for the whole population being rather over a pound and a half. In some districts it amounted to nearly five pounds per head, while in others it did not exceed ten ounces. The whole of the manufacture is conducted by the Government, which has nineteen establishments; eight directions for the reception and storing of the foreign raw material—at Lille, Strasburg, Havre, Morlaix, Bordeaux, Tonning, Nice, and Marseilles; seven manufactories-at Paris, Bercy, Dieppe, Nantes, Châteauroux, Lyons, and Toulouse; and three establishments for the superintendence and storing of home-grown tobacco at Metz, Vesoul, Cahors, and Algiers. The gross amount which passed thorugh the Government manufactories during the year above named was nearly a hundred thousand tons. The capital employed in buildings, machinery, plant, and utensils of the Government establishments is given at £1,160,000, the average working expenses at £168,148 per annum. The dust produced in the factories is sold for purposes of fumigation, the powder being mixed with water in which streets of coarse absorbent paper are steeped, and afterwards rolled and partially dried; when required for use they are laid upon the plate of a stove, in hot-houses or other places infected with insects. The tobacco water is used by cultivators as a means of stimulating the soil. A great deal of science and care is employed in the manufacture of tobacco in France, and the young men employed in the superior processes are drawn exclusively from the Polytechnic school. SUPERIOR SCHOOL OF COMMERCE, PARIS.-The ancual examination of this new and excellent establishment, which has already been mentioned in the Journal, has just taken place, and the medals distributed by M. Boureuille, Secretary-General to the Minister of Commerce, who was prevented being present. The president was supported by the members of the council appointed to watch over the progress and study the means of improving the arrangements of the school, amongst whom were Messieurs Michel Chevalier, Emile Pèreire, Wolowski, Pelligot, Persoz, Arles Dufour, and other well known names. In his address, M. Boureuille said that the administration had, under instructions from the Emperor commenced a rigorous inquiry into the condition of professional instruction in France, that in that inquiry commerce had not been forgotten, and that the report of the commission on the new school was highly favourable. The school is not yet large, the number of diplomas granted this year being only eight, and of the medals also eight, but its importance is not to be measured, at present at any rate, by the number of its scholars. Amongst the awards were a gold and a silver medal of honour given to the school by Prince Napoleon; the rest are furnished by the government. All the medallists were from the departments. Only two diplomas were granted to natives of Paris, one to a Bulgarian, another to a Greek, and a third to a Belgian. Colonies. EXHIBITION IN VICTORIA.-The holding of a series of exhibitions of industry and art appears to be contemplated in this colony. It is proposed that the inaugural exhibition shall take place in Melbourne early next year, and a resolution in favour of granting a sum in aid of the project has been passed by the Legislative Assembly. TOBACCO IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Some very fine specimens of tobacco, grown on a farm at Dandenong, have been forwarded to Melbourne for inspection. The appli cation of guano has caused the leaves to attain quite an extraordinary size. The length of the longest leat grown on the Experimental Farm is stated at 2ft. 2in. The specimens contain leaves measuring 2ft. 9in. POST-OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS IN AUSTRALIA.-Among the measures before the colonial parliament is a bill to amend the post-office law. The object of it is to create post-office savings banks. Already there are 55 offices, in connection with which savings banks may be forthwith established. Deposits of 6d. and upwards will be received and interest allowed at 4 per cent. CONDITION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.-Messrs. S. W. Silver and Co.'s special correspondent in South Australia, writes as follows:-Adelaide, April 27th, 1865With one or two exceptions, all classes in South Australis are in a condition of high prosperity. The farmers have been blessed with two consecutive years of good crops, coupled with high prices. The great mines of Yorke and Peninsula-the Wallaroo aud Moonta-have continued to yield in undiminished quantity, and several other mines of smaller importance are adding their contribution to our exports. Trade in Adelaide is sound and active, and to carry on their various industries labour is in brisk demand. All efficient emigrants are very rapidly drawn into em-cession has been promised by the Home Government upon ployment, and it has been resolved by Parliament to permanent provision being made by the Sydney Mint. double the number of emigrants introduced at the public In the course of the debate on the second reading of the expense. The revenue at present accruing to Govern- bill in the Assembly, doubts were expressed as to the ment is greatly in excess of expenditure, and it is estimated advantage of the colonial sovereign having a currency in will, during the present year, amount to £800,000, a sum England, as, being of greater intrinsic value than the equal to the national debt of the colony. This large re- English sovereign, they were, on reaching London, melted venue is partly due to the fact that farmers are in the and transmitted to the Bank of England in bullion. land market, to invest the unusual profits of the past two SOUTH AUSTRALIAN REVENUE.-The public income of years. Crown land rates during the present year have South Australia for the year ended March 31st last, was already amounted to £118,596, whereas the annual average £830,161, the balance in hand bringing the total up to for a similar period since 1859 has been only £42,858. considerably more than £900,000. This is without borThe increase in the proceeds of Crown lands is also to be rowing the money authorised by the Loan Bill of 1864. ascribed to a policy, the soundness of which is much ques. The increase upon the year's revenue was £170,616, a tioned, that of putting up land for sale in such a manner very large sum, especially considering that the previous that the pastoral tenants of the Crown are compelled to year itself showed an increase upon its predecessor amountbuy large tracts of country to save their runs from being ing to £133,514. The increase of revenue for the year cut to pieces. These purchasers are not anxious to buy, 1865, March 31st, over and above the year ending 31st as they have to incur heavy liabilities in order to do so- March, 1864, was therefore £304,130. the Treasury does not want their money-and large slices of the public estate are thus getting alienated into a few hands. This policy would be the less to be regretted, however, if Parliament should avail itself of this opportunity to do what many people are agitating and hoping for, to do away with the Custom-house, and make Adelaide an entirely free port, in which event an immense and rapid stride in our prosperity might be reasonably expected. At present the squatters (the pastoral tenants of the Crown) are in an exceptionably depressed condition, although they still are, perhaps, on the average, the wealthiest class in the community. Their leases over a large part of the colony are falling in, and the re-valuation at which their runs are being re-let to them, amounting in many instances to ten times what they have been accustomed to pay, is astonishing them greatly, although it is not probably generally beyond what is fair to the public to demand. Over a large part of the colony they have been suffering from a very protracted drought, which has caused the death of sheep and cattle by thousands. As an incidental consequence it may be mentioned that the price of meat has risen greatly, but beef is retailed at 8d. per lb., being likely, according to good judges, to rise to 18. The want of rain has also diminished the yield of our vineyards this year, and our wine growers are hardly in a position to stand a heavy check, as home consumption is so well supplied now that the price of wine has fallen. The squatters and the wine growers are the two principal exceptions noted above to the special present prosperity of the producing classes in South Australia. The history of the colony for the past month has not been especially eventful. After a general election the fourth Parliament of South Australia has met, but, after a fortnight's session has adjourned till the 9th of May, having done little beyond voting supplies to the 30th of June, and agreeing to MONMOUTHSHIRE PRIZE SCHEME ASSOCIATION.-The increased emigration, as already noted. A commission on annual distribution of prizes provided by the iron and coal national defences has sat and taken evidence, and has re- masters of this county took place recently. The bishop commended the importation of improved artillery and of the diocese presided, whilst the prizes were distributed rifles, and the re-organisation of the volunteer force. Our by Sir Thomas Phillips, Q.C., assisted by the Mayor of government is in communication with Downing-street on Newport. The report of the Examiners showed that the subject of fresh postal arrangements with the mother education is in a flourishing condition in this county; its country, and is prepared to add £5,000 to its annual sub-prize scheme for the encouragement of elementary schools sidy to induce the ocean steamers to call at Kangaroo is extremely well supported. There were 325 candidates Island, or what would be preferred, some port on the competing; out of this number 104 failed entirely. South Australian mainland." Sixty-four £10 prizes were distributed in money, whilst 134 books were awarded to the most proficient scholars in religious knowledge, and 220 certificates were also distributed. All schools in the county, irrespective of their creed, were admitted to the competition. CENSUS IN AUCKLAND. -From the last census, taken on 2nd December, 1864, it appears that, exclusive of the military, both imperial and colonial, and their families, the total population of the province on the above date was 37,008 souls, of whom 15,357 were females. The number of acres fenced was 128,705. There were under cultivation 87,147 acres, of which there were in wheat, 856; oats, 3.394; barley, 154; maize, 754; potatoes, 3,459; in garden or orchard, 1,855; unsown grasses, 75,680; and in other crops, 995 acres. Of live stock the province contained 7,233 horses, 111 mules and asses, 42,120 cattle, 73,145 sheep, 3,273 goats, 12,936 pigs, and 104,564 poultry. The number of military settlers and their families in the province of Auckland weremales, 4,035; females, 1089; total, 5,124; making the total population of the province when the census was taken, males, 25,686; females, 16,446; total, 43,132 souls. THE MURRAY DUTIES.-This question has excited considerable discussion of late in South Auckland, the government of New South Wales having, it is said, most abruptly terminated the engagement with that colony, and entered into negotiations with the government of Victoria respecting the collection of duties on goods passing up the Murray into the other colonies. The inhabitants of South Australia have also spoken strongly on the discourtesy thus shown to South Australia; and the Adelaide Chamber of Commerce have also, through the government, remonstrated with the government of the adjoining eastern colonies. WINE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.-A large quantity of excellent wine is expected here this year. The produce, however, of 7,000 acres of grapes is far beyond the consumption of the colony. Vine growers are divided in o inion as to free distillation, but it is the general opinion that without that concession the large capital invested in South Australian vineyards cannot be remunerative. THE SYDNEY MINT BILL-making permanent provision for the establishment of the Sydney Mint-has passed through the Colonial Parliament. The object of the measure is to enable the gold coin of the colony to be made a legal tender in the United Kingdom, which con Notes. FRENCH RURAL EDUCATION.-Frotey-lez-Vesoul, a small place near Vesoul, in the Haute Saone, has the honour of being the first rural commune in France to establish competitions in education and agriculture and the public distribution of prizes in its schools. The society which has taken this work in hand is called the Academy of Frotey, and aims at the establishment of a model commune, and further at aiding, by all the means in its power, the efforts of the minister of public instruction towards creating prizes to be distributed annually in all the village schools in the empire, and in establishing annual competitions between the primary schools of each canton. One of these annual competitions is announced to take place on the twentieth of August, between the schools of Frotey and the seven adjoining cantons, and a fête took place at the Pré Catelan, in the Bois de Boulogne, on the 30th July, in aid of the funds of this benevolent society. The Emperor, in order to encourage the efforts of the Academy of Frotey, has placed a gold medal at its disposition, accompanied by a note, expressing his Majesty's approval and good wishes respecting the objects of the society. INSECT DESTROYERS.-The subject of the protection of small birds in the interest of the farmer has of late attracted as much attention in France as in England, and the following is the estimate of a French writer npon the subject: In former times, before such incessant and unmerciful war was waged against thrushes, blackbirds, nightingales, larks, tom tits, robins, finches, linnets, wrens, &c., it was calculated that there were ten thousand nests on the average to every square league of ground, and that there were on the whole about four eggs to each nest; further, that the parent bird ate about sixty caterpillars and gave a quarter of that number to each of its young per day, making a total of a hundred and twenty insects destroyed, or about thirty-six millions per month. Can anyone imagine the amount of mischief which would have been done by these millions of caterpillars to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of our trees; to all our kitchen-garden produce, and our ornamental shrubs and flowers?" The statistics of the case may be open to cavil, but there can be no doubt about the soundness of the inference in favour of these feathered friends of the farmer, the gardener, the florist, and the world at large. TECHNICAL FEMALE EDUCATION.-An excellent society has been in operation for some time in Paris, which has for its object the giving sound elementary and professional instruction to girls, and at the same time the preserving them from the dangers and inconveniences of the workshop. The founders of this philanthropic establishment are ladies, the wives of M. Jules Simon and other gentlemen, whose efforts on behalf of the working classes are well known. The society has already two establmishents in Paris, one in the Rue du Val Sainte Catherine, and the other in the Rue Rochechouart, and contemplates opening others in the metropolis as well as in the great manufacturing towns in the departments, as soon as its funds will permit. Each establishment unites the school and the workshop under the same roof. Pupils are admitted from the age of twelve years, without any distinction as regards creed, but a course of moral instruction forms part of the system. The morning is given to study, and the afternoon to work. The latter section is divided into five groups-commerce, fabrication of garments, linen work, industrial design, and wood engraving. Each pupil has to pay ten francs a month, and prizes in money are distributed after the examinations. When the pupils have passed through the schools they are still protected by the society, which occupies itself with providing work for them, either in families or in respectable places of business. There are at the present time two hundred young girls in the establishments. The whole is supported by voluntary subscription; each founder pays a single sum equal to ten pounds; a titular member £1 a year; and subscribers what sums they think fit. This society has been formed without ostentation and without pubcity, and is, beyond question, one of the most useful institutions which have sprung up in Paris by voluntary subscription. COST OF CLEANING THE STREETS OF PARIS. The sweeping of the macadamized roads costs £33,680 a year; the cleaning of the paved ways £91,000, of which £3,120 goes for materials, £20,400 for carting away the dirt, and the rest in paying the sweepers, who consist of women as well as men. The expenses of management and superin. tendence are £10,400. Total expenditure, £135,080. THE SARDINE FISHERY.-This industry is one of con siderable importance on certain parts of the French and Italian coast. A letter addressed to the Phare de la Loire, from Douarnenez in the department of Finistère, in the last week of July, announced the appearance of these little fish, and states that the average take had since been from five to six thousand sardines per boat. Patents. From Commissioners of Patents Journal, August 4th. GRANTS OF PROVISIONAL PROTECTION. Boots and shoes, cuttings the soles of-1868-J. P. Wint. Carriages, springs for railroad and other-1860-J. C. Walker. Cruet frames-1848-J. B. Chatterley. Dovetails for joiners, machinery for cutting-1671-W. Roberts. Fire-arms, breech-loading, and cartridges for-1750-W. E. Newton. Foods for animals, preparation and preservation of-1857-R. V. Tussa. Flax for scutching, treating and preparing-1828-G. Firmin. Lifts for raising passengers, &c., to upper floors of hotels-1822-D. Cowan. Light for photographic and other purposes-653-P. Carlevaris. Fulton. Mattresses, &c., material for stuffing-1800-T. F. Henley Puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals, furnaces for-1882Pumps-1864-R. A. Brooman. D. Caddick. Rails for railways and tramways, connecting-1878-C. Henderson. 1593-W. J. Hixon. Skelps for iron or steel tubes-1858-S. Hingley. Weaving, looms for-1876-M. Knowles. INVENTION WITH COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FILED. Hats-1971-T. D. Stetsen. 325. R. A. Brooman. 339. A. 1. L. Gordon. 345. J. Lake. 360. R. A. Brooman. 367. M. Peck. 368. J. P. Lindsay. PATENTS SEALED. 374. E. Leigh. 382. H. Emanuel. 385. G. C. and J. B. Haseler. 386. J. and J. Porter. 387. C.Atherton & A.H.Bento. 391. W. Crookes. 427. S. R. Freeman & A. Grundy. 457. W. Clark. 1218. W. E. Newton. 1219. W. E. Newton. Announcements by the Council. PROGRAMME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR 1865. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. 631 631 631 ... 632 Educational Board connected with the Society of Arts is willing to make the requisite arrangements. V. For a list of the Local Boards already formed, see page 624. VI. For instructions as to the formation of Local Boards and their duties, see page 617. The EXAMINATIONS are twofold (1.) The Previous Examinations by District Unions and Local Boards for persons of any age not under 12. (2.) The Final Examination by the Society of Arts Board of Examiners, under the supervision of the Local Boards, for persons of any age not under 16. 1. The Examinations described herein have been established for the benefit of the members and students of Institutions in Union with the Society of Arts. Such persons are commonly mechanics, artisans, soldiers,* labourers, clerks, tradesmen and farmers in a small way of business, apprentices, sons and daughters of tradesmen and farmers, assistants in shops, and others, of various occupations, who are not graduates, undergraduates, nor students of a University, nor following nor intending to follow a learned profession, nor enjoying nor having enjoyed a liberal PREVIOUS EXAMINATIONS BY DISTRICT UNIONS education. To all such members and students, and persons of the like condition, male and female, not being nor having been professional teachers or pupil teachers, the Examinations, certificates, and prizes, described in this programme, are open on the general conditions stated herein. Persons who are, or have been, professional teachers, or pupil teachers, may obtain certificates, but cannot compete for prizes.† II. The certificates are not competed for. They are awarded as records of positive not comparative attainment. The prizes are competed for. III. For the conditions on which persons of a higher grade in society may be examined and receive certificates, but not compete for prizes, see par. 10 (D). IV. The candidates for Examination have not to go to a distance from their homes. The examinations are held in all places in the United Kingdom where a Local The following circular memorandum (Gen. No. 331), addressed to the army at home, has been issued:-" Miscellaneous 1 (1865).—The Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief desires it to be notified that there will be no objection to soldiers, their wives, and families, being permitted to present themselves for instruction and examination at the Educational Institutes in connection with the Society of Arts, on the understanding that they are not on that account to be exempted from any military duty, nor, except in special cases, to be out of barracks after watch-setting or tattoo.-By command of his Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, JAMES YORKE SCARLETT, Adj. Gen.-Horse Guards, S. W., 11th March, 1865." AND LOCAL BOARDS. 1. These are intended to serve two purposes:— (1st.) To "sift" the Candidates for the Final Examination, so as to keep back those who, not being yet fairly grounded in the elements of education-spelling, writing, and arithmetic-nor fairly acquainted with the subject or subjects in which they desire to be examined by the tion. The sifting in elementary subjects may be effected Society of Arts, are unlikely to succeed in that Examinain any mode at the discretion of the Local Boards; but they are recommended (for the sake of convenience and uniformity) to adopt the "Scheme of Elementary Examinations" given below. The best mode of sifting the Candidates in the subjects in which they desire to be examined by the Society of Arts is for the Local Boards to examine them therein by means of printed (or written) questions and written answers; but, where a Local Board finds itself without the means of conveniently holding such an Examination in any special subject, such Board may satisfy itself in any other mode, and state simply that it has satisfied itself, that the Candidate is fit to be examined by the Central Board in that subject. 2. (2nd.) To encourage and lead on those who, from the insufficiency of their age or of their elementary knowledge, are not yet qualified for admission to the Final Except in some special cases where prizes are expressly offered by local bodies to pupil teachers. Examination of the Society of Arts, but desire to obtain | Examination papers will be forwarded to the Secretary minor certificates from the District Unions and Local of the Board, but must of course be kept secret from the Boards. candidates until the time of the Examination.* 3. The beneficial effect of such Examinations in elementary knowledge is greatly enhanced where prizes are offered by the District Unions and Local Boards to be competed for by the Candidates. SCHEME OF ELEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS FOR 1866. 4. This scheme has been agreed on by the representatives of the District Unions in connexion with the Society of Arts, and presents therefore the advantages of a common standard of uniform Examination Papers, and of common forms of Certificate to be granted by the various District Unions and Local Boards. 5. It is in two grades, and the Candidates should be allowed to select either grade at their discretion. LOWER GRADE. 1. Every candidate must be examined in the first four rules of Arithmetic, simple and compound. 2. Female candidates must also be examined in plain needlework. 3. Male candidates must also be examined in one at least of the three following subjects: A. A General knowledge of the Gospel History. C. The rudiments of the Geography of England. 4. Fairly good writing and spelling, with good reading of a simple narrative, will also be required. 5. A satisfactory examination will entitle the candidate to a certificate from the District Union or Local Board. HIGHER GRADE. 1. Every candidate must be examined in Arithmetic, in. cluding the Rule of Three, Decimal and Vulgar Fractions. 2. Every female candidate must also show proficiency in needle-work. 3. Male candidates must also be examined in one at least of the three following subjects: A. The facts of St. Matthew's Gospel and the Acts of the B. A General knowledge of English History, and especially C. The Geography of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. A fairly good handwriting, spelling, and knowledge of grammar will also be required. 5. A satisfactory examination will entitle the candidate to a certificate from the District Union or Local Board. 6. These Examinations must, in 1866, be held on the 13th and 14th March, after three o'clock, p.m. 7. The Secretary of each District Union and Local Board desiring to use the Elementary Examination papers,* and the Forms of Certificate, provided for common use, must apply for them to the Secretary of the Society of Arts, before the 13th of February, stating the number of male and female candidates respectively in each grade. The 8. When the Previous Examinations are completed, & return, in the following form, must be made to the Secretary of the Society of Arts, who will then forward the proper number of blank Forms of Certificate to be awarded by the Local Board :— ELEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS, 1866. Name of Board or District Union. } No. of Centres HIGHER GRADE. LOWER GRADE. Examined. Passed. Examined. Passed. Males.......... Totals FINAL EXAMINATION BY THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. 9. No Candidate can be admitted to the Final Examination without a Certificate or Pass from a District Union or Local Board, before which he or she has passed a Previous Examination. 10. Every admitted Candidate must be at least 16 years of age. (A.) Members of, or students of classes in, In- (B.) Members of, or students of classes in, Small ... Free. Free. 2s. 6d. (C.) Members of, or students of classes in, thi 11. Candidates coming under the head (D.), as well as Professional Teachers and Pupil Teachers, though they may receive certificates, cannot compete for prizes. 12. A copy of Form No. 2 will be forwarded, on the 1st March, to the Secretary of each Local Board. and must be filled up and returned to the Secretary of the Society of Arts before the 20th March. The re quisite number of forms No. 4 will then be for warded, and these, when filled up, must be returned not later than the 2nd of April. Each of these forms. when returned, will be numbered at the office of the * The uniform Examination Papers afford a common standard of examination; and, to promote uniformity in the application of that standard, special copies of the examination papers, with the number of marks to be awarded for a complete answer to each question, will be printed for the use of the examiners alone. Thus, suppose that in a paper there are twelve questions, and that the aggregate number of marks assigned to the paper is 120; the number of marks placed opposite to each of the questions will depend upon their relative difficulty, and the proportion of these marks given by the examiner for the answer *In any case in which a Local Examining Body may exof any candidate will depend upon its accuracy and complete- amine candidates in the doctrines of Holy Scripture, in the ness. Supposing a perfect answer to a question to be set down Prayer Book, or in any other religious formulary, the results of as worth 20 marks, an examiner may award 20, 15, 12, or any such Examination may be stated, by that local Examining less number, according to the merit of the answer. Thus the Body, on the certificate; though the form of certificate procandidates all over the country, though their papers be tested vided for common use does not include religious doctrine. The by different examiners, will be placed as nearly as possible" Metropolitan Association for Promoting the Education of upon an equal footing. No candidate should receive a certificate who does not obtain at least 30 marks in each paper, the whole paper being worth 120 marks. In the subjects of reading, writing, spelling, and needlework, it is not thought desirable to fix any number of marks as a standard of proficiency. It is important that the same person should examine all the candidates in any one subject at any centre. Adults" announces that at its request the Bishops of London and Winchester have established collateral examinations in the Bible and Prayer Book, with certificates and prizes for those certificates of that Association who may desire to undergo examinations in such subjects. Smal! Institutions are defined as those which have an income of less than £75 a year. |