THIS Speech is, I think, the finest that is ascribed to Satan in the whole Poem. The Evil Spirit afterwards proceeds to make his Discoveries concerning our firft Parents, and to learn after what manner they may be beft attacked. His bounding over the Walls of Paradife; his fitting in the Shape of a Cormorant upon the Tree of Life, which ftood in the Center of it, and over-topped all the other Trees of the Garden; his alighting among the Herd of Animals, which are fo beautifully reprefented as playing about Adam and Eve, together with his transforming himself into different Shapes, in order to hear their Converfation, are Circumftances that give an agreeable Surprize to the Reader, and are devised with great Art, to connect that Series of Adventures in which the Poet has engaged this great Artificer of Fraud.

THE Thought of Satan's Transformation into a Cormorant, and placing himself on the Tree of Life, feems raifed upon that Paffage in the Iliad, where two Deities are described, as perching on the Top of an Oak in the fhape of Vultures.

His planting himself at the Ear of Eve under the Form of a Toad, in order to produce vain Dreams and Imaginations, is a Circumftance of the fame Nature; as his ftarting up in his own Form is wonderfully fine, both in the literal Description, and in the Moral which is concealed under it. His Anfwer upon his being discovered, and demanded to give an Account of himself, is conformable to the Pride and Intrepidity of his Character.

Know ye not then, Jaid Satan, fill'd with Scorn,
Know ye not Me? Ye knew me once no mate
For you, there fitting where you durft not foar ;
Not to know Me argues your felves unknown,
The lowest of your throng ;-

ZEPHON's Rebuke, with the Influence it had on Satan, is exquifitely Graceful and Moral. Satan is afterwards led away to Gabriel, the chief of the guardian An gels, who kept watch in Paradife. His difdainful Behaviour on this Occafion is fo remarkable a Beauty, that the most ordinary Reader cannot but take notice of it. Gabriel's

Gabriel's discovering his Approach at a Distance, is drawn with great Strength and Liveliness of Imagination.

O Friends, I hear the tread of nimble Feet
Haffning this Way, and now by glimps difcern
Ithuriel and Zephon through the shade;
And with them comes a third of Regal Port,
But faded fplendor wan; who by his gait
And fierce demeanor feems the Prince of Hell,
Not likely to part hence without conteft;
Stand firm, for in his look defiance lours.

THE Conference between Gabriel and Satan aboundi with Sentiments proper for the Occafion, and suitable to the Perfons of the two Speakers. Satan cloathing himself with Terror when he prepares for the Combat is truly fublime, and at leaft equal to Homer's Description of Discord celebrated by Longinus, or to that of Fame in Virgil, who are both reprefented with their Feet standing upon the Earth,and theirHeads reaching above the Clouds

While thus he fpake, th' Angelic Squadron bright
Turn'd fiery red, Sharpning in mooned Horns
Their Phalanx, and began to hem him round
With pointed Spears, &c.

On the other fide Satan alarm'd,

Collecting all his might dilated flood

Like Teneriff, or Atlas, unremov'd.

His Stature reach'd the Sky, and on his Creft
Sat Horrer plum'd;

I must here take notice, that Milton is every where full of Hints and fometimes literal Tranflations, taken from the greatest of the Greek and Latin Poets. But this may reserve for a Discourse by itself, because I would not break the Thread of thefe Speculations, that are defigned for English Readers, with fuch Reflections as would be of no ufe but to the Learned.

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I must however observe in this Place, that the breaking off the Combat between Gabriel and Satan, by the hanging out of the Golden Scales in Heaven, is a Refinement upon Homer's Thought, who tells us, that before +

the

the Battle between Hector and Achilles, Jupiter weighed the Event of it in a Pair of Scales. The Reader may fee the whole Paffage in the 22d Iliad.

VIRGIL, before the laft decifive Combat, describes Jupiter in the fame manner, as weighing the Fates of Turnus and Æneas. Milton, though he fetched this beautiful Circumftance from the Iliad and Eneid, does not only infert it as a poetical Embellishment, like the Authors above-mentioned; but makes an artful Use of it for the proper carrying on of his Fable, and for the breaking off the Combat between the two Warriors, who were upon the Point of engaging. To this we may further add, that Milton is the more juftified in this Paffage, as we find the fame noble Allegory in Holy Writ, where a wicked Prince, fome few Hours before he was affaulted and flain, is faid to have been weighed in the Scales, and to have been found wanting.

I muft here take notice under the Head of the Machines, that Uriel's gliding down to the Earth upon a Sunbeam, with the Poet's Device to make him defcend, as well in his Return to the Sun, as in his coming from it, is a Prettiness that might have been admired in a little fanciful Poet, but feems below the Genius of Milton. The Description of the Hoft of armed Angels walking their nightly Round in Paradife, is of another Spirit.

So faying, on he led his radiant files,
Dazling the Moon ;

as that Account of the Hymns which our first Parents used to hear them fing in these their MidnightWalks, is altogether Divine,and inexpreffibly amufing to the Imagination.

WE are, in the last place, to confider the Parts which Adam and Eve act in the Fourth Book, The Defcription of them as they firft appeared to Satan, is exquifitely drawn, and fufficient to make the fallen Angel gaze upon them with all that Astonishment, and those Emotions of Envy, in which he is represented.

Two of far nobler Shape erect and tall,
God-like erect, with native Honour clad
In naked Majefty feem'd Lords of all;

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And

And worthy feem'd, for in their Looks divine
The Image of their glorious Maker fhone,
Truth, Wisdom, Sanctitude fevere and pure;
Severe, but in true filial Freedom plac'd:
For Contemplation he and Valour form'd,
For Softnefs fhe and fweet attractive Grace;
He for God only, he for God in him:
His fair large Front, and Eye fublime declar'd
Abfolute Rule; and Hyacinthin Locks
Round from his parted Forelock manly hung
Cluftring, but not beneath his Shoulders broad:
She as a Veil down to her flender Waße
Her unadorned golden Treffes wore
Diffbevel'd, but in wanton Ringlets ward.
So pafs'd they naked on, nor fhun'd the Sight
Of God or Angel, for they thought no ill:
So Hand in Hand they pass'd, the loveliest Pair
That ever fince in Love's Embraces met.

THERE is a fine Spirit of Poetry in the Lines which follow, wherein they are defcribed as fitting on a Bed of Flowers by the Side of a Fountain, amidst a mixed Affembly of Animals.

THE Speeches of these two firft Lovers flow equally from Paffion and Sincerity. The Profeffions they make to one another are full of Warmth ; but at the fame Time founded on Truth. In a Word, they are the Gallantries of Paradife:

When Adam firft of Men

Sole Partner and fole Part of all thefe Joys,
Dearer thy felf than all ; ---

But let us ever praise him, and extol

His Bounty, following our delightful Task, To prune thefe growing Plants, and tend thefe Flowers, Which were it toilfome, yet with thee were feet. To whom thus Eve reply'd, O thou for whom And from whom I was form'd, Flf of thy Flesh, And without whom am to no End, my Guide And Head, what thou haft faid is juft and right. For we to him indeed all Praifes owe, And daily Thanks; Ichiefly who enjoy VOL IV. N

So far the happier Lot, enjoying thee

Prae inent by fo much Odds, while thou
Like Confort to thy felf canft no where find, &c.

THE remaining Part of Eve's Speech, in which the give an Account of herself upon her firft Creation, and the manner in which fhe was brought to Adam, is I think as beautiful a Paffage as any in Milton, or perhaps in any other Poet whatsoever. These Paffages are all worked off with fo much Art, that they are capable of pleafing the most delicate Reader, without offending the moft fevere.

That Day I oft remember, when from Sleep, &c.

A Poet of lefs Judgment and Invention than this great Author, would have found it very difficult to have filled these tender Parts of the Poem with Sentiments proper for a State of Innocence; to have defcribed the Warmth of Love, and the Profeffions of it, without Artifice or Hyperbole; to have made the Man speak the moft endearing Things, without defcending from his natural Dignity, and the Woman receiving them without departing from the Modesty of her Character; in a Word, to adjust the Prerogatives of Wifdom and Beauty, and make each appear to the other in its proper Force and Lovelinefs. This mutual Subordination of the two Sexes is wonderfully kept up in the whole Poem, as particularly in the Speech of Eve I have before mentioned, and upon the Conclufion of it in the following Lines.

So fpake our general Mother, and with Eyes
Of conjugal Attraction unreproved,
And meek Surrender, half embracing lean'd
On our firft Father; half her fwelling Breaft
Naked met his under the flowing Gold
Of her loofe Treffes hid; he in Delight
Both of her Beauty and fubmiffive Charms
Smil'd with fuperior Love,

THE Poet adds, that the Devil turned away with Envy at the Sight of fo much Happiness.

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