The History of Modern Europe: With an Account of the Decline and Fall of the ... - William Russell - Google Books

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weather, and almost destitute of forage and provisions

Mareschal Saxe, who had kept the French army warm

within its cantonments, begins the campaign [April 16.]

with the invasion of Dutch Brabant
153

Sluys, Sandburg, Hulst, and many other places, reduced
ibid.

Filled with consternation at the progress of the French

arms, the Dutch populace clamour against their rulers,

and compel the magistrates, in many places, to declare

the prince of Orange stadtholder
154

He is appointed by a general assembly of the states,

"Stadtholder, captain general, and admiral in chief of

all the United Provinces."

Speech of count Bentick on the occasion

The beneficial effects of this revolution on the common

cause of the confederates soon conspicuous

During all these important transactions, the allied army,

commanded by the duke of Cumberland, performed no-

thing, being overawed by the superior generalship of

The French resolve to besiege Maestricht, and the allies
to prevent them

Battle of Val [July 1,]

ibid.

After various turns of fortune, the duke of Cumberland is

obliged to quit the field, and retire to Maestricht 157

Mareschal Saxe detaches count Lowendahl, with thirty

thousand men, to invest Bergen-op-zoom, the strongest

fortification in Dutch Brabant

Siege of that important place

It is taken by storm [Sept. 14.]

The French become masters of the whole navigation of

Operations in Italy

The mareschal de Belleisle passes the river Var, takes
possession of Nice, and reduces the fortress of Montal-
ban, Villa Franca, and Ventimiglia

-

ibid.

Genoa invested by a powerful army of Austrians and Pied-
montese, under count Schuylemberg
ibid.

Alarmed at the progress of the mareschal de Belleisle

Schuylemberg raises the siege of Genoa, in order to

cover Piedmont and Lombardy
161

The chevalier de Belleisle endeavours, in the meantime,

to penetrate into Piedmont by the way of Dauphiny ibid.

He is killed in attempting to force the pass of Exilles; and

his army, after having been repulsed in three successive

assaults, is obliged to retire with the loss of five thousand

The mareschal de Belleisle retreats toward the Var, on

being informed of his brother's fate

Six French ships of war, and four East-Indiamen, taken

by the English fleet, commanded by the admirals Anson

Commodore Fox captures forty-six French West-Indiamen

ibid.

And admiral Hawke defeats a French squadron, under the
command of Mons. de Letendeur, and takes six ships
of the line

-

ibid.

These losses dispose Lewis XV. to listen to the proposals

of peace

-

State of the contending powers

1748 Congress opened at Aix-la-Chapelle

Seige of Maestricht

Cessation of arms

Transactions in the East and West-Indies

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle [Oct. 7.]

Stipulations in that treaty

ibid.

As favourable as the allies had any reason to expect ibid.

Reflections on the folly of France and England in so long

continuing a wasteful war

France, Spain, and Great-Britain, from the peace of Aix-la-

Chapelle to the renewal of hostilities, in 1755, with a gene-

ral view of the disputes in the East-Indies, and a particu-

lar account of the rise of the war in America.

1748 Prosperity and happiness of Europe after the peace of Aix-

That happiness disturbed by alarming riots in England,
and a violent dispute between the clergy and the parlia-
ments in France

ibid.

Ambitious projects of the French in America and the
East-Indies

ibid.

They attempt to draw the Spaniards into their views 170

Their intrigues at the court of Madrid defeated by Mr.

Keene, the British ambassador

Pacific disposition of Ferdinand VI.

1754 Disgrace of Encenada his prime minister

Retrospective view of European affairs in the East-Indies

M. Dupleix, governor of Pondicherry, conceives the idea
of advancing the interest of the French East-India com-
pany by the acquisition of territory

State of the peninsula of Indostan

ibid.

1754 Intrigues of M. Dupleix with the Indian princes

He procures subahship of the deacon for Murzafa Jing, and

the nabobship of Arcot for Chunda Saheb [^. D. 1750.]

The English support the pretensions of Mahomed Ally,

son of the late nabob of Arcot.

First appearance of Mr. Clive in a military capacity ibid.

He makes himself master of Arcot [A. D. 1751.] ibid.

Is besieged in the place

His gallant defence

He obliges the French and Indians to retire, and defeats

them in the plains of Arni

Chunda Saheb made prisoner, and put to death by the

rajah of Tanjour [A. D. 1752.]
178

Mahomed Ally remains undisputed nabob of Arcot, Mr.
Dupleix is recalled, and a conditional treaty is conclud-
ed between the French and English East-India compa-
nies
ibid.

State of the province of Nova-Scotia at the peace of Aix-

la-Chapelle
ibid.

Encouragement given by the British government for set-

tling it, and the town of Halifax founded [A. D. 1749.]

Disputes between France and England concerning the

limits of that province

And also concerning the boundaries of the British pro-

vinces to the southward

The French attempt to unite, by a chain of forts their two
extensive colonies of Canada and Louisiana, and to con-
fine the English colonies to that tract of country which
lies betewen the Alleghany mountains and the sea ibid.

This scheme embraced by la Galissoniere, governor of

New-France, and de la Joinquiere, commander in chief

of the French forces in North-America

The conferrences relative to the limits of Nova-Scotia
broken off [A. D. 1753.]

ibid.

The French commence hostilities in Nova-Scotia, and on

the frontiers of Virginia

Orders sent to the governors of the British settlements to

oppose force by force

Comparative view of the state of the French and English

The English colonies more powerful, but want concert ibid.

Meeting of deputies from all the English colonies, with

the chiefs of the Indians of the six Nations, at Albany 183

Backwardness of the Indians to engage in hostilities ibid,

Major Washington dispatched from Virginia to watch the

motions of the enemy

Attacked by de Villier, the French commandant on the
Monongahela, and defends himself with vigour

1755 Informed of those violent proceedings, the courts of Lon-

don and Versailles prepare for war

Alcide and Lys, two French ships of the line, taken by

the captains Howe and Andrews

All the French forts within the limits of Nova-Scotia re-

duced by col. Monckton

Expedition under major-general Braddock against the
French forts on the Ohio

Misconduct of Braddock

ibid.

Is attacked by a concealed body of French and Indians ib.

Is routed and slain

The artillery and baggage of the English army fall into
the hands of the French
ibid.

Two expeditions planned; one against the French fort at

Crown-point, the other against that at Niagara 189

ibid.

But general Johnson defeats the baron Dieskau, comman-
der in chief of the French forces in Canada

Above three hundred French merchant ships are brought

into the ports of England

From political motives, the French make no reprisals ib.

Earthquake at Lisbon

Generosity of the British parliament to the Portuguese on

General view of the state of Europe, in 1756, with an

account of the operations of war, in all parts of the world,

until the conquest of Hanover by the French, in 1757.

1756 Spain, Portugal, and the United Provinces, seem deter-

mined to remain neutral

League formed by the court of Vienna for stripping the

king of Prussia of his dominions

The French threaten the electorate of Hanover

His Britannic majesty negociates a subsidiary treaty with

the court of Petersburg

The king of Prussia declares against the introduction of

foreign troops into the empire, and concludes with

Great-Britain a treaty on that principle [Jan. 16.] 194

Alliance between France and the imperial court, in con-
junction with Russia and Sweden [May 1.] ibid.

The French invade the island of Minorca

The king of Great-Britain declares war against France ib.

Decline of the martial spirit in England, and its cause ib.

The people alarmed at the rumour of a French invasion

German troops brought over for the protection of the

State of the British ministry

A fleet sent to the relief of Minorca under Admiral Byng

He despairs of success on his arrival at Gibralter

His letter on that purport

Indecisive engagement with the French fleet

Gallant behaviour of rear-admiral West

Byng returns to Gibralter

ibid.

Fort St. Philip surrenders, and the whole island of Minorca

submits to the arms of France

Particulars of the siege

Byng is superseded and brought home under arrest ibid.

Joy of the French and dejection of the people of England

Plan of operations for the campaign in America ibid.

General Abercrombie assumes the command of the Bri-

tish forces at Albany [June 5.]

He waits for the arrival of lord Loudon, the commander

in chief, till the season of action is over

The French make themselves masters of Oswego

British affairs in the East-Indies

Admiral Watson reduces the fortress of Gheria, on the

Retrospective view of the establishment of the English
East-India company in that province

ibid.

Company's agents at the factory of Soota-nutty, obtain a

phirmaund, or patent, from Aurengzebe [A. D. 1690.]

They erect fort William at Calcutta [A. D. 1696.] 208

Procure from the great mogul passports, or dustucks ibid.

This privilege excites the jealousy of both the European

and Indian powers

Surajah Dowla, nabob of Bengal, determines to punish
the supposed abuse of it

ibid.

He marches to Calcutta at the head of a great army, and

besieges fort William

Mr. Drake, the governor, makes his escape on board one

of the company's ships

The place gallantly defended by the company's servants,
under Mr. Holwell

ibid.

Violently entered by the Nabob's troops, and the garrison

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