"Rector civitatis, fays Wolfius, adigere vi poteft fubdites, conventilus publicis in templis dicbus feflis inter fint." The magi ftrate may compel the citizens to attend public worship in the churches..

"It is furprizing, fays M. de Vattel, to find, in a treatise of natural law, a propofition, tending to establish and demon ftrate the juftice of perfecution and constraint in matters of re- ! ligion. But the Author, who forefaw our furprize, pretends that he advances nothing here, but what is deducible from evident and undubitable principles. We will therefore enter a little into the examination of these principles. The civil magiftrate ought to employ force to oblige thofe who neglect their duty, to conform at left! externally to the dictates of natural law. It is on this principle he founds the right of the magiftrate, to compel people to go to church; but if we look into the demonftration of this propofition itfelf, we fhall find it grounded folely on this reason, that the external conduct of men unhinges the rights, of others, and ¦ is injurious to community, unless it be conformable to natural law. Whence it follows, that this maxim is applicable only to fuch of our actions as affect the rights of others. To leave every one to the quiet enjoyment of their privileges; to do no one an injury, &c. thefe are duties, to the discharge of which the civil power may and ought to compel the refractory; and though it may not be able to infpire them with a real love to justice, it may equitably force them at least to, the exterior obfervance of it, as well for the fake of individuals, as to maintain the order and tranquillity of fociety. But with regard to thofe duties that only affect ourselves, and arife folely from the internal obligation of conscience; it must be remembered, that M. Wolfius himself hath, in another place, declared, that every one should be left in the peaceable poffeffion of his natural liberty. Our duty towards God, and the obligation of wor fhipping him, are fo interefting to the confcience, that no one ought to be laid under any restraint, refpecting the manner of discharging. them. The whole merit of fuch discharge depending on the fincerity of it, every one ought to acquit himfelf freely according to the dictates of his own confcience. As every man fhould worship in the inanner he thinks molt agreeable to the Diety, he ought not to be compelled to conform, in that respect, to the will of the fovereign. Neither fociety, then, nor the fovereign reprefenting it, have any right to lay a reftraint on the confcience of the fubject. If there be any confcientious perfons, therefore, who conceive the established forms of worship to be fuperftitious and difagreeable to God, would you compel them to attend and affift in their celebration!

but he is a little unlucky in telling us, that this horrid creature was very near tearing the fair Safterati to pieces, and that he opened a pair of terrible jaws to devour her deliverer, which he would have effected had not his antagonist crammel a brandy-bottle down his throat; the best and latest Travellers from that part of the world affuring us, that the bears they met with, were none of them carnivorous animals. On the contrary, we are told, that, tho' when attacked, or infulted, thefe creatures will give rather a clofer hug than is agreeable to delicate conflitutions, they never fet their teeth into human flesh living or dead.

We could mention other inftances wherein the Author breaks through the rules of the fpecies of writing he attempts, as well as thofe of decency and decorum; but we are apprehenfive our Readers would not thank us for enlarging on such an article.

Art. 23. A Review of the Proceedings of a General Court Martial held at Lincoln upon Mr. Glover, a Lieutenant Colonel of the Militia; who was tried for behaving in a Manner unbecom ing an Officer and a Gentleman; and who was fentenced to be publicly reprimanded. His Grace George Duke of Manchester Prefident. Wherein many interefting Particulars relative to that Trial are laid before the Public, and the Behaviour of Colonel Welby, and other Militia Officers, confidered. Being an Answer to the Remarks on two Courts Martial. 8vo. Stevens.

Is. 6d.

The publication of the Proceedings* and Remarks ↑ were just noticed by us at the time of their appearance; though the affair did not then feem to require the merits of it to be canvaffed beyond the jurisdiction of the court wherein it was cognizable. By this Review we, neverthelefs, find, that the court-martial had a fubject of no small delicacy be fore them; the Prosecutor being an Officer of the regular forces,the Defendant, and the court, Officers of the militia. Of this the Prefident is faid to have been fenfible; and his obfervation on it is fuch, as must fatisfy the Gentlemen in the regular fervice, of his intentions to act with that honourable impartiality which conftitutes the very effence of all legal proceedings. He was of opinion, that if the militia act had any faults, that was one of them, that it had not provided against a difpute between two Officers in the different fervices of army and militia, and had not divided the members equally, fix and fix from each, in cafe of a general court-martial to be held. Hence (we fuppose the Reviewer continues) arofe a natural distrust in the Profecutor, that the members being all of the militia, might lean a little to the prifoner, who was of the militia too, and an equal distrust in the members, that in cafe they cenfured the prifoner feverely, they mighc be thought not to preferve a proper and due attention to their own body; whereas an equal mixture of the members, or the Profecutor and Prifoner being both in the fame fervice, would have removed any ⚫ difficulty and embarraflment of this nature.'- -Confidering the ftriét punctilios made, and neceffary to be obferved, in military fervice, to preferve due tubordination of runk, consistent with the general character Ditto, p 510.

Review, vol. XXVII p. 154

of

494

of Gentlemen, but which has not yet obtained in the militia to equal nicety; it appears that by his behaviour before, at, and after, trial, the Defendant fully juftifies the lenient opinion and decifion of the

court.

Art. 24. A concife Account of the Rife, Progress, and prefent State of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, inftituted at London, anno 1754. Compiled from the original Papers of the first Promoters of the Plan; and from other authentic Records. By a Member of the faid Society. 8vo. Is. 6d. Hooper.

"The chief defign of this little piece, fays the Author, is to rescue from oblivion the laudable zeal of those noble and worthy perfonages who firft carried into execution the plan for establishing a fociety for the encouragement of arts," &c. The fociety is doubtless very much oblig. ed to this Gentleman for his kind intention to perpetuate the memory of its Founders; but we fear they have only his intention to thank him for; as it does not appear that he has taken due care to infure his own performance from oblivion. So that it is apprehended the fame of thofe worthy Patriots who first set on foot this very laudable association, muft take its chance, and truft to other means for being duly tranfmitted to pofterity. Some account of this flourishing fociety, may be found in the twenty-third volume of our Review, page 431.

Art. 25. Collateral Bec-boxes; or a new, eafy, and advantageous Method of managing Bees. In which Part of the Honey is taken away, in an eafy and pleasant Manner, without destroying, or much difturbing, the Bees; early fivarms, if defired, are encou raged, and late ones prevented. By Stephen White, M. A Rector of Holton in Suffolk. The fecond Edition. 8vo.

Is. 6d. Davis and Reymers.

3

Though the former edition of this judicious benevolent tract, was juft mentioned in the Review, yet on the occafion of its fecond publi cation, we were strongly tempted to recommend once more to the Raifers of honey, a method of ordering their bees, which the motives of eafs, profit, and humanity, join to perfuade thofe to try, who are capable of feeing beyond the prejudices of vulgar cuftom. It is not the fcheme of a vifionary Projector, difficult to execute, and pregnant with difap pointment; but a method to which any poor cottager poffeffed of s fingle fwarm, may have recourfe, and which will render the manage ment of them a humane fource of entertainment, at the fame time that it will increase his flock to the full extent of reasonable expectation. Mr. White has clearly fhewn, that it is not only unneceffary, but an at of cruchy and ingratitude, to burn a colony of innocent induftrious fervants, who, as they have laboured one fummer for the benefit of their mafters, are, with no increase of trouble in management, or what is ufually understood by driving them, able and willing to continue their induftrious and wonderful employment, in return for the grant of their lives, the enfuing feason. We fay no more on a fubject which fo copi

oully

eufly speaks for itself; but, again, earneftly recommend this fcheme to the notice of thofe Readers for whom it was intended; and who, by following the worthy Author's directions, will not fail to reap the just reward of rational benevolence.

Art. 26. The Schemer, or Univerfal Satirift. By that great Philofopher Helter Van Scelter. 12mo. 3s. bound. Wilkie.

A collection of the truly comic papers, published under the above title, in the London Chronicle, and fufficiently known to the public. The ingenious Author has, in this edition, added fome whimsical Notes.

Art. 27. A General Hiftory of Sieges and Battles, by Sea and Land, farticularly fuch as relate to Great Britain. Including the Lives of the most celebrated Admirals, Generals, Captains, &c. Embellished with a great number of Copper-plates. 12mo. 10 vols. 15s. fewed. Johnfon, Curtis, &c.

Well enough to amufe young Readers, before they have acquired a tafle for more valuable compilations.

Art. 28. An impartial Hiflory of the late War. in boards. Johnson, &c.

12mo. 3s. 6d.

A proper companion for the work above-mentioned; but we do not warmly recommend it, for fear the cuts fhould frighten the children.

Art. 29. A compleat Hiftory of the Origin and Progress of the late War, from its Commencement to the Ratifications of Peace, 1763. 8vo. 2 vols. 10s. bound. Nicoll.

Somewhat better than the preceding History; but it seems to be a fatality attending every History of the current Times, that they are ftuffed with details of fuch occurrences as are below the dignity and character of historical compofition. But what does the Author mean by thus modely entitling his work a compleat History? Were it true that he had, with fingular felicity, wrought up this performance to the fummit of perfection, he might, nevertheless, have left the discovery of fuch fuper-excellence to his Readers: who would have been as likely to find it out, as they are to credit his affuming pretenfions.-We never knew one of the compleat productions that was not, to say the leaft, as much defective as thofe which have been lefs arrogantly introduced to public notice.

Art. 30. Proceedings of a Court-Martial held at Fort Royal, in the Ifland of Martinico, in April, 1762, upon the Trial of MajorCommandant Colin Campbell, 8vo. IS, Walter.

Major Campbell, of the 100th regiment, food charged at his trial, with the murder of Capt. M'Kraag, of the fame regiment. The fact feems

feems to have been somewhat of an irregular duel; but the circume ftances are not clearly afcertained, as the affair happened in the nighttime, and in the dark: fo that the Evidences could not well fee what was going forward. The Major's defence is well drawn up; altho' it was not fo thoroughly fatisfactory to the Court, as to fave him from a fentence, by which he was cafhiered, and rendered incapable of ferving. his Majesty.

Art. 31. A genuine Narrative of the Life and Actions of John Rice, Broker; interfperfed with fome curious Anecdotes, particularly of the Lord Mayor and Bishop of Cambray. 8vo. is. A, Henderfon.

Relates fome particulars concerning Mr. Rice, from his birth to his being capitally convicted of the forgery for which he was hanged. There are fome other accounts of him published, in which the Ordinary of Newgate is more compleatly anticipa el: the ingenious Authors having thought fit to accompany their Hero to the gallows.

SERMONS on the General Thanksgiving, May 5, 1763, on Account of the Peace.

1. AT the parish church of Brafted in Kent. By George Davis, M. A. Maiter of Queen Elizabeth's Free Grammar-ichool at Sevenoaks in Kent. Dodfley, &c.

2. The Bleffings of Peace, and the Means of preferving it,-before the University of Oxford, at St. Mary's. By Jacob Jefferson, M. A. Fellow of Queen's college. Rivington.

3. At Reigate in Surry. By W. Stead, M. A. Vicar of Reigate, and Chaplain to the Dutchefs Dowager of Somerfet. Burd.

4. At the meeting-place in Artillery-lane, Spittlefields. By Joha Richardfon. Buckland.

5. The Beings of Peace fecured by Piets, Gratitude, and Unanimity, at St. Andrew Underhaft, London. By Thomas Bonney, A. M. Rector of the faid parish. Caflon.

6. National Peuce a choice Bleffing of the Lord,-at the meeting-house in Redcross-fireet. By Thomas Craner. Johnfon.

rum.

7. Serving the Lord, the only true Thanksgiving.-at Wylye near Sa By George Eyre, M. A. Curate of the fame place. Withers 8. At the Hague, in the chapel of Sir Jofeph Yorke, his Majesty's Ambaffador to the States General. By kobert Richardfon, M. A. Prey bendary of Lincoln, Rector of Wallington, Herts, Chaplain to the Earl of Gainsborough, and to his Excellency. Becker.

9. The prefent Peace confidered, and thankfully acknowleged to be a fiaJonable and Special Bleffing,-preached to a congregation of Proteftant Diffenters at the meeting-houfe in Redcrofs-ftreet. By John Stephens. Keith.

10. The Blefings of Peace, at Newcastle. By S. Lowthion. Ri chardfon.

́11. At Abingdon, Berks. By Andrew Portal, A. B. Vicar. Withers. The Mifcellaneous Sermons in our next.