Art. 31. A genuine Narrative of the Life and Aftive of Firm Rid, Broker; interberjed with fre crim Aviktu, jalad the Lord Mayor and Bijoop of Camera. 8o. is. A, Hei derion. Belares me particulars concerning Mia Kite, from his birth to hi being capitally convicted of the torgern fle which be was barged. Thet are fime other accounts of him pl5, hee, 11 wach the Oranay of Newgare is more compleatly anticiple: the logenious Aa hors navig thought fit to accompany their Hero to the gons. SERMONS on the General Tranh giving, May 5, 1763, on Account of the Peace. 1. AT the parish church of Brafted in Kent. By George Davis, M. 4. Maiter of Queen Elizabeth's Free Grammar-ichool at Seven oaks in Kent. Doalley, &c. 2. The Elifings of Peace, and the bears of preferving it,—before the University of Oxford, at St. Mary's. By jacob Jefferion, M. A. Fe low of Queen's college. Rivington. 3. At Reigate in Surry. By W. Stead, M. A. Vicar of Reigat and Chaplain to the Dutchefs Lowager of Somerfet. Burd. 4. At the meeting-place in Artillery-laue, Spittlefields. Richardfon. Buckland. By job 5. The Belings of Peare fecured by Piets, Gratitude, and Unanimi, -at St Andrew Underihaft, London. By Thomas Bonney, A. M. Rector of the fid parish. Caflon. 6. National Peace a choice Bilfing of the Lord.-at the meeting-hou in Redcrofs-fireet. By Thomas Craner. Johnfon. 7. Serving the Lord, the only true Thanksgiving-at Wylye near S Tum. By George Eyre, M. A. Curate of the fame place. Withers. 8. At the Hague, in the chapel of Sir Jofeph Yorke, his Majelty Ambaffador to the States General. By kobert Richardfon, M. A. Pie bendary of Lincoln, Rector of Wallington, Herts, Chaplain to Earl of Gainsborough, and to his Excellency. Becker. 9. The prefent Peace confidered, and thankfully acknorwieged to be a fi Jonable and special Bleffing,-preached to a congregation of Proteita:: Diffenters at the meeting-house in Redcrofs-ftreet. By John Stephens Keith. 10. The Bleffings of Peace, at Newcastle. By S. Lowthion. R chardfon. 1. At Abingdon, Berks. By Andrew Portal, A. B. Vicar. Wither The Miscellaneous Sermons in our next. who invented or adopte cluded abfolutely from the cerning the natural prope. rights of mankind in gen from fact, civilians have ters of polity and equity t very effential diftinction L naturally juft. The authority of the an much with the moderns, i:. natural rights; which, it deducible from argument perceptions of pain and right and wrong, implant At least, if any reafonin, be admitted to illuftrate fhould be fuch only as mi and equally applicable to al the labours of the philofor to the cultivation of this fet the poet and yet the writ made, in a great measure, t natural law. Selden, Groti. proof of the truth of this affirm: in the laws of nations, that a and dependent on, the arbitrar determined by the principles e the established cuftoms and adopted as precedents. Thi owing to the imperfect ftate. no one will pretend, that the on that of nature; or, that cu ought to prevail against the dic Among thofe writers who the reasoning and penetration thority of Hiftorians, Poets, the principal, fome of our own who, though miftaken in fon the honour of having opened & have been fince made in the ft The celebrated treatife of well known to need any encom confider him in the light of a P.. wonder, however, that amidit objects, as are affembled in the c i fuppreffed." And yet admit of what his Author int, quente ad deterrendum quantum fieri potejl, fuf fficere lexiares, graviorilas fore we can truly affert, purifhments, when the lary that the evil occaconfequence. "The right, aarelted with, of punith ch nature hath given to Now, if a robber, in 1 -- a thing of little confe thout, I am affured - even though I have s .: from me." rever, be afked her, the intention of the offender (which may be truly offence) as well as to the injury actually committed. may feem cruel, that one man fhould fuffer the fame for caufing a trivial injury, as another doth for greatest; yet if it be certain that the defign of the qually criminal with the latter, we do not fee that I defeat of that defign renders him lefs deferving of On the other hand, if a trivial injury only be intended , we do not fee why the frequent repetition of fuch Gerent perfons, fhould aggravate the punishment According to our ideas of natural juftice it fhould ifhment fhould be, as we think, proportioned well as to the injury; we don't fee how the who robs an orchard this year, is aggravated by a's having been robbed lift year, fuppofing the innocent and ignorant of the prior robbery, crime is aggravated by is frequency and for thor alledges, yet ere a government is juftithe punishment, it should be first proved on is the only method of producing the efew, though the prevention of crimes may e kind of punishment, it does not thence it not be effected by one of another kind, refpect to the perfon of the offender. It Toved that capital punishments are the best *; and, till this be done, we must efterm ty highly difgraceful to the laws of this and es, to doom indiferiminately to death, the artfully deceives or boldly compels you to .ties, and the infolent villain who wantonly ds and involves whole families in poverty and punishment ought to be inflicted on the offenders; as fuch dif orders in fociety ought to be abfolutely fuppreffed." And yet our Commentator will not entirely admit of what his Author afferts elsewhere, Pœnæ tantæ licitæ funt, quantæ ad deterrendum nocituros a deliéto vel crimine perpetrando, quantum fieri potejl, fifficiunt, confequenter fi appareat, non fufficere leniores, gravioribus uti liceat. Mr. Vattel is of opinion, that before we can truly affett, that it is equitable to employ feverer punishments, when the mild are found infufficient, it is necellary that the evil occa fioned thereby fhould be of fufficient confequence. The right,! continues he, which the magiftracy is invefted with, of punishing offenders, is derived from that which nature hath given to every man, to act in his own defence. Now, if a robber, in a ftate of nature, fhould take from me a thing of little conf quence, and which I could eafily do without, I am affured not permitted to kill fuch an offender, even though I have n other method of recovering what is stolen from me.” Might not the ingenious cafuift, however, be afked here, what lofs of property he would adjudge to be equivalent to the life of a man? for, as it is, he hath left this matter very indeterminate; and, indeed, on this principle, we fhould think, the nothing less than a robbery which would reduce a man to the condition of starving, would authorife him to defend his property, by taking away the life of the robb.r. Nor, indeed, is this very confiftent with what he advances above, refpeain: the aggravation of the evil by a repetition of the fact; for b this argument it fhould feem, that if a man fhould rob us of : guinea, and we were poffeffed of ten thousand, we have 1) right to kill him in defence of our property; whereas if it we the only guinca we had in the world, we fhould be authori to do it. And yet might not a man be thus robbed of one gu nea after another till he had but one left?. In our opinier however, the principles on which the civil power hath pro ceeded, in aggravating the punishments of offenders, in cafès · frequent delinquency, are different from thofe affigned by Vattel. If penal flatutes were acts of vengeance, the punith ments inflicted by them would reafonably be proportioned the evil committed; but, as the end and defign of all legal p nifhments (from whatever fource the right of inflicting the be derived) are confeffedly the fecurity and tranquillity of ind viduals and the ftate, the punishment ought to be prop Thus Plato in that celebrated paffage, tranflated and adopte Seneca, "Punishments ought not to be inflicted, merely on accou |